英语语言学复习试题加资料

第一部分第一部分 选择题选择题 I Directions Read each of the following statements carefully Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A B C or D in the brackets 2 10 20 1 As modern linguistics aims to describe and analyze the language people actually use and not to lay down rules for correct linguistic behavior it is said to be A prescriptive B sociolinguisticC descriptive D psycholinguistic 2 Of all the speech organs the is are the most flexible A mouth B lips C tongue D vocal cords 3 The morpheme vision in the common word television is a n A bound morpheme B bound form C inflectional morpheme D free morpheme 4 A in the embedded clause refers to the introductory word that introduces the embedded clause A coordinator B particle C preposition D subordinator 主从连词 5 Can I borrow your bike You have a bike A is synonymous with B is inconsistent with C entails D presupposes 6 The branch of linguistics that studies how context influences the way speakers interpret sentences is called A semantics B pragmatics C sociolinguistics D psycholinguistics 7 Grammatical changes may be explained in part as analogic changes which are or generalization 泛化 A elaboration B simplification 精简 C external borrowing D internal borrowing 8 refers to a marginal language of few lexical items and straightforward grammatical rules used as a medium of communication A Lingua franca 通用语 B Creole C Pidgin D Standard language 标准语言 9 Psychologists neurologists and linguists have concluded that in addition to the motor area which is responsible for physical articulation of utterances three areas of the left brain are vital to language namely A Broca s area Wernicke s area and the angular gyrus 角回 B Broca s area Wernicke s area and cerebral cortex C Broca s area Wernicke s area and neurons D Broca s area Wernicke s area and Exner s area 10 According to Krashen refers to the gradual and subconcious development of ability in the first language by using it naturally in daily communicative situations A learning B competenceC performance D acquisition 1 The pair of words lend and borrow are A gradable opposites B relational opposites C co hyponyms D synonyms 2 The discovery of Indo European language family began with the work of the British scholar A Jacob Grimm B Rasmus Rask C Franz Bopp D Sir William Jones 3 A linguist regards the changes in language and language use as A unusual B something to be feared C abnormal D natural 4 produce fast and fluent speech with good intonation and pronunciation but the content of their speech ranges from mildly inappropriate to complete nonsense often as unintelligible A Broca s aphasic B The linguistic deprivation C The damage on the angular gyrus D Wernicke s aphasic 5 Some Southern learners of English in China tend to say night as light This shows A They cannot pronounce n B Interlangue interference because there is notthe sound n in their mother tongue C The teachers do not have a good teaching method D They do not like to pronounce nasal sounds 6 A word with several meanings is called word A a polysemous B a synonymous C an abnormal D a multiple 7 The function of the sentence A nice day isn t it is A informative B phatic C directive D performative 8 The most recognizable differences between American English and British English are in and vocabulary A usage B grammar C pronunciation D structure 9 deals with the way in which a language varies through geographical space A Linguistic geography B Lexicology C Lexicography D Sociolinguistics 10 The semantic components of the word gentleman can be expressed as A animate male human adult B animate male human adult C animate male human adult D animate male human adult 1 B 2 D 3 D4 D 5 B6 A 7 B 8 C 9 A 10 B 1 The famous quotation from Shakespeare s play Romeo and Juliet A rose by any other name would smell as sweet well illustrates A the conventional nature of language B the creative nature of language C the universality of language D the big difference between human language and animal communication 2 Of the following sound combinations only is permissible according to the sequential rules in English A kibl B bkil C ilkb D ilbk 3 The sentence that has a NP and a VP can be shown in a formula S NP VP A hierarchical B linear C tree diagram D vertical 4 It is the on Case assignment that states that a Case assignor and a Case recipient should stay adjacent to each other A Case Condition B parameter C Adjacent Condition D Adjacent Parameter 5 Predication analysis is a way to analyze meaning A phoneme B word C phrase D sentence 6 According to Searle those illocutionary acts whose point is to commit the speaker to some future course of action are called A commisives B directives C expressives D declaratives 7 The term linguistics may be defined as a way of referring to the approach which studies language change over various periods of time and at various historical stages A synchronic B diachronic C comparative D historical comparative 8 The way in which people address each other depends on their age sex social group and personal relationship The English system of address forms frequently used includes first name last name title last name and kin term A title first name B title title C title alone D first name last name title 9 Language and thought may be viewed as two independent circles overlapping in some parts When language and thought are identical or closely parallel to each other we may regard thought as subvocal speech and speech as A vocal thought B subvocal thought C covert thought D overt thought 10 Whcih of the following best states the behaviorist view of child language acquisition A Language acquisition is a process of habit formation B Language acquisition is the species specific property of human beings C Children are born with an innate ability to acquire language D Humans are equipped with the neural prerequisites for language and language use 1 A 2 A 3 B 4 C 5 D 6 A 7 B 8 C 9 D 