新目标人教版英语七年级上下册重点语法总结

1 七年级上册英语语法七年级上册英语语法 1 动词 动词 be is am are 的用法 的用法 我 I 用 am 你 you 用 are is 跟着他 he 她 she 它 it 单数名词用 is 复数名词 全用 are 变否定 更容易 be 后 not 加上去 变疑问 往前提 句末问号莫丢弃 还有一 条须注意 句首大写莫忘记 2 this that 和和 it 用法用法 1 this 和 that 是指示代词 it 是人称代词 2 距离说话人近的人或物用 this 距离说话人远的人或物用 that 如 This is a flower 这是一朵花 近处 That is a tree 那是一棵树 远处 3 放在一起的两样东西 先说 this 后说 that 如 This is a pen That is a pencil 这是一支钢笔 那是一支铅笔 4 向别人介绍某人时说 This is 不说 That is 如 This is Helen Helen this is Tom 这是海伦 海伦 这是汤姆 5 This is 不能缩写 而 That is 可以缩写 如 This is a bike That s a car 这是一辆自行车 那是一辆轿车 6 打电话时 介绍自己用 this 询问对方用 that 如 Hello Is that Miss Green 喂 是格林小姐吗 Yes this is Who s that 是的 我是 你是谁 注意 虽然汉语中使用 我 和 你 但英语中打电话时绝不可以说 I am Are you Who are you 7 在回答 this 或 that 作主语的疑问句时 要用 it 代替 this 或 that 如 Is this a notebook 这是笔记本吗 Yes it is 是的 它是 What s that 那是什么 It s a kite 是只风筝 3 these 和和 those 用法用法 this that these 和 those 是指示代词 these 是 this 的复数形式 指时间 距离较近的或下 面要提到的人或事 those 是 that 的复数形式 指时间 距离较远或前面已经提到过的人或事 物 This is my bed That is Lily s bed 这是我的床 那是莉莉的床 These pictures are good 那些画很好 Are those apple trees 那些是苹果树吗 在回答主语是 these 或 those 的疑问句时 通常用 they 代替 these 或 those 以避免重复 如 Are these those your apples 这些 那些 是你的苹果吗 Yes they are 是的 他们是 4 名词 名词 s 所有格所有格 单数名词后直接加 s 2 Jim s coat 吉姆的外套 Jeff s mother 杰夫的妈妈 以 s 结尾的复数名词 只加 Teachers Day 教师节 the twins books 双胞胎的书 不以 s 结尾的不规则的名词复数 加 s Children s Day 儿童节 men s shoes 男式鞋 表示两者共同拥有时 只在最后一个名词后加 s Lucy and Lily s mother 露茜和莉莉的妈妈 共同的妈妈 一个妈妈 表示两者各自拥有时 要在每个名词后加 s Lucy s and Kate s rooms 露茜和凯特的房间 各自的房间 两间房子 5 There be 句型句型 1 There be 句型主要用以表达 某处 某时 有某人 某物 其基本结构为 There be 某物 某人 某地 某时 其中 there 是引导词 没有词义 主语是 be 后面的名词 be 是谓语动词 在一般现在时中 be 只用 is 和 are 两种形式 下面这首歌诀可帮你巧记 there be 句型结构 There be 放句首 主语跟在后 地 时放句末 强调置前头 如 There is a book on the desk 有时为了强调地点 也可把介词短语放在句首 如 On the desk there is a book 2 There be 句型中的 be 动词如何确定呢 请先看看下面这首歌诀 Be 动词 有三个 am is 还有 are There be 真特别 不留 am 只留俩 那就是 is 还有 are 要用 is 还是 are 须看其后的名词是单数还是复数 若是单数或不可数名词用 is 否则就用 are 如 There is a tree behind the house There is some water 水 in the bottle 瓶子 There are some pears in the box 3 注意 如果 be 后的主语是由 and 连接的两个或两个以上的名词 那么 be 的形式 要遵循 远亲不如近邻 的原则 也就是说 be 的形式是由与它最近的那个名词来确定的 若那个名词是单数或不可数名词要用 is 是复数就用 are 如 There is a book and some pens on the floor There are some pens and a book on the floor 6 like 一词的用法一词的用法 like 用作及物动词 译为 喜欢 1 后接名词或代词 表示喜欢某人或某物 如 I like the baby very much 我非常喜欢这个小孩 2 后接动名词 v ing 表示 喜欢做某事 着重于习惯 爱好 如 Tom likes playing football 汤姆喜欢踢足球 3 后接动词不定式 to do 表示 偶尔地喜欢做某事 着重于某次具体的行为 如 I like reading but I like to watch TV this evening 我喜欢读书 但我今晚想看电视 7 句子单数变复数 注意以下五要素 句子单数变复数 注意以下五要素 3 1 主格人称代词要变成相应的复数主格人称代词 即 I we you you she he it they 如 She is a girl They are girls 2 am is 要变为 are 如 I m a student We are students 3 不定冠词 a an 要去掉 如 He is a boy They are boys 4 普通单数名词要变为复数形式 如 It is an apple They are apples 5 指示代词 this that 要变为 these those 如 This is a box These are boxes 8 英语日期的表示法 英语日期的表示法 英语中月份和星期名称都是专有名词 它们的首字母必须大写 并且前面无需用冠词 用英语表示日期 其顺序为月 日 年 日和年之间需用逗号隔开 如 August 2nd 2003 2003 年 8 月 2 日 也可以用日 月 年来表示 如 10th May 2003 