研究生英语读写译ppt课件.ppt

Unit13WesternCulture 1 Objectives Youwillbeableto1 Graspthemainideaofthetext Whatdoestheauthorwanttotellusinthetext 2 Understandthestructureofthetext Howdoesheorganizehisidea 3 Masterthekeylanguagepointsandgrammaticalstructure LearntoexpressyourideainEnglishbyusingthevocabulary expressionsandsentencepatternsyou velearntintext 4 Understandthethemeoftheunit showbusiness media andconductaseriesofreading listening speakingandwritingactivesrelatedtoit5 Learntowriteasummary 6 Learnthetranslationskills 虚实对译 2 Preview Readthetextcarefully andmarkwhereyouhaveanyquestion Answerthesixquestionsoftextcomprehension page274 Writetheanswersonyourtextbook Analyzethestructureofthetextandgivethemainideasofeachpart page274 Preparepre readingtasks onyourtextbook 3 DoyoulikewatchingTV Whatkindofprogramdoyoulike DoesTVmakeanydifferencetoyourlifeandifitdoes whatisit Whatrolesdoyouthinkshowbusinessplaywhollyspeaking inpeople sdailylife andinthedevelopmentofeconomy Lead inquestions 4 AreyouobsessedwithTV 5 6 新闻节目newsprogram纪录片documentary体育赛事sportsevent娱乐节目entertainmentprogram综艺节目varietyshow谈话节目 脱口秀talkshow选秀节目 真人秀realityshow相亲节目datingshow电视剧TVseries电影movie动漫cartoon电视广告TVadvertisement 7 IftherewerenoTV Iwouldn tbenear sighted IftherewerenoTV ImightnotgetinterestedinEnglish 若与现在事实相反 虚拟语气的条件从句的谓语用过去式 be通常用were 主句谓语用 should would could might 动词原形 IftherewerenoTV Ishould would could might IftherewerenoTV Ishould would could mightnot 8 Indailylife theshowbusinessplay apositiverole relaxyou makeyoulaugh youcanfollowthelatesttrendoffashionandthought anegativerole awasteoftimeasyoucan tlearnmuchfromit distractyoufromseriousissues 9 TheWashingtonD C basedMotionPictureAssociationofAmerica美国电影协会 orMPAA recentlyhostedaconferenceonTheBusinessofShowBusiness whichwasdesignedtoraiseawarenessinWashingtonaboutthecontributionsthefilmindustrymakestothenationaleconomy AccordingtoCaliforniaGovernorArnoldSchwarzenegger thefilmindustryisagiantengineofeconomicgrowth employingmorethan750 000peopleandboastingasurplusbalanceoftradewitheverysinglecountryintheworld 10 Economic socialandcultureeffect goodside promotetheeconomicdevelopment createemploymentopportunities createspiritualenjoyment contributetonationalcultureformation badside distractpeoplefromseriousissues misguideaudience haveabadinfluenceonsocialclimate pursuingfunbecomessomepeople slifegoal HowdoesshowbusinesschangeAmericanculture 11 NeilPostman March8 1931 October5 2003 anAmericanauthor mediatheoristandculturalcritic whoisbestknownbythegeneralpublicforhis1985bookabouttelevision AmusingOurselvestoDeath Postmanwasahumanist whobelievedthatnewtechnologycouldneversubstituteforhumanvalues Backgroundinformation 12 AmusingOurselvestoDeathPostman sbestknownbook publishedin1985 ahistoricalnarrativewhichdeploresthedeclineofthecommunicationmediumastelevisionimageshavereplacedthewrittenword Postmanarguesthattelevisionconfoundsseriousissueswithentertainment demeaningandunderminingpoliticaldiscoursebymakingitlessaboutideasandmoreaboutimage Healsoarguesthattelevisionisnotaneffectivewayofprovidingeducation asitprovidesonlytop downinformationtransfer ratherthantheinteractionthathebelievesisnecessarytomaximizelearning Backgroundinformation 13 HedrawsontheideasofmediatheoristMarshallMcLuhantoarguethatdifferentmediaareappropriatefordifferentkindsofknowledge anddescribeshoworal literate andtelevisualculturesvalueandtransferinformationindifferentways Hestatesthat19thcenturyAmericawasthepinnacleofrationalargument anAgeofReason inwhichthedominantcommunicationmediumwastheprintedword Duringthisperiod complicatedargumentscouldbetransmittedwithoutoversimplification