10 A 1 Linguistics is the scientific study of A a particular language B the English language C human languages in general D the system of a particular language 2 The consonant f in English can be correctly described as having the following phonetic features A voiceless bilabial stop B voiceless labiodental fricative C voiced bilabial stop D voiced labiodental fricative 3 There are different types of affixes or morphemes The affix ed in the word learned is known as a n A derivational morpheme B free morpheme C inflectional morpheme D free form 4 In the phrase structure rule S NP VP the arrow can be read as A is equal to B consists of C has D generates 5 I bought some roses I bought some flowers A entails B presupposes C is inconsistent with D is synonymous with 6 Y s utterance in the following conversation exchange violates the maxim of X Who was that you were with last night Y Did you know that you were wearing odd socks A quality B quantity C relation D manner 7 Changes in a language are changes in the grammar of the speakers of the language This means that phonemes words and grammatical rules may be borrowed added lost or altered A phrases B sentences C morphemes D utterances 8 In a speech community people have something in common a language or a particular variety of language and rules for using it A socially B linguistically C culturally D pragmatically 9 Which of the major mental functions listed below is not under the control of the left hemisphere in most people A language and speech B visual and spatial skills C reading and writing D analytic reasoning 10 In general the stage begins roughly in the second half of the child s second year A babbling B one word C two word D multiword 1 C 2 B 3 C 4 B 5 A 6 C 7 C 8 B 9 B 10 C 第二部分第二部分 非选择题非选择题 II Directions Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word the first letter of which is already given as a clue Note that you are to fill in One word only and you are not allowed to change the letter given 1 10 10 11 Chomsky defines competence as the ideal user s k of the rules of his language 12 The four sounds p b m and w have one feature in common i e they are all b 13 M is a branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed 14 A s is a structurally independent unit that usually comprises a number of words to form a completestatement question or command 15 Synonyms that are mutually substitutable under allcircumstances are called c synonyms 16 The illocutionary point of r is to commit the speaker to something s being the case to the truth of what has been said 17 Words are created outright to fit some purpose Such a method of enlarging the vocabulary is known as word c 18 Wherever the standard language can use a contraction he is he s Black English can d the form of be 19 The basic essentials of the first language are acquired in the short period from about age two to puberty which is called the c period for first language acquisition 20 As a type of linguistic system in 12 learning i is a product of L2 training mother tongue intereference overgeneralization of the target language rules and learning and communicative strategies of the learner 11 knowledge12 bilabial13 morphology14 sentence15 complete16 representati ves17 coinage 18 delete19 critical20 interlanguage 11 A sentence is a structurally independent unit that usually comprises a number of w to form a complete statement q or command 12 In sociolinguistic studies speakers are treated as members of s g 13 Utterance is based on it is the realization of the abstract meaning of a sentence in a real situation of communication or simply in a context 14 To many people a linguist is the same as a one who can speak several languages fluently 15 Consonant sounds can be either v or v while all vowel sounds are v 11 words question12 social groups13 sentence meaning14 polyglot15 voiceless voiced voiced 11 In the course of time the study of language has come to establish close links with other branches of s studies such as sociology and psychology 12 Clear 1 and dark are allophones of the same one phoneme 1 They never take the same position in sound combinations thus they are said to be in c distribution 13 A r is often seen as part of a word but it can never stand by itself although it bears clear definite meaning 14 A c sentence contains two or more clauses one of which is incorporated in the other 15 That the denial of one member of two words implies the assertion of the other is the characteristic of c antonyms 16 While the meaning of a sentence is abstract and decontextualized that of an u is concrete and context dependent 17 Phonological rules may move phonemes from one place in the string to another For example Modern English verb ask was Old English askian with the k preceding the s Sound change as a result of sound movement is known as m 18 In many societies of the world we find a large number of people who speak more than one language As a characteristic of societies b inevitably results from the coming into contact of people with different cultures and different languages 19 The brain s neurological specialization for language is called linguistic I which is specific to human beings 20 In order to acquire a second language learners will subconsciously use their first language knowledge in learning a second language This is know as language t 11 social plementary 13 root plex plementary 16 utterance 17 metathesis 18 bilingualism 19 lateralization 20 transfer 11 As the first step of their scientific investigation of language linguists have to observe and collect linguistic f before they can do anything else 12 Phonological rules that govern the combination of sounds in a particular language are called s rules 13 An independent unit of meaning that can be used freely by itself is called a f morpheme 14 A c sentence contains two clauses joined by a linking word such as and but or 15 The study of the linguistic meaning of