2003 年 5 月 10 日 英语日期前介词的使用 若指在哪一年或哪一月 则用介词 in 若具体到某一天 则需用介词 on 9 时间的表达法时间的表达法 1 直读式 即直接读出时间数字 7 05 seven five 8 16 eight sixteen 2 过 差式 即几点差几分 几点过几分 以 30 分为分界线 1 25 twenty five past one 2 30 half past two 3 43 seventeen to four 4 38 twenty two to five 3 12 小时制 6 00 a m 上午 6 点 8 20 p m 下午 8 点 20 分 4 24 小时制 13 00 13 点钟 22 15 22 点 15 分 5 15 分可用 quarter 4 15 a quarter past four 5 45 a quarter to six 6 时间前通常用 at at 5 o clock at 7 30 p m 10 want 用法用法 1 想干什么用 want to do sth They want to join the sports club 他们想加入运动俱乐部 2 第三人称单数作主语 want 要作变化 He wants to play basketball Li Xia wants to play the piano 3 变疑问句 否定句要借助助动词 do 或 does Do you want to play soccer ball Yes I do No I don t 4 Does he want to go home by bus Yes he does No he doesn t Unit1 My name s Gina 句型 1 What s your name My name s Jenny I m Jenny Jenny May I have your name Yes my name s Jenny What s his her name His Her name s Tony Gina 2 I m Tony Brown What s your full name My full name It is Tony Brown My first name is Tony My last name family name is Brown 3 What s your his her telephone phone number It s 555 3539 语法 1 形容词性物主代词 my 我的 your 你的 his her its 他 她 它的 our 我们的 your 你们的 their 他们的 后面需要接名词 修饰名词 做前置定语 在句中可作主语 宾语等成分 My book is here This is my book 2 主格 I you he she it we you they 在句中做主语 一般放句首 后面紧跟 am is are 及其他动词 I m a student She looks great Unit2 Is this your pencil 句型 1 Is this your pencil Yes it is 2 Is this my pen No it isn t 3 Is that his book Yes it is 4 How do you spell it Can you spell it please Spell it please 5 Call Alan at 495 3539 Call me him her them 给我 他 她 他们打电话 Call 4953539 拨打 4953539 Call sb at 电话号码 拨打 找某人 6 Is that your computer game in the lost and found case 7 a set of keys a set of 名词复数 语法 1 句中含 be am is are 一般疑问句的变法 把 be 提前 如果句中有 my 变 your I 变 you 其他的照抄不变 肯定回答 yes 主语 am is are 否定回答 No 主语 am not aren t isn t 注意 回答时主语如果是物品单数或者 this that 的话 用 it 替 代主语 如果是复数人和物品用 they 替代 2 be 动词的用法口诀 I am you are is 他 她 它 he she it 单数 is 复数 are Be 动 词跟随主语的变化而变化 5 Unit3 This is my sister 句型 1 Is this your sister No it isn t Is she your sister No she isn t 2 This is my friend These are my friends That is my brother Those are my brothers 3 Thanks for the photo of your family Here is my family photo photo of your family your family photo 语法 可数名词单数变复数 一般情况下加 s book books 以 s x sh ch 结尾的加 es watch watches 以辅音字母加 y 结尾的 把 y 改为 i 再加 es boy boys family families 以 o 结尾的有生命的加 es 无生命的加 s tomato tomatoes photo photos unit4 Where s my backpack 句型 Where s the baseball It s in the backpack Where s my computer game It s under the bed Where are his keys They re on the dresser Where are your books They re on the chair Where are her keys They re on the table Where are you I m at school Is it on the dresser No it isn t Please take these things to your sister Can you bring some things to school The book is on the floor 语法 1 询问人或物品在哪里 我们用 Where 结构为 where is are 人 物品名称 在 哪里 回答用 主语 is are in at under on near 地点 注意 表示 在 地方 地点前要用定冠词 the 或者形容词性物主代词 my your his their 修 饰 但是两者不能同时出现 我们可以说 in the room in my room 但是绝对不可以 in the