《定语从句详谈》PPT课件.ppt

定语从句 一 概念 由关系词引导并用来修饰名词 代词 名词性词组或整个句子的句子叫做定语从句 被修饰的对象叫做先行词 1 HetoldthegoodnewstoMarry Marrytoldittome 2 HetoldthegoodnewstoMarryandMarrytoldittome 3 HetoldthegoodnewstoMarry whotoldittome定语从句相当于一个形容词的功能 所以也叫做形容词性从句 它一般紧跟在先行词之后 必需有引导词 有时侯可以省略 二 分类 分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句与主句关系密切 是主句不可缺少的部分 去掉之后主句意思不完整 不能用逗号将其和主句隔开 但引导词作宾语时可省略 介词之后的不能省略 非限制性定语从句只对先行词作附加说明 去掉之后不影响主句的意思 常用逗号将其和主句隔开 引导词无论在任何时候都不能可省略 不由that引导 他的先行词可以是一个单词 也可以是句子的主语 甚至是一个句子 不能用that或why来引导 指人的关系代词作宾语时 只能用whom 不能用who 不能省略 Thosewhocannotrememberthepastarecondemnedtorepeatit ProfessorWhite whosehometownisverybeautiful willcometoourschool Ihaveabrotherwhoisanarmyofficer 我有一个当军官的弟弟 Ihaveabrother whoisanarmyofficer 我有一个弟弟 他是个军官 三 引导词 也叫关系词 在句中充当句子成分 起连接作用 填空 选择 1 Imadealistofallthebooks IwanttobuybeforeIwenttothebookstore 2 Afriendisaperson canshareyourjoysandsorrows happinessandsadness nomatterwhat whateverhappens 3 He do notreachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman 4 RecentlyIboughtanancientChinesevase wasveryreasonable A whichpriceB thepriceofwhichC itspriceD whosepriceE thepriceofwhoseF ofwhichtheprice Whose n the n ofwhom which of whom which the n 只用来指人或物且只作定语 意为 的 5 Theystayedwithmethreeweeks theydrankallthewineIhad A duringwhichB intimeofwhichC whereD whereverE when6 Isthisfactory wevisitedtheotherday A WhereB thatC theoneD inwhich7 Thisistheschool myfatheroncelived 8 Thisistheschool Iloveverymuch 用下列所给的定语从句填空 1 whichiscalledgreenagriculture 2 whicharekeptonthefarm 3 wholiveinthenorth 4 whicharenowreadyforharvest 5 whousegreenagriculture 6 whichhavefallenFarming 1 growsplantsinsoil Duringspringandsummer thefarmers 2 worklonghoursintheirfields Inautumn theypickthecrops 3 Farmers 4 cannotfarminwinter Instead theycarefortheanimals 5 Thefieldslaysilentthen hiddenbeneaththesnows 与 6 只用that的情况1 先行词为不定代词everything something anything nothing all much few any little等时 ThatisallthatIcandoforyou Hegivesmeeverythingthathehas 2 定语从句为 therebe 句型时Hemadefulluseoftimethattherewaslefttohimtocontinuehisexperiment 3 当先行词theonly thesame last thevery等修饰时Theonlythingthatcouldbedoneistowait 4 当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时Thefirstthingthatweshoulddoistocleantheroom 5 先行词既有人又有物时Hetoldusaboutthetime peopleandplacethatthestorytookplace 6 在以 which 或 who 开头的句子里Whothatknowseverythingdoesn tknowanything 7 当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时Chinaisnotthecountrythatitusedtobe 8 当先行词前有all any few little no等修饰语时 用that Allthebooks that hehastranslatedareverypopularhere 9 当被修饰词为数词时 Hebroughttwocatsyesterday NowIcanseethetwoareplayinginthegarden 10 如果两个从句中 其中一个已经用which 另一个用that避免重复 Hebuiltuptwoafactorywhichproducedthingsthathadneverbeenseenbefore 11 有时为了避免重复而使用that引导定语从句 Whichisthecarthathittheboy Whowasthemanthatshedancedwith 注意 1 that不能引导非限制性定语从句 2 当先行词为theway时 定语从句 的引导词只有三种情况 A thatB inwhichC 省略 什么都不用 Idon tlikethewaythat inwhich hespeakstohisparents 只用which的情况 1 先行词为that时Ihavethatwhichhehasgivenme 2 引导词指物且前有介词时 若指人用whom TheroominwhichIlivedlastyearwasdestroyedinabigfire TheroomwhereIlivedlastyearwasdestroyedinabigfire Theroomthat whichIlivedinlastyearwasdestroyedinabigfire Themantowhomsheisspeakingismybrother Themanwhom who thatsheisspeakingtoismybrother 怎样来确定先行词前的介词 A 根据从句中的谓语动词或短语确定 ThisisthebookforwhichIpaid10yuan payforthebook B 根据从句所表达的意义确定 It sknowntoallthatairandwater withoutwhichmancan tlive areveryimportanttous withoutairandwater C 根据先行词确定 Lastnightwehadameetingatwhichmanyproblemsweresolved atthemeeting 3 which可用来引导限制性和非限制性定语从句 4先行词为that 指物 或those 指物 时 引导词用whichWhat sthatwhichwasputinthecar 只用who的情况 1当先行词是one ones anyone或those 指物 等时Anyonewhodoesthatmustbemad Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves 2用在therebe结构中Thereisayoungmanwhowantstoseeyou 3为了避免重复或引起歧义 Imetafriendofmineyesterdaywhohaslivedherefor10years 4 当先行词是I you hethey等时 常用于谚语之中 Hewhoplayswithfiregetsburned 5 当先行词是指成员的集体名词时Thisclasswhohavegotticketswillgotothetheatretomorrow 由关系副词引导的定语从句 1when只充当时间状语 介词 whichHecameatthetimewhenweneedhelpmost Hecameatthetimeatwhichweneedhelpmost weneedhelpmostatthetime 2 where只充当地点状语 介词 whichTheofficewhere atwhichheworksisquitenear atwhich attheoffice 3why只充当原因状语 for whichTherearemanyconsiderationswhy forwhichhemustleavetomorrow forwhich formanyconsiderations Itoldhimthereason forwhichIhadn tattendedtheparty 注意 所有的关系副词都只能充当状语 Why不能用来引导非限制性定语从句 要用forwhich来替换 ThiswastheschoolwhichIworkedatfor6years ThiswastheschoolwhereIworkedfor6years ThiswastheschoolwhichIworkedfor6years As引导的定语从句 1 多用于先行词为thesame such as so时或有thesame such as so修饰时 Ihavegotintothesametroubleas thathehas Ihavegotintothesametroubleashe I veneverheardofsuchamovingstoryasheistelling 注意 在thesame 先行词之后 关系代词后接完整的句子时 用as that均可 但意义有所不同 后面只接一个中心词时 则只能用as ThisisthesamebookasIreadyesterday 这和我昨天读的那本书是一样的 ThisisthesamebookthatIreadyesterday 不能这就是我昨天读的那本书 2 As引导的非限制性定语从句 as作关系代词指整个句子 引导的非限制性定语从句可以位于句首 句中 或句末 which引导的非限制性定语从句不能位于句首 引导词前有介词时 只能用which 不能用as 在限制性定语从句中亦是如此 而且也不用that 关系代词指整个句子时 as可接ed分词构成省略的定语从句 而which不能Ihavep