AmusingOurselvestoDeathwastranslatedintoeightlanguagesandsold200 000copiesworldwide Thispassageisanexcerptfromthebook Backgroundinformation 14 WhatisShowBusiness Backgroundinformation 15 ShowBusiness sometimesshortenedtoshowbiz isatermforallaspectsofentertainmentfromthebusinessside includingmanagers agents producersanddistributors tothecreativeelement includingartists performers writersandmusicians Thetermwasincommonusagethroughoutthe20thcentury Backgroundinformation 16 Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout ThistexthasmainlydiscussedTV simpactonAmericanculture Textstructure 17 What sthetextstructure Part1 introduction tointroducetheargumentandtheauthor sideaaboutit Part2 illustrationofthetopicPart3 conclusion Americaisbecomingacultureofshowbusiness Textstructure para 1topara 2 para 3topara 11 para 12 18 Part1Part2Part3 Textstructure Para 2introducingtheauthor sideaontherelationshipbetweenTVandliteracy TV literateculture Para 1introducingthetopicofthetextbyan ontherelationshipbetween and Para 3givingthefourquestionspart2willelaborateandillustrateonthetopic Para 4 5illustratingthefirstquestion Para6 7illustratingthesecondquestion Para8 10illustratingthethirdquestion Para 11illustratingthefourthquestion Para 12 ironicstory TV literacy attacksratherthansupports whatistelevision whatkindsofconversationsdoesitpermit whataretheintellectualtendenciesitencourages whatsortofculturedoseitproduce Americaisbecomingacultureofshowbusiness 19 PartOneAstory para 1 whathappened Whythisstory Author sideaonthetopic para 2 what shisidea Detailreading 20 1 NeilPostmanbeganthearticlewithastory Canyouretellthestoryinyourownwords 2 Whatis rearviewmirror thinking Canyougiveanexampletoillustrateit 3 WhydoestheauthorsaythatthehopethattelevisioncanbeusedtosupporttheliteratetraditionrepresentswhatMarshallMcLuhanusedtocallthe rearviewmirror thinking DoesPostmanagreewithMcluhan Detailreading 21 WordsandExpressions quixotic kwik s tik DonQuixote ki h uti 堂吉诃德Ifyoudescribesomeone sideasorplansasquixotic youmeanthattheyareimaginativeorhopefulbutunrealistic 22 4 Afterawhiffofpanic whichhewastobetested line3para 1 Findoutthebasiccomponents subject predicate object andadjunctivecomponents attribute adverbial ofthissentence andthentranslateit 5 Translatethesentence Suchahoperepresents apowerfulcandle line2 para 2 6 Tomakesuchamistakeinthematterathandistomisconstrueentirelyhowtelevisionredefinesthemeaningofpublicdiscourse Findoutthepredicateofthissentence andthentranslateit Detailreading 23 Becausethe therearviewthinking believesthatanewmedium TV ismerelyanextensionoramplificationofanoldone book Buttheauthordoesnotagreewiththisthinking becausehethinksthattelevisiondoesnotextendoramplifyliterateculture Itattacksit 24 Afterawhiffofpanic hewasabletorestorebothhisequanimityandhischancesforasatisfactorygradebyturningonthetelevisionset turningoffthesound andwithhisbacktotheset usingitslighttoreadimportantpassagesonwhichhewastobetested Althoughthisisthelongestsentenceinpart1 itisasimplesentence Canyouanalyzethestructureandfinditsbasiccomponents Detailreading 25 BasiccomponentsHewasabletorestorebothhisequanimityhischancesforasatisfactorygradeAdjunctivecomponentsAfterawhiffofpanicbyturningonthetelevisionsetturningoffthesound andwithhisbacktotheset usingitslighttoreadimportantpassagesonwhichhewastobetested Detailreading Subject compoundpredicate object adverbialofmanner adverbialoftime 26 Afterawhiffofpanic hewasabletorestorebothhisequanimityandhischancesforasatisfactorygradebyturningonthetelevisionset turningoffthesound andwithhisbacktotheset