words phrases and sentences is called s 16 In making conversation the general principle that all participants are expected to observe is called the C principle proposed by J Grice 17 In addition to social changes one of the most pervasive sources of language change seems to be the continual process of cultural t across generations 18 Language itself is not sexist but its use may reflect the s attitude connoted in the language that is sexist 19 When language and thought are identical or closely parallel to each other we may regard thought as s speech and speech as overt thought In such a case speaking and thinking take place simultaneously 20 I is the language that a learner constructs at a given stage of SLA 11 facts 12 sequential 13 free 14 coordinate 15 semantics 16 Cooperative 17 transmission 18 social 19 subvocal 20 Interlanguage III Directions Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement If you think a statement is false you must explain why you think so and give the correct version 2 10 20 21 In modern linguistic studies the written form of language is given more emphasis than the spoken form for a number of reasons 22 Voicing is a phonological feature that distinguishes meaning in both Chinese and English 23 The compound word bookstore is the place where books are sold This indicates that the meaning of a compound is the sum total of the meanings of its components 24 Syntactic categories refer to sentences S and clauses C only 25 Dialectal synonyms can often be found in different regional dialects such as British English and American English but cannot be found within the variety itself for example within British English or American English 26 Only when a maxim under Cooperative Principle is blatantly violated and the hearer knows that it is being violated do conversational implicatures arise 27 The territory in which the Indo European languages are mainly spoken today also includes languages that are not Indo European 28 In most bilingual communities two languages have the same in speech situations known as domains 29 According to the strong version of the Sapir Whorf hypothesis speakers perceptions determine language and pattern their way of life 30 All normal children have equal ability to acquire their first language 21 F Actually modern linguistics lays more emphasis on the spoken form of language than the written form for a number of reasons 22 F Voicing distinguishes meaning in English but not in Chinese 23 F The meaning of some compound words has nothing to do with the sum total of the meanings of their components such as the compound redcoat 24 F Apart from S and C they also refer to a word or a phrase that performs a particular grammatical function 25 F Dialectal synonyms can often be found not only in different regional dialects such as British English and American English but also within the variety itself For example within British English girl is called lassie in Scottish dialect and liquor is called whishey in Irish dialect 26 T 27 T 28 F They have a fairly clear fairly clear functional differentiation i e one language may be used in some domains other language in other domains 29 F The true statement is According to the strong version of the Sapir Whorf hypothesis language determines speakers perceptions and patterns their way of life 30 T 16 All words may be said to contain a root morpheme 17 Tense and reference are two terms often encountered in the study of meaning 18 Linguistics is the course of language 19 The part of a sentence which compriese comprises an infinite verb or a verb phrase is grammatically called predicate 20 Historical linguistics equals to the study of synchronic study 21 The term dialect as a technical term in linguistics carries value judgement and not simply refers to a distinct form of language 22 Morphology is translated as 形态学 23 The word photographically is made up of 4 morphemes 24 The smallest meaningful unit of language is allomorph 25 Semantics is the main part of linguistics 16 T17 F Sense and reference 18 F scientific study of language 19 F finite verb 20 F diachronic 21 F no value judgement 22 T 23 T24 F morpheme 25 F one of the parts 21 In the history of any language the writing system always came into being before the spoken form 22 In English long vowels are also tense vowels because when we pronounce a long vowel such as i the larynx is in a state of tension 23 A compound is the combination of only two words 24 The student in the sentence The student liked the linguistic lecture and The linguistic lecture in the sentence The linguistic lecture liked the student belong to the same syntactic category 25 Linguistic forms having the same sense may have different references in different situations while linguistic forms with the same reference always have the same sense 26 An important difference between presupposition and entailment is that presupposition unlike entailment is not vulnerable to negation That is to say if a sentence is negated the original presupposition is still true 27 The division of English into Old English Middle English and Modern English is nonconventional and not arbitrary 28 Language reflects sexism in society Language itself is not sexist just as it is not obscene but it can connote sexist attitudes as well as attitudes about social taboos or racism 29 If a child is deprived of linguistic environment he or she is unlikely to learn a language successfully later on 30 When children learn to distinguish between the sounds of their language and the sounds that are not part of the language they can acquire any sounds in their native language once their parents teach them 21 F The contrary is true The writing system is always a later invention 22 T23 F Some compounds contain more than two words 24 T 25 F It is false because linguistic forms with the same reference might differ in sense A case in point is the two expressions morning star and evenin