my room 词语用法 1 take v 带走 把人或物品带到别的地方去 take to 把 带到 去 bring v 带来 把人或物品从别的地方带到说话的地方来 bring to 把 带 到 来 2 please 后接动词用原形 unit5 Do you have a soccer ball 句型 Do you have a TV Yes I do No I don t Do they have a computer Yes they do No they don t Does he have a tennis racket Yes he does No he doesn t Does she have a soccer ball Yes she does No she doesn t Does he have a ping pang ball Yes he does No he doesn t Let s play soccer Let me help you I don t have a soccer ball That sounds good 6 语法 1 句中不含 be am is are 动词的 一般疑问句的变法 也就是说句中谓语动词是实义 动词时 要变为一般疑问句 在句首加 do does 当主语是第三人称单数的时候 用 does 第一人称变第二人称 动词变原形其他的语序不变 I have a computer Do you have a computer She likes playing ping pang Does she like playing ping pang 肯定回答用 yes 主语 do does 否定回答用 No 主语 don t doesn t 2 一般句子中当主语是第三人称单数的时候 谓语动词要起变化 具体的变化为 一般情况加 s know knows 以 s x ch sh o 结尾的加 es teach teaches go goes 以 辅音字母加 y 结尾 把 y 改为 i 再加 es study studies 3 do does 叫做助动词 语法需要加上去翻译部出来的动词 时 后面接动词原形 Does he like reading She doesn t like reading She doesn t do her homework 但是如果做实义动词 能翻译出来意思的动词 呢 遇到主语第三人称单数就要起 变化 She does her homework 4 have 的第三人称单数为 has 5 let sb do sth 让某人做某事 sb 代表人 如果是代词用宾格 do 代表动词原形 6 play 球类 表示 踢 打 玩 play football play the 乐器 表示 弹奏 乐器 play the piano unit6 Do you like bananas 句型 Do you like salad Yes I do No I don t Does he like pears Yes he does No he doesn t I like oranges I don t like oranges Running star eats lots of healthy food 语法 句中谓语动词是实义动词的陈述句 变否定形式在实义动词前加 don t doesn t 主语 是第三人称单数时用 doesn t like doing sth like to do sth 喜欢做某事 I like swimming She likes to eat hamburgers Unit7 How much are these pants 句型 How much is the red sweater It s eight dollars What s the price of the red sweater It s eight dollars How much are these black pants They re ten dollars What s the price of these black pants They re ten dollars Can I help you What can I do for you Yes please I want a sweater What color do you want Blue Here you are How much is it Nine dollars I ll take it Anyone can afford our prices Come and see for yourself at Huaxing Clothes Store 7 We have sweaters at a very good price You can buy socks for only 1 each The girl in red is my friend The green shorts are on sale for 25 结构 询问价格 How much is are 物品名称 What s the price of 物品名称 多少钱 回答 It s They re 价格 Unit8 When is your birthday 句型 When is your birthday My birthday is November 11th When is Liu Ping s birthday Her birthday is on September 5th When is his birthday It s March 21st 语法 月份前用介词 in in May 在六月 但是具体到某一天用介词 on on May 1st Unit9 Do you want to go to a movie 句型 Do you want to go to a movie Yes I do No I don t Does he want to go to a movie Yes he does No he doesn t What kind of movies do you like I like action movies and comedies I like thrillers and l like Beijing Opera I like comedies but I don t like documentaries She often goes to see Chinese action movies on weekends She thinks she can learn about Chinese history He really likes his movies Mike father likes it too Mike s father also like it I think it s boring exciting interesting relaxing She is bored