usingitslighttoreadimportantpassagesonwhichhewastobetested 片刻惊慌之后 他恢复了平静 也为取得满意的成绩赢得了可能性 他打开电视 关掉声音 背对着电视机 借助电视机微弱的光线复习第二天要测试的材料 Detailreading 27 SuchahoperepresentsexactlywhatMarshallMcLuhanusedtocall rearviewmirror thinking theassumptionthatanewmediumismerelyanextensionoramplificationofanolderone thatanautomobile forexample isonlyafasthorse oranelectriclight apowerfulcandle Thedifficultpointinthissentenceisthatitcontainsmanyfragments Ifwereorganizeit you llfinditmucheasiertounderstand Stillpayattentiontoitsbasicstructure Detailreading 28 Suchahope subject represents predicate exactlywhatMarshallMcLuhanusedtocall rearviewmirror thinking objectclause theassumptionthatanewmediumismerelyanextensionoramplificationofanolderone theassumptionthatanautomobileisonlyafasthorse oranelectriclightisonlyapowerfulcandle connectstwoparallelsentenceswhichelaborate rearviewmirror thinking thefirstsentenceisanexplanationandthesecondonegivesexamples Detailreading 29 SuchahoperepresentsexactlywhatMarshallMcLuhanusedtocall rearviewmirror thinking theassumptionthatanewmediumismerelyanextensionoramplificationofanolderone thatanautomobile forexample isonlyafasthorse oranelectriclight apowerfulcandle 这种幻想被马歇尔 麦克卢汉称为 后视镜 思维 认为新鲜事物只是旧事物的延伸或扩大 比如汽车 只是一匹快马 电灯 只是一盏明亮的蜡烛 Detailreading 30 Tomakesuchamistakeinthematterathandistomisconstrueentirelyhowtelevisionredefinesthemeaningofpublicdiscourse Thedifficultpointhereisthattherearetoomanyverbs butonlyoneisthepredicate Canyoufindit Twoinfinitives tomake tomisconstrue actassubjectandpredicative andtheonlypredicateis is Detailreading 31 Tomakesuchamistakeinthematterathandistomisconstrueentirelyhowtelevisionredefinesthemeaningofpublicdiscourse 以这种思维看待电视机 完全误解了电视是如何重新界定公共话语的意义 Detailreading 32 solitary a alone withoutcompanions过着独居的生活leadasolitarylife b fondofbeingalone usedtobeingalone喜欢离群索居的人asolitarykindofpersonDistinguish alone lonely solitaryAloneemphasizesbeingapartfromothersbutdoesnotnecessarilyimplyunhappiness LonelyoftenconnotespainfulawarenessofbeingaloneSolitarystressesphysicalisolationthatisself imposed WordsandExpressions 33 whiff a faintsmellorpuffofairorsmoke闻到一股香水味儿catchawhiffofperfume ofcigarsmoke吸一点儿新鲜空气haveawhiffoffreshair有点危险 丑事 怀疑awhiff ieatraceorhint ofdanger scandal suspicion b Smallamountbreathedin他吸了几口雪茄 烟斗Hetookafewwhiffs ieofacigar pipe etc WordsandExpressions 34 equanimityaformalwordequanimityisacalmstateofmindandattitudetolife sothatyouneverloseyourtemperorbecameupset她在长期的苦难中心情一直都很平静 Shemaintainedherequanimitythroughoutherlongordeal WordsandExpressions 35 illuminatevt a providesth withlight用泛光灯照亮球场illuminatethefootballpitchwithfloodlights b makesth clear helptoexplain解释书中难懂的段落illuminateadifficultpassageinabookIlluminatingadj particularlyrevealingorhelpful很有启发的谈话illuminatingtalkilluminationn illuminatingorbeingilluminated sourceof light Wordsandexpressions 36 amplificationamplify a increase sth insizeorstrength增大声音 电流 信号amplifythesound electriccurrent signal b adddetailsto astory ect makefuller我们得请你对你的说法作进一步的说明 Wemustaskyoutoamplifyyourstatement amplifierdeviceforamplifying especiallysoundsorradiosignals 放大器 尤指 扩音器 扩大器 扬声器 WordsandExpressions 37 misconstrueconstrue interpret makesenseofmisconstrue interpretinthewrongwayWhattheprefix mis means Canyougiveusmoreexamples WordsandExpressions 38 mis bad inappropriate misbehave mismanagement wrong misspelling misjudge lack opposite mischance mistrust WordsandExpressions 39 PartTwoWhatisTV para 4 5 1 WhatisTV Theauthordoesn tgiveusadirectdefinitionoftelevisionbutananalogy 类比 Canyoufollowtheauthor sthinkingandfindouttheanalogy Youcanuseadiagramtoillustratetheirrelations