补全短文专项训练

补全短文专项训练补全短文专项训练 一 一 Development in Newspaper Organization One of the most important developments in newspaper organization during the first part of the twentieth century 1 which are known as wire services Wire service companies employed reporters who covered stories all over the world Their news reports were sent to papers throughout the country by telegraph The papers paid an annual fee for this service Wire services continue 2 Today the major wire services are the Associated Press AP and United Press International UPI You will frequently find AP or UPI at the beginning of a news story Newspaper chains and mergers began to appear in the early 1900s A chain consists of two or more newspapers 3 A merger involves combining two or more papers into one During the nineteenth century many cities had more than one competitive independent paper Today in most cities there are only one or two newspapers and 4 Often newspapers in several cities belong to one chain Papers have combined 5 Chains and mergers have cut down production costs and brought the advantages of big business methods to the newspaper industry A to play an important role in newspaper operations B was the growth of telegraph services C and they usually enjoy great prestige D they are usually operated by a single owner E in order to survive under the pressure of rising costs F owned by a single person or organization KEY BAFDE 二 二 The Building of the Pyramids The oldest stone buildings in the world are the pyramids They have stood for nearly 5 000 years and it seems like that 1 There are over eighty of them scattered along the banks of the Nile some of which are different in shape from the true pyramids The most famous of these are the Step pyramid and the Bent pyramid Some of the pyramids still look much the same as they must have done when they were built thousands of years ago Most of the damage suffered by the others has been at the hands of men who were looking for treasure or more often 2 The dry climate of Egypt has helped to preserve the pyramids and their very shape 3 These are good reasons why they can still be seen today but perhaps the most important is that they were planned to last for ever It is practically certain that plans were made for the building of the pyramids 4 However there are no writings or pictures to show us how the Egyptians planned or built the pyramids themselves Consequently we are only able to guess at the methods used Nevertheless by examining the actual pyramids and various tools which have been found archaeologists have formed a fairly clear picture of them One thing is certain there must have been months of careful planning 5 The first thing they had to do was to choose a suitable place You may think this would have been easy with miles and miles of empty desert around but a pyramid could not be built just anywhere Certain rules had to be followed and certain problems had to be overcome EXERCISE A for stone to use in modern buildings B has made them less likely to fall into ruin C before they could begin to build D because the plans of other large works have fortunately been preserved E while building the pyramids F they will continue to stand for thousands of years yet Key FABDC 三 三 Einstein Named Person of Century Albert Einstein whose theories on space time and matter helped unravel the secrets of the atom and of the universe was chosen as Person of the Century by Time magazine on Sunday A man whose very name is synonymous with scientific genius Einstein has come to represent 1 the flowering of 20th century scientific thought that set the stage for the age of technology The world has changed far more in the past 100 years than in any other century in history The reason is not political or economic but technological technologies 2 wrote theoretical physicist Stephen Hawking in a Time essay explaining Einsteins significance Clearly no scientist better represents those advances than Albert Einstein Time chose as runner up President Franklin Roosevelt to represent the triumph of freedom and democracy over fascism and Mahatma Gandhi as an icon for a century when civil and human rights became crucial factors in global politics What we saw Franklin Roosevelt embodying the great theme of freedoms fight against totalitarianism Gandhi personifying the great theme of individuals struggling for their rights and Einstein being both a great genius and a great symbol of a scientific revolution that brought with it amazing technological advances 3 said Time Magazine Editor Walter Isaacson Einstein was born in Ulm Germany in 1879 In his early years Einstein did not show the promise of what he was to become He was slow to learn to speak and did not do well in elementary school He could not stomach organized learning and loathed taking exams In1905 however he was to publish a theory which stands as one of the most intricate examples of human imagination in history In his Special Theory of Relativity Einstein described how the only constant in the universe is the speed of light Everything else mass weight space even time itself is a variable And he offered the world his now famous equation energy equals mass times the speed of light squared E mc2 Indirectly relativity paved the way for a new relativism in morality art and politics Isaacson wrote in an essay 4 There was less faith in absolutes not only of time and space but also of truth and morality Einsteins famous equation was also the seed that led to the development of atomic energy and weapons In1939 six years after he fled European fascism and settled at Princeton University Einstein an avowed pacifist signed a letter to President Roosevelt urging the United States to develop an atomic bomb before Nazi Germany did Roosevelt heeded the advice and formed the Manhattan Project 5 Einstein did not work on the project Einstein died in Princeton New Jersey in 1955 A explaining Times choices B how he thought of the relativity theory C more than any other person D that secretly developed the first atomic weapon E that flowed directly from advances in basic science F that helped expand the growth of freedom Key CEFAD 四 四 Supermarket Supermarket is a type of retailing institution that has a moderately broad product assortment spanning groceries and some nonfood lines that ordinarily emphasizes price in either an offensive or defensive way As a method supermarket retailing features several related product lines a high degree of self service largely centralized checkout and competitive prices The supermarket approach to retailing is used to sell various kinds of merchandise 1 The term supermarket usually refers to an institution in the grocery retailing field Most supermarkets emphasize price Some use price offensively by featuring low prices in order to attract customers Other supermarkets use price more defensively by relying on leader pricing to avoid a price disadvantage Since supermarkets typically have very thin gross margins they need high levels of inventory turnover to achieve satisfactory returns on invested capital Supermarkets originates in the early 1930s They were established by independents 2 Supermarkets were an immediate success and the innovation was soon adopted by chain stores In recent decades supermarkets have added various nonfood lines to provide customers with one stop shopping convenience and to improve overall gross margins Today stores using the supermarket method of retailing are dominant in grocery retailing However different names are used to distinguish these institutions 3 A superstore is a larger version of the supermarket It offers more grocery and nonfood items 4 Many supermarket chains are emphasizing superstores in their new construction Combination stores are usually even larger than superstore They too offer more groceries and nonfoods than a supermarket but also most product lines found in a large drugstore Some combination stores are joint ventures between supermarkets and drug chains such as Kroger and Sav on For many years the supermarket has been under attack from numerous competitors For example a grocery shopper can choose among not only many brands of supermarkets but also various types of institutions warehouse stores gourmet shops meat and fish markets and convenience stores Supermarkets have reacted to competitive pressures 5 Some cut costs and stressed low prices by offering more private brands and generic products and few customer services Others expanded their store size and assortments by adding more nonfood lines especially products found in drugstores groceries attuned to a particular market area foods that appeal to a specific ethnic group for example and various service departments including video rentals restaurants delicatessens financial institutions and pharmacies A by size and assortment B than a conventional supermarket does C including building materials office products and of course groceries D attracting more customers with their low prices E primarily in either of two ways F to compete with grocery chains KEYS CFABE 五 五 Looking to the Future When a magazine for high school students asked its readers what life would be like in twenty years they said Machines would be run by solar power Buildings would rotate so they could follow the sun to take maximum advantage of its light and heat Walls would radiate light and change color with the push of a button Food would be replaced by pills School would be taught by electrical impulse while we sleep Cars would have radar Does this sound like the year 2000 Actually and the question was what will life be like in 1978 The future is much too important to simply guess about the way the high school students did so experts are regularly asked to predict accurately By carefully studying the present skilled businessmen scientists and politicians are supposedly able to figure out in advance what will happen But can they One expert on cities wrote but would have space for farms and fields People would travel to work in airbuses large all weather helicopters carrying up to 200 passengers When a person left the airbus station he could drive a coin operated car equipped with radar The radar eq