excited interested relaxed 语法 too also 也 都用于肯定句中 但是 also 用于句中 too 用于句末 且用逗号隔开 Unit10 Can you play the guitar 句型 Can you dance Yes I can No I can t Can he paint Yes he can No he can t Can she speak English Yes she can No she can t What club do you want to join We want to join the chess club I want to join the basketball club What can you do I can play the guitar Are you good with kids Can you help kids with swimming Come and join us Musicians wanted for school music festival Can you draw Yes a little I want to learn about art Do you have an e mail address 语法 一般疑问句总结 be 动词提前型 句首加助动词 do does 型 8 can could may will would 等情态动词开头型 回答一律用 yes No 回答 注意 助 动词和情态动词后接动词一定用原形 结构 1 join 与 join in 的区别 join 参加 指参加某项活动 join in 加入 着重加入某种组织 团体 政党并成为其中一员 2 help sb do sth help sb with doing sth 帮助某人做某事 3 be good at be well in 在 擅长 擅长于 be good for 对 有好处 be good with 和 相处的很好 4 learn about sth 学习有关于 Unit11 What time do you go to school 句型 What time do you usually get up I usually get up at five o clock What time does he eat breakfast He eats breakfast at seven o clock What time does she go to school She goes to school at eight o clock He brushes his teeth and has a shower What a funny time to eat breakfast To get to work he takes the number 17 bus to a hotel The bus usually takes him to work at 19 15 People love to listen to him He goes to bed at 8 30 Can you think what his job is Please write and tell me about your morning Please write soon 语法 1 时间表达法 1 直接表达法 8 20 eight twenty 2 间接表达法 分钟 to 时钟 表示 几点差几分 3 40 twenty to four 分钟 past 时钟 表示 几点过几分 3 20 twenty past three a quarter to three 3 15 three quarter past five 5 45 half past six 6 30 具体时间前用介词 at 表示在几点 2 What time 问具体的时间 具体到几点 When 问时间 范围比 what time 广 可以是具体的时间 也可以是大概的时间 结构 take sb to sp 带某人去某地 listen to 听 write to sb 写信给某人 tell sb about sth 告诉某人有关于某事 tell sb to do sth 告诉某人去做某事 Unit12 My favorite subject is science 9 句型 What s your favorite subject My favorite subject is math What s his favorite subject His favorite subject is art What s her favorite subject Her favorite subject is P E What subject do you like best I like math best Why do you like math Because it s interesting Why does he like art Because it s fun Who is your art teacher Our art teacher is Mrs Jones I m really busy doing my homework She is busy with her work I have science It s too difficult I m really tired of watching TV I like to play with my dog He is always running around with me 结构 1 favorite like best 最喜爱 2 be busy doing sth 忙于做某事 be busy with sth 忙于某事 3 be tired of doing sth 做 感到厌烦 10 七年级下册英语语法点总结七年级下册英语语法点总结 Unit 1 where s your pen pal from 一 短语 1 be from come from 来自于 2 live in 居住在 3 on weekends 在周末 4 write to sb write a letter to sb 给某人写信 写信给某人 5 in the world 在世界上 in China 在中国 6 pen pal 笔友 14 years old 14 岁 favorite subject 最喜欢的科目 7 the United States 美国 the United Kingdom 英国 New York 纽约 8 speak English 讲英语 like and dislike 爱憎 9 go to the movies 去看电影 play sports 做运动 二 重点句式 1 Where s your pen pal from Where does your pen pal from 2 Where does he