直接引语和间接引语

1 直接引语和间接引语直接引语和间接引语 一 间接引语的概念和变化规律 1 间接引语是用自己的话去转述别人的话 引用或转述别人说的话时 采用两种形式 一是一字不改地将别人的话加以引 用 这叫直接引语 二是用自己的话加以转述 这叫间接引语 一般来讲 直 接引语须放在引号内 间接引语不必用引号 而且多用宾语从句的形式表达 例如 She said I was ill yesterday She said that she had been ill the day before 由以上例句可以看出 直接引语变为间接引语时 不仅把直接引语变为宾语从 句 增加连词 that 而且还需相应地改变代词 动词和状语 如 I 变成了 she was 变成 had been yesterday 变成 the day before 2 直接引语变为间接引语时 人称代词要根据转述人的立场作相应变动 人称代词的变动情况要根据语境及转述人的不同作相应变化 一般情况下 与 汉语中的变化相同 可记住一个口诀 一主 二宾 三不变 即第一人称 按照主句中的主语变化 第二人称按照主句中的宾语变化 第三人称一般不需 要变化 例如 1 He said I am glad to see you He said that he was glad to see me 2 Do you know the man over there Mary said to Tom Mary asked Tom if he knew the man over there 3 Jim said to me Jane left her schoolbag at home Jim told me that Jane had left her schoolbag at home 3 间接引语中动词时态的变化 1 当引述的动词为现在时形式时 间接引语中的动词时态不变 例如 Tom says Our teacher is kind to us 2 Tom says that their teacher is kind to them 2 当引述的动词为过去时形式时 间接引语中的动词作如下变更 一般现在时 一般过去时 过去进行时 不变 一般过去时 过去完成时 将来进行时 过去将来进行时 一般将来时 过去将来时 现在完成时 过去完成时 现在进行时 过去进行时 过去完成时 不变 He said I will leave for Beijing tomorrow He said that he would leave for Beijing the next day 如果所转述的内容表示客观真理或有表示某一绝对具体的过去时间作状语 间 接引语中动词的时态不变 例如 The teacher said The earth is round The teacher said that the earth is round He said I was born in 1980 He said that he was born in 1980 4 直接引语变为间接引语时 指示代词 时间状语 地点状语和表示 方向 动词的变化 this that these those now then today that day tomorrow the next following day next week the next week yesterday the day before last night the night before ago before here there come go 如果在当地转述 here 不必改为 there 动词 come 不必改为 go 如果在当 天转述 yesterday tomorrow 等时间状语也不必改变 例如 Kate said I will come here tomorrow to help these children with their English Kate said that she would go there the next day to help those children with their English 不是在当天当地转述 3 Kate said that she will come here tomorrow to help these children with their English 在当天当地转述 二 当直接引语是陈述句时 直接引语是陈述句时 间接引语用 that 引导 但在口语中 that 可以省去 从 句中的人称 时态 指示代词 时间状语和地点状语等要作相应的变化 例如 She said to me I came back an hour ago She said to told me that she had come back an hour before 三 当直接引语是一般疑问句 选择疑问句 反意疑问句时 1 原句若为一般疑问句时 用 whether 或 if 转述 原句若为选择疑问句时 用 whether or or not 原句若为反意疑问句 则常用 whether 或 if 转 述 2 疑问句语序变为陈述句语序 3 主句中的谓语动词为 said 时 要改为 asked 没有间接宾语时 可以加一 个间接宾语 如 me him 等 4 句末用句号 5 从句中的人称 动词时态和状语等也要作相应的变化 He said Are you interested in English He asked me if whether I was interested in English I asked him Will you stay at home or go to a film tonight I asked him whether he would stay at home or go to a film that night You ve already got well haven t you she asked She asked me whether if I had already got well 四 当直接引语是特殊疑问句时 4 如果直接引语是特殊疑问句 改为间接引语时 仍用原句中的 wh 类的词引导 其余的变化同直接引语为一般疑问句的情况 2 5 条一样 例如 What is your name he asked me He asked me what my name was He asked Where are you to get off Peter He asked Peter where he was to get off 如果在直接引语的特殊疑问句中 疑问词作主语或主语的修饰语 则语序不需 要变化 例如 Whose picture is the most beautiful in your class asked the boy s father The boy s father asked him whose picture was the most beautiful in his class 五 当直接引语是祈使句时 直接引语为祈使句 变为间接引语可用如下的结构 主语 asked advised sb not to do sth 1 需将原祈使句中谓语动词变成不定式 如果祈使句为否定句 则用不定式的 否定形式 即在不定式前加 not 2 原主句谓语动词 said 须改为 asked told ordered warned 或 advised 等 含有祈使意义的能带宾补的及物动词 3 原句有 please 时 主句谓语多用 asked 请求 并去掉 please 例如 He said to me Shut the window please He asked me to shut the window He said Don t make so much noise He told us not to make so much noise 如果以 let 开头的祈使句表示劝告或建议 可用 suggest that 从句 或 suggest doing 来转述 例如 5 Let s go to the cinema Tom said Tom suggested that they should go to the cinema Tom suggested going to the cinema 六 直接引语是感叹句时 直接引语是感叹句变间接引语时仍可用 what 或 how 引导 词序不变 也可用 that 引导 将句子变成相应的名词性从句 例如 She said What a lovely day it is She said what a lovely day it was She said that it was a lovely day 直接引语和间接引语练习题 将下列句中的直接引语改为间接引语 1 I said to ordered my boy Go home 2 The doctor said to her Don t eat too much fat 3 Have you any difficulty he asked me 4 He said asked Is she coming 5 He said asked Where have you been 6 Why didn t you tell me earli