Thekeywords technology medium brain mind Detailreading 40 Wemustunderstandasafirstpointthatwearenottalkingabouttelevisionasatechnologybuttelevisionasamedium Therefore TVinthistextrefersnottothemachinetheTVset buttotheuse thesocialandintellectualenvironmentTVcreates Detailreading Undercertaincondition technologycanbecomeamedium Whatisthecondition medium machine physicalapparatus brain technology mind use whatthismachinecreate 41 apparatusn a thetoolsorotherpiecesofequipmentthatareneededforaparticularactivityortask 实验室设备laboratoryapparatus b complexstructureofanorganization整个政府机构thewholeapparatusofgovernment c systemofbodilyorgans呼吸器官 Wordsandexpressions therespiratoryapparatus 42 insinuate a sth tosb suggeststh tosb unpleasantlyandindirectly usedshowingdisapprovalAreyouinsinuatingthatIamaliar 你绕来绕去是否暗指我撒谎 b sth oneselfintosth Placesth oneselfsmoothlyandstealthilyintosth usedshowingdisapprovalinsinuateoneselfintosb sfavor巧妙地逐渐取得某人的宠信 WordsandExpressions 43 inherent insb sth existingasanaturalorpermanentfeatureorqualityofsb sth天生对外国人的不信任aninherentdistrustofforeigners设计本身存在的弱点aninherentweaknessinadesign WordsandExpressions 44 predisposition to towardssth todosth 喜欢挑人毛病的癖性易患风湿的的体质predispose a sb to towardsth influencesb inaspecificway inadvance他早年所受的教养是他热衷于冒险活动 Hisearlytrainingdisposedhimtoalifeofadventure b esp passive sb tosth causesb tobeliabletosth 因气候潮湿 居民易患风湿病 Theinhabitantsarepredisposedtorheumatismbythedampclimate WordsandExpressions apredispositiontocriticizeothers apredispositiontowardsrheumatism 45 What skindsofconversationsdoesitpermit para 6 7 1 Whatkindofmediumistelevisioninmanyotherplacesintheword 2 WhatkindofmediumistelevisioninAmerica 3 Whatconsequencewillthesedifferencesbringabout Detailreading 46 Manyplacesintheworld TVonlypermitsminimumconversationsorconversationbetweenthegovernmentanditspeople InAmerica TVpermitsfreeconversations Therefore Americantelevisionisaveryinfluentialmedium anditsprogramisindemandandloved Detailreading 47 Attributiveclausesarefrequentlyusedinthistext Let slookatthefollowingsentence Irefertoplaceswherethemajorityofpeopledohaveonlyone whereonlyonestationisavailable wheretelevisiondoesnotoperatearoundtheclock wheremostprogramshaveastheirpurposethedirectfurtheranceofgovernmentideologyandpolicy wherecommercialsareunknown and talkingheads aretheprincipalimage wheretelevisionismostlyusedasifitwereradio Howmanyattributiveclausesithas What sthemainclauseandwhat stheantecedent Detailreading 48 Thissentencecontainssixparallelattributiveclause sotheyhavethesameantecedent places Theonlymainclauseis Irefertoplaces 这些地方的人们大多只有一台电视机 只有一个电视台 电视机并非24小时不停运转 大多电视节目就是为了推行政府的意识形态和政策 没有商业广告 电视上尽是讲话的人头 电视机的功能更像是台收音机 Detailreading 49 ForthesereasonsandmoretelevisionwillnothavethesamemeaningorpowerasitdoesinAmerica whichistosay itispossibleforatechnologytobesousedthatitspotentialitiesarepreventedfromdevelopinganditssocialconsequenceskepttoaminimum Payattentiontotheattributiveclauseinthissentence Whattherelativepronoun which refersto Detailreading 50 Innon restrictiveattributiveclause thesubordinateclausecantakethewholemainclauseasantecedentandmodifyit Thatistosay which herereferstothewholemainclause ForthesereasonsandmoretelevisionwillnothavethesamemeaningorpowerasitdoesinAmerica Detailreading 51 ForthesereasonsandmoretelevisionwillnothavethesamemeaningorpowerasitdoesinAmerica whichistosay itispossibleforatechnologytobesousedthatitspotentialitiesarepreventedfromdevelopinganditssocialconsequenceskepttoaminimum 基于上述种种原因 这些地方的电视没有美国电视具有的意义或影响力 在这些地方 技术的潜能无法挖掘 其社会影响被控制在最小范围 Detailreading 52 ButinAmerica thishasnotbeenthecase