live 3 What language s does he speak 4 I want a pen pal in China 5 I can speak English and a little French 6 Please write and tell me about yourself 7 Can you write to me soon 8 I like going to the movies with my friends and playing sports 三 本单元的国家 人民 语言对应 1 Canada Canadian English French 2 France French French 3 Japan Japanese Japanese 4 Australia Australian English 5 the United States American English 6 the United Kingdom British English Unit 2 Where s the post office 一 Asking ways 问路 1 Where is the nearest 最近的 在哪里 2 Can you tell me the way to 你能告诉我去 的路吗 3 How can I get to 我怎样到达 呢 4 Is there near here in the neighborhood 附近有 吗 5 Which is the way to 哪条是去 的路 二 Showing the ways 指路 11 1 Go straight down along this street 沿着这条街一直走 2 Turn left at the second turning 在第二个路口向左转 3 You will find it on your right 你会在你右手边发现它 4 It is about one hundred meters from here 离这里大约一百米远 5 You d better take a bus 你最好坐公交车去 You d better 动词原形 三 词组 1 Across from 在 的对面 across from the bank 在银行的对面 2 next to 紧靠 next to the supermarket 紧靠超市 3 Between and 在 和 之间 between the park and the zoo 在公园和动物园之间 among 表示位于三者或三者以上之间 4 in front of 在 前面 There is a tree in front of the classroom 课室前面有棵树 In the front of 在 内 的前部 There is a desk in the front of the classroom 课室内的前部有张桌子 5 Behind 在 后面 behind my house 在我家后面 6 turn left right 向左 右拐 on the left right of 在某物的左 右边 on the left of our school 在我们学校的左边 on one s left right 在某人的左 右边 on my left 在我左边 7 go straight 一直走 8 down along 沿着 街道 down along Center Street 沿着中央街 9 in the neighborhood near here 在附近 10 welcome to 欢迎来到 11 take have a walk 散步 12 The beginning of 的开始 前端 At the beginning of 在 的开始 前端 in the beginning 起初 一开始 13 have fun have a good time enjoy oneself 玩得开心 过得愉快 我昨天玩得很开心 I had fun yesterday I had a good time yesterday I enjoyed myself yesterday 14 have a good trip 旅途愉快 15 take a taxi 坐出租车 16 到达 get to 地方 get here there home 到这 那 家 arrive in 大地方 I arrive in Beijing arrive at 小地方 I arrive at the bank reach 地方 17 go across 从物体表面横过 go across the street 横过马路 go through 从空间穿过 go through the forest 穿过树林 12 18 on 街道的名称 Eg on Center Street at 具体门牌号 街道的名称 Eg at 6 Center Street 三 重难点解析 1 enjoy doing sth 享受做某事的乐趣 喜爱做某事 I enjoy reading 我喜爱读书 到目前为止 我们学了两个特殊的动词 finish 和 enjoy 都是要带 doing I finish cleaning the room 我扫完了这间屋子 2 hope to do sth 希望做某事 I hope to pass this exam 我希望通过这次考试 hope 从句 I hope tomorrow will be fine 我希望明天将会晴朗 从句即是一个小句子 这个小句子又放在大句子中 从属于大句子 所以叫从句 如 tomorrow will be fine 是一个从句 它又放在 I hope 的后面 形成句中有句 3 if 引导一个表示假设的句子 If I have much money I will go to the moon 如果我有许多钱 我就会去月球 If you are hungry you can buy some food in the supermarket 如果你饿了的话 你可以在超市买一些食物 四 本单元的反义词 近义词配对 1new old 2 quiet busy 3 dirty clean 4 big small Unit 3 Why do you like koala bears 一 重点词组 Eat grass eat leaves be quiet very shy very smart very cute Play with her friends kind of South Africa other animals at night in the day every day during the day 二 交际用语 1 Why do you like pandas Because they re very clever 2 Why does he like koalas Because they re kind of interesting 3 