新视野大学英语4第四版Unit1sectionA教案

Unit 1 Section A Love and logic The story of a fallacy Objectives To talk about love and logic To further understand the text To apply the phrases and patterns To master the narrative essay writing skill Contents Warming up Activities Text Study Language Application Summary Warming up Activities Lead in 1 What do you know about logic When it comes to making a choice many people tend to use rational and logical reasoning Males are more rational than females 2 Do you think it is possible to deal with life in a completely rational and logical way Rational world is not necessarily a wonderful one Rational individuals can make choices that are bad news for others It is ridiculous to deal with love in a logical way Pre reading Activities 1 The following are some statements to test your reasoning ability Tell whether the conclusions after the word Therefore are true T false F or uncertain U Write your answer on the line before each statement numberstatementsTrue or false 1All odd numbers are integers 整数 All even numbers are integers Therefore all odd numbers are even numbers 2 There are no dancers that aren t slim and no singers that aren t dancers Therefore all singers are slim 3A toothpick 牙签 is useful Useful things are valuable Therefore a toothpick is valuable Three pencils cost the same as two erasers Four erasers cost the same as one ruler Therefore pencils are more expensive than rulers 5 Class A has a higher enrollment than Class B Class C has a lower enrollment than Class B Therefore Class A has a lower enrollment than Class C 6A fruit basket contains more apples than lemons There are more lemons in the basket than oranges Therefore the basket contains more apples than oranges 7Taking the train across town is quicker than taking the bus Taking the bus across town is slower than driving a car Therefore taking the train across town is quicker than driving a car 8 All the tulips in Zoe s garden are white All the roses in Zoe s garden are yellow Therefore all the flowers in Zoe s garden are either white or yellow 2 Listen to a short passage on logic and fill in the missing information Cultural Background Logic and Fallacy 1 What is a fallacy And how is it used An error in reasoning that renders an argument logically invalid By accident or design logical fallacies are often used in debate or propaganda To mislead people To distract people from the real issue for the purpose of winning an argument 2 How many types of fallacy do you know Red Herring 转移话题 Begging the Question 循环论证 Slippery Slope 滑坡谬误 Bandwagon 从众谬误 False Dilemma 伪两难谬误 False Cause post hoc 假因谬误 Ad Hominem 人身攻击 Appeal to Authority 诉诸权威 Dicto Simpliciter 绝对判断 Hasty Generalization 草率结论 Ad Misericordiam 文不对题 False Analogy 错误类比 Text Study 1 Main idea and structure What did the narrator do with his roommate Rob Para 1 They made a deal that the narrator gives Rob his leather jacket and Rob in exchange gives the narrator his girlfriend Why did the narrator want to have Polly as his girl friend Paras 2 3 Pretty well off radiant The right background to be the girlfriend of a dogged brilliant lawyer Help the narrator in his competition with other applicants to some elite law firms Part I Paras 1 3 The author sets the scene of the story by providing information about the four wh words who where what and why Who refers to the narrator his roommate Rob and the beautiful girl Polly Where refers to What and why refer to what to do and why to do it The narrator decides to make Polly because as a promisingly brilliant lawyer he wants to have a girlfriend who is not only beautiful but also intelligent Part II Paras 4 25 The narrator tries to help Polly become smarter by giving her lessons in logic Altogether he spends five nights teaching Polly four logical fallacies namely Dicto Simpliciter Hasty Generalization Ad Misericordiam False Analogy Part III Paras 26 43 When asked to be the narrator s girl friend Polly refutes his arguments with the exact logical fallacies taught by him and refuses by making full disclosure that she is dating the narrator simply because it is a trick she and Rob have decided to play on him in order to get his leather jacket 2 Structure of the text Introduction to the story The narrator and Rob make a deal the exchange of a leather jacket for Polly Para 1 Polly has some basic qualities to be the girlfriend of a lawyer Para 2 Polly needs to be made more intelligent Para 3 Body Development of the story Why logic is important Para 4 8 The first logical fallacy taught to Polly Dicto Simpliciter Paras 9 11 he second logical fallacy taught to Polly Hasty Generalization Paras 12 15 The third logical fallacy taught to Polly Ad Misericordiam Paras 16 21 The fourth logical fallacy taught to Polly False Analogy Paras 22 25 Climax End We make a pretty good couple Hasty Generaliza tion Paras 26 30 You don t have to eat a whole cake to know it s good False Analogy Paras 31 32 Please say you ll go out with me I m nothing without you Ad Misericordiam Paras 33 35 You know the things you learn in school don t have anything to do with real life Dicto Simpliciter Paras 36 37 Climax of the story Polly refuses to be the narrator s girlfriend Paras 38 43 3 Summary of the text 4 Practical phrases Practical PhrasesSpecific MeaningsExamples 1 In exchange for 作为对 的交换 In exchange for a peaceful environment for the future generations our revolutionary predecessors shed their blood and even sacrificed their precious lives 2 Set a date for 为 定日期 In order to achieve success one had better start immediately rather than set dates for his her efforts 3 Appeal to 唤起 吸引 This university boasts many world famous experts professors and the world s best research library therefore it appeals to students and researchers Love and logic The story of a fallacy My roommate Rob made a pact with me that he d give me his girlfriend Polly in exchange for my jacket And I agreed Polly had the right background to be the girlfriend of a dogged brilliant lawyer like myself She was pretty well off and radiant Still I want to dispense her enough pearls of wisdom to make her well spoken So I tried my best to teach her such logical fallacies as Dicto Simpliciter Hasty Generalization Ad Misericordiam and False Analogy After five nights of diligent work I actually made a logician out of Polly She was an analytical thinker at last When I asked her to develop our relationship into a romantic one however she refuted my arguments as those logical fallacies I had taught her And she refused my proposition by making full disclosure She liked Rob in leather therefore she had told him to make the pact with me so that Rob could have my jacket from all over the world 4 make draw an analog y between 在 之间作类比 We often make an analogy between studying and climbing a mountain both of them require great efforts before you can reach the top 5 Make sth out of sb s th 使 变成 The aim of the military academy is to make qualified officers out of the young cadets after four years study and training 6 Give sb the axe 抛弃 恋人 解雇 If you continue playing your precious college years away success will give you the axe upon graduation 7 Be dripping with 满是 Though the beautiful lady is dripping with jewels her words and actions are dripping with vulgarity and rudeness 5 Functional patterns Functional Patterns Functions UsagesExamples 1 If sb could do s b just might do 用于表达 假设 如果我能够让我所申请的顶尖律师事务所看到 我身边伴随着一位光彩照人 谈吐优雅的另一 半 我就很有可能在竞聘中以微弱优势获胜 If I could show the elite law firms I applied to that I had a radiant well spoken c