Televisionhasfoundinliberaldemocracyandarelativelyfreemarketeconomyanurturingclimateinwhichitsfullpotentialitiesasatechnologyofimagescouldbeexploited 在自由民主 相对自由的市场经济条件下 电视有了培育的土壤 图像技术的潜能可以得到充分地开发 Detailreading 53 ideologyn asetofbeliefs especiallyoneheldbyaparticularlygroup thatinfluencesthewaypeoplebehave根据马克思主义的思想体系accordingtoMarxistideology WordsandExpressions 54 furtherancetheactorprocessofhelpingsomethingprogressorbedone 他将进入大学继续深入学习 He sgonetotheuniversityforthefurtheranceofhisstudies furtherv helptheprogressordevelopmentofsth promote提高某人的兴趣推动和平事业 WordsandExpressions furthersb sinterests furtherthecauseofpeace 55 potentiality esppl theabilitytodeveloporcomeintoexistance具有很大潜力的国家acountrywithgreatpotentialitiesPotentialadj thatcanormaycomeintoexistence inexistenceandcapableofbeingdevelopedorused可能引起冲突的根源apotentialsourceofconflictn potential forsth possibilityofbeingdevelopedorused qualiti WordsandExpressions 56 Whataretheintellectualtendenciesitencourages para 8 10 1 WhyAmericantelevisionisloved 2 Americantelevisionisveryentertaining Isitwrong Intheauthor sopinion whatistherealproblem 3 WhatisinthenatureofTVasamedium 4 Whatintellectualtendenciestelevisionencourages Detailreading 57 AmericanTVisdevotedentirelytosupplyingitsaudiencewithentertainment TheproblemisnotthatTVpresentsuswithentertainingsubjectmatterbutthatallsubjectmatterispresentedasentertaining ItisinthenatureofTVthatitmustsuppressthecontentofideasinordertoaccommodatethevaluesofshowbusiness TVinAmericaencouragesanentertainingintellectualtendency Detailreading 58 WhatIamclaiminghereisnotthattelevisionisentertainingbutthatithasmadeentertainmentitselfthenaturalformatfortherepresentationofallexperience ithasmadeentertainmentthenaturalwaytorepresentallexperience我并不反对电视节目具有娱乐性 可问题是电视使得娱乐成为表现一切的自然方式 Detailreading 59 Thesinglemostimportantfactabouttelevisionisthatpeoplewatchit whichiswhyitiscalled television Televisiontele visionSotelevisionisasystemofsendingpicturesbyelectricalsignalsoveradistancesothatpeoplecanwatchthesepicturesfromdistance Detailreading indistance sight whatyousee 60 Canyouexplainthefollowingwords Telephone telegraph telescopetele phonetele graphtele scope Detailreading indistance indistance indistance sound writing fieldofvision 61 glitteringshiningbrightlywithmanysmallflashesoflightglitter withsth shinebrightlywithlittlesharpflashesoflight sparkle天空中闪烁的星星starsglitteringinthesky WordsandExpressions 62 shotphotographorscenephotographed远镜头alongshot政治家演讲的镜头ashotofthepoliticianmakingaspeech WordsandExpressions 63 craftv usu passive makesth skillfully esp byhand这只银高脚杯制作精良 Thissilvergobletiscrafted n occupation esp oneneedsskillintheuseofhands suchskillortechnique陶器业thepotter scraft他演技精湛Heisamasterofactor scraft WordsandExpressions 64 communion U withsb sth stateofsharingorexchangingthesamethoughtsorfeelings与大自然情感交融的诗人poetswhoareincommunionwithnature WordsandExpressions 65 unalterablethatcannotbechangedalterablethatcanbealteredalter causesth sb to becomedifferent changeincharacter position size shape etc 我没认出他来 因为他变了许多 Ididn trecognizehimbecausehehadalteredsomuch WordsandExpressions 66 Whatsortofculturedoesitproduce para 11 Howdopeopleknowabouttheirculturetoday Whattheeffectdoesthisdominantmediumbringtotheculture shaping Keywords entertainment ontheTVscreen offthescreen Detailreading 67 PeoplelearnabouttheirculturethroughTVandbelievewhatthey velearntisrealandproper Theeffectisthatthemediumoftelevisionhasbecomethedominantfactorinthecreationofsocialimages Thus TVproducesacultureofentertainingbothonandoffthescreen Detailreading 68 Televisionisourculture sprincipalmodeofknowingabouti