Where are lions from They are from South Africa 4 What other animals do you like I like dogs too Why Because they re friendly and clever 5 Molly likes to play with her friends and eat grass 6 She s very shy 7 He is from Australia 8 He sleeps during the day but at night he gets up and eats leaves 9 He usually sleeps and relaxes 20 hours every day 10 Let s see the pandas first 11 They re kind of interesting 12 What other animals do you like 13 Why do you want to see the lions 三 重点难点释义 1 kind of 有点 稍微 Koala bears are kind of shy 考拉有点害羞 kind 还有 种类 的意思 13 如 各种各样的 all kinds of We have all kinds of beautiful flowers in our school 2 China n 中国 Africa n 非洲 China 和 Africa 都是专有名词 首字母都应该大写 而且和介词 in 连用 There are many kinds of tigers in China There are many kinds of scary animals in Africa 3 friendly adj 友好的 和蔼可亲的 它是名词 friend 的形容词形式 常常和 be 动词连用 be friendly The people in Chengdu are very friendly 4 with prep 跟 同 和 在一起 I usually play chess with my father 注意区别与 and 的用法 and 通常用于连接主语或宾语 连接主语时 如果有 I I 通常放在 and 之后 如 My father and I usually play chess together Play with 和 一起玩耍 玩 I often play with my pet dog Don t play with water 5 day 和 night 是一对反义词 day 表示白天或一天 night 表示夜或夜晚 通常说 in the day during the day at night Koala bears often sleep during the day and eat leaves at night 6 leaf n 叶子 复数形式为 leaves 类似的变化还有 wife wives wolf wolves knife knives 等 7 hour n 小时 点钟 hour 前边通常加上冠词 an 表示 一个小时 即 an hour There are 24 hours in a day and 60minutes in an hour 8 be from 来自 be from come from Pandas are from China Pandas come form China 9 meat n 食用的 肉 为不可数名词 表示 许多 时 使用 much 来修 饰 即 much meat He eats much meat every day 10 grass n 草 为不可数名词 表示 许多 时 使用 much 来修饰 即 much grass There is much grass on the playground 四 语法知识 特殊疑问句通常以 what who which when where how how old how many 等开头 对某一具体问题进行提问 特殊疑问句的基本构成有两种情况 1 疑问句 一般疑问句结构 这是最常见的情况 例如 What s your grandfather s telephone number 你爷爷的电话号码是多少 Who is that boy with big eyes 那个大眼睛的男孩是谁 Which season do you like best 你最喜欢哪个季节 When is he going to play the piano 他什么时候弹钢琴 Where does he live 他住在哪儿 14 How are you 你好吗 How old are you 你多大了 How many brothers and sisters do you have 你有几个兄弟姐妹 2 疑问句 陈述句结构 这时疑问词作主语或修饰主语 例如 Who is on duty today 今天谁值日 Which man is your teacher 哪位男士是你的老师 我们学过的 What How about 名词 代词 其他 也是特殊疑问句 它是一种省略结构 例如 I like English What How about you 我喜欢英语 你呢 What about playing basketball 打篮球怎么样 Unit 4 I want to be an actor 一 短语 1 want to do sth 想要作某事 2 give sb sth give sth to sb 给某人某物 把某物给某人 3 help sb do sth 帮助某人作某事 Eg I want to help my mother do some housework at home 4 help sb with sth 帮助某人谋事 Eg I want to help my mother with some housework at home 5 in the day 在白天 6 at night 在晚上 7 talk with to sb 和 谈话 8 be busy doing sth 忙于做某事 Eg He is busy listening to the teacher 9 in a hospital 在医院 10 work study hard 努力工作 11 Evening Newspaper 晚报 二 重点句式及注意事项 1 询问职业的特殊疑问词是 what 有三种主要句式 What is are sb What does do sb do What is are 名词所有格 形容词性物主代词 job 2 People give me their money or get their money from me 3 Sometimes I work in the day and sometimes at night 4 I like