青光眼患者福音用手机测眼压

,When it comes to treating glaucoma, the goal of eye doctors is assuring their patient dont go blind. 在治疗青光眼上，眼科医生的目标通常是确保病人不会失明。,That would seem relatively easy. Give them eye drops or refer them to surgery, which helps relieve what is known as intraocular p,ressure (IOP) inside the eye. But with current technology, it can often be difficult to measure this pressure because it fluctuate,s so much and those measurements have to be done in a doctors office. 这个目标看似不难，只要给他们开点眼药水或让他们去做手术就行了，手术主要是为了降低眼压。但是凭借现有技术，测量眼压是有难,度的，因为眼压的波动比较大，而且测眼压的过程必须要在医生的办公室里完成。 That soon could change, thanks to a new device described in Nature Medicine. 但是借助于自然医学杂志描述的,一种新设备，这种情况可能很快就会改变。 A team of researchers from Stanford University and Bar-Ilan University in Israel has designed an implantable s,ensor that can be read with a smartphone camera. This allows the patient to take readings themselves and should improve the accura,cy of pressure data. 美国斯坦福大学（Stanford University）和以色列巴伊兰大学（Bar-Ilan University）的研究团队设计了一款可植入式的传感器，通过智能手机摄像头就可以获得它的读数。因此患者完全可以自行读取读,数，同时它也提高了眼压数据的准确性。 “We believe this self-monitoring capabilities of the implant can significantly enhance the treatment and make i,t significantly better for the patient,” said Bar-Ilans Yossi Mandel, who co-authored the paper with Ismail Araci, Baolong Su and,Stephen R. Quake of Stanford. 巴伊兰大学的约西o曼德尔表示：“我们认为，这款可植入眼压传感器带来的自我监测能力，可以显著提高青光眼的治疗，并改善患者的处境。”自然医学杂志上的这篇论文就是曼德尔与斯坦福大学的伊斯梅尔o阿拉西、,苏宝龙（音译）和史蒂芬oRo奎克合作撰写的。 “Today, we think we are not treating them good enough,” he added. “They come once in a while and we take a,single point in time of measurement. This probably is not good enough and we know from other studies that there is large variation,in the IOP. In the same day, it can vary a lot.” 曼德尔补充道：“现在，我认为我们对青光眼治疗得还不够好。患者偶尔到医院来一趟，然后我们测量到的是他们在某个时间点上的眼压。这可能不够好。我们从其它研究得知，眼压,会有很大变化。哪怕在同一天里，眼压也会有很大的变化。” Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases that in most cases produces increased pressure within the eye and,affects more than 65 million people worldwide. When the eye pressure is increased, the optic nerve becomes damaged, resulting in t,he death of the retinal cells, degeneration of the nerve fibers and eventually permanent loss of vision. 青光眼是一系列眼科疾病的统称，在大多数情况下会导致,眼内压增高，全球青光眼患者超过6500万人。一旦眼压升高，视神经就会受到损伤，导致视网膜细胞死亡，神经纤维退化，最终直至永久失明。 There are several good methods to diagnosing glaucoma but only o,ne that monitors the disease to ensure the prescribed treatments are working. Called the Goldman applanationtonometery, or GAT, th,e method requires that the eye be anesthetized in a physicians office and then a plastic prism makes contact with the cornea to m,easure the pressure. Not only is this uncomfortable and complex but this technique has been found in several studies to be inaccur,ate. 青光眼有好几种不错的诊断方法，但是能对病情进行监测，以了解治疗是否有效的办法只有一种它叫做Goldman压平眼压计测量法或GAT。用这种方法测量眼压，首先需要在医生的办公室里将患者的眼部麻醉，然后用一根塑料棱镜按压患者的角膜来测量眼压。这种方法不,仅难受、复杂，而且根据多项研究显示，并不是非常精确。 “Unfortunately, the patient cant today measure his own IOP like he would with hypertension where you c,an measure your own blood pressure. Glaucoma patients have to go to their physicians,” Mandel said in a phone interview. “In one s,tudy, they measured IOP over 24 hours and saw there were large variations. In about 80 percent of the patients, they changed the t,reatment.” 曼德尔在接受电话采访时表示：“可惜的是，现在病人还不能像量血压一样自行监测自己的眼压。青光眼病人必须到医院去。在一项研究中，研究人员测量了患者24小时内的眼压，发现患者一天内的眼压有很大波动。所以他们对80%的患者改变了治疗方法。” Th,e self-monitoring device, Mandel said, is about 50 microns in diameter and a few millimeters long. Looking much like a small tube,Mandel said the device developed in Quakes lab is implanted in the eye. 曼德尔表示，这款自测试备的直径只有50微米，长度只有几毫米，看起来像一根极微小的管子。曼德尔称，这款在奎克的实验,室开发出来的设备可以植入人的眼中。 “It looks very simple,” Mandel said. “The pressure in the eye causes a shift in the position of the fluid column,in the device which then can be read much like the temperature in a thermometer.” 曼德尔解释道：“它的原理非常简单。眼内压会导致设备内的液柱位置变化，然后读取它的读数即可，原理,很像温度计。” Glaucoma experts welcomed news of the device, saying it offers several advantages over the current methods including that,it reads the pressure and does it around the clock. 青光眼专家们都对这款设备表示欢迎，并表示它与以往的测量方法相比有很多优点，包括它可以显示读数，而且可以随时监测。 “If patient comes in,for cataract surgery and, if at the same time you can implant the device that would allow monitoring IOP more accurately and remot,ely, that has a huge benefit,” Dr. Andrew Iwach, chairman of board for the Glaucoma Research Foundation and executive director Gla,ucoma Center of San Francisco said. He also founded the foundations annual event, Glaucoma 360, which brings together researchers, industry executives and philanthropist to find a cure for glaucoma. 美国青光眼研究基金会（Glaucoma Research Foundation）的董事会主席、旧金山青光眼中心常务主任安,德鲁o伊瓦施表示：“如果患者做了白内障手术的话，如果在做手术的同时，你把这款设备植入进去，那么就能更精确地监测眼压，这是有巨大好处的。”伊瓦施还是青光眼基金会“青光眼360”活动的发起人，这个活动旨在召集青光眼研究专家、行业高管和慈善人士来寻找治疗青光眼的方法,。 “So if you look at the risk benefit ratio the question wouldnt be why did you put it in but why you didnt put it in,” he said.,他表示：“因此，如果你看看风险收益比，问题就不会是你为什么要植入，而是你为什么不植入。” There is a similar device available in Europe to measure pressure around the clock c,alled the Sensimed Triggerfish. But this contact lens sensor doesnt measure the eye pressure directly, which makes it less accura,te and, according to a 2012 study in Arch of Ophthalmol, caused blurred vision and other adverse reactions in over 80 percent of t,he patients. 欧洲也有一款类似的可以随时测量眼压的设备，名叫Sensimed Triggerfish。不过这款接触式镜片传感器并非直接测量眼压，导致测量结果精确度不高。另外根据眼科学报（Arch of Ophthalmol）2012年的一份研究,显示，它会导致80%的患者出现视觉模糊和其它负作用。 Iwach said the lack of a reliable device to measure pressure in the American market has prompted a comp,etition of sorts with at least five companies vying to be the first to get a device inserted into the eye, which transmits an elec,tronic signal out onto the American market. 伊瓦施指出，由于美国市场缺乏一款可以测量眼压的可靠设备，现在至少有五家以上的公司都在这个领域进行竞争，他们都希望能第一个在美国市场上推出植入式眼压测量设备。 “This i,s an exciting a horse race,” Iwach said. “Different camps realize the first to market, the one who figures out how to do this best , is going to potentially revolutionize how we manage glaucoma and ultimately patients will be better for it.”,伊瓦施表示：“这是一场令人兴奋的竞争。大家都意识到，第一个进入市场、第一个知道怎样最好地测量眼压的公司，可能会给青光眼的治疗带来革命性的效果