中考动词不定式讲解与练习

动词不定式的 10 大考点例析 初中英语语法 动词不定式是初中英语的语法重点之一 也是每年中考英语试题的考点之 一 它是动词的一种非谓语形式 没有人称和数的变化 不能单独作句子的谓 语 其构成形式为 to 动词原形 to 为动词不定式的符号 本身无意义 动词不定式具有两大特点 1 具有动词的特点 因此 后面可以跟表语 宾语或状语 构成动词不定 式短语 2 具有名词 形容词或副词的特点 可以在句子中用作主语 宾语 宾语 补足语 状语 定语 表语及同位语等 下面以近几年全国部分省市的中考英 语试题为例 对不定式的难点以及它在中考英语中的考查点 作一简要的总结 和分析 供同学们学习时参考 一 动词不定式作主语 1 It s our duty the room every day A to clean B cleaned C clean D cleans 甘肃省 2 It s hard for us English well A learn B learns C to learn D learning 江西省 3 建造这座立交桥将花费工人们一年多的时间 It will the workers over a year the flyover 北京市海淀区 4 It s very nice you to get me two tickets the World Cup A for of B of for C to for D of to 安徽省 Keys 1 A 2 C 3 take to build 4 B 简析 动词不定式作主语时 可以直接放在谓语动词前面的主语位置 也可以用先行词 it 作形式主语 而将真正的主语 不定式 置于后面 常见的句 式有 1 It is 形容词 of sb to do sth 2 It is 名词 for sb to do sth 3 It takes sb some time to do sth 4 It is 形容词 for sb to do sth 句式 1 中常用 nice kind clever good right wrong foolish careless 等形容词 与介词 of 搭配 这些形容词常表述不定式逻 辑主语的属性或性质 句式 4 中常用 hard difficult easy important 等形容词 与介词 for 搭配 表示不定式表示的动作 行为的性质 二 动词不定式作宾语 1 He wants some vegetables A buy B buying C to buy D buys 山西省 2 Don t forget your homework with you when you come to school A to bring B bringing C to take D taking 福建省 3 He found it very difficult A sleeping B sleepsC slept D to fall asleep 湖南省 Keys 1 C 2 A 3 D 简析 在 want like agree hope wish learn begin start seem decide hate choose forget remember 等动词后面 可以接不定式作宾语 如果其后接形容词补足语时 则可以用 it 作形式宾语 而把作真正宾语的不定式放到后面 三 动词不定式作宾语补足语 1 Robert often asks us his Chinese so his Chinese is much better than before A help him B to help him with C to help with D helps him with 江苏省 2 Mr Li often teaches his Japanese friends Chinese food A cook B cooks C to cook D cooked 甘肃省 Key 1 B 2 C 简析 不定式可以用作宾语补足语 后面可以接不定式作宾语补足语的 动词有 ask teach expect tell allow 等 四 动词不定式作状语 1 She went her teacher A to see B looks C saw D seeing 江西省 2 Meimei likes English very much She does her best English well A learn B learning C to learn D learns 四川省 Key 1 A 2 C 简析 go come try do try one s best 等动词或短语动词作 谓语时 其后常常可以接不定式作目的状语 3 I m sorry that A hears B hearing C hear D to hear 河北省 4 I m sorry you A trouble B to trouble C troubling D troubled 吉林省 5 My mother was very glad her old friend A to meet B meet C met D meets 甘肃省 Keys 3 D 4 B 5 A 简析 be 形容词 to do sth 结构中的不定式作状语 常表示原因 或方式 6 The panda is so fat that it can t go through the hole 改为意 思相同的句子 The hole such a fat panda to go through 广东省 7 The ice on the lake was so thin that people couldn t skate on it 改为意思相同的句子 The ice on the lake wasn t enough people 广东省 Keys 6 is too small for 7 thick for to skate on 简析 在上述 too 形容词 副词 for sb to do 太 而不 能 和 enough for sb to do 足以 足够 做 结构中 不 定式作结果状语 五 动词不定式作定语 1 Would you like something A drink B drinking C to drink D drinks 湖北省 2 I have a lot of homework A do B doing C did D to do 河南省 3 He is not an easy man A get on B to get on C get on with D to get on with 山东省 Key 1 C 2 D 3 D 简析 不定式作定语时 常放在被修饰的词语之后 与被修饰的词语为 逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系 如果不定式的动词是不及物动词 其后要加上 必要的介词或副词 构成的短语动词相当于及物动词 六 不带 to 的动词不定式 1 We saw him the building and go upstairs A to enter B enter C entering D entered 河南省 2 So much work usually makes them very tired A to feel B feels C feeling D feel 吉林省 3 Your father is sleeping You d better A not wake up him B not to wake up him C not wake him up D not to wake him up 陕西省 4 I was made my homework in the afternoon A do B doing C to do D did 贵州省 Key 1 B 2 D 3 C 4 C 简析 1 在 see watch hear feel 等感官动词和 make have let 等使役动词后面作宾语补足语的不定式不带 to 但是在被动语态中 作主语 补足语的不定式要带 to let 没有被动语态 2 在 had better 后面接不带 to 的不定式 七 动词不定式的否定形式 1 Mr Black asked the man the queue A not to jump B to not jump C didn t jump D not jump 广西壮 族自治区 2 The old man told the child noisy A not be B not to be C to not be D be not 湖北省 3 There is going to an important meeting tomorrow Please try late A have not to be B have not be C be not to be D be not be 内蒙古自治区 Key 1 A 2 B 3 C 简析 动词不定式的否定形式通常是在不定式符号 to 的前面加上 not 如果是不带 to 的不定式就直接在动词原形前面加上 not 八 某些动词后面接不定式和接动词 ing 形式的区别 1 Please stop a rest if you feel tired A to have B having C have D has 广西壮族自治区 2 Why didn t you buy some bread on your way home Sorry I forgot some money with me A take B taking C to take D took 湖北省 3 Let s have a rest shall we Not now I can t stop the letters A write B to write C writing D and write 湖北省 4 Jim was badly hurt so he had to stop walk 用所给单 词的正确形式填空 四川省 Key 1 A 2 C 3 C 4 walking 简析 一些常见的动词后面接不定式和接动词的 ing 形式的区别如下 stop to do sth 意为 停止正在做的事情去做另外一件事 stop doing sth 意为 停止正在做的事 remember to do sth 意为 记住去 做某事 事还未做 remember doing sth 意为 记得做过某事 事已做 go on to do sth 意为 接着做某事 做完一事 接着做另一事 go on doing sth 意为 继续做某事 一事未做完接着往下做 forget to do sth 意为 忘了做某事 事还未做 forget doing sth 意为 忘了 曾做过某事 事已做 5 When I was walking in the street I saw a plane over my head A flies B flying C flew D to fly 福建省 6 A woman saw it when she was walking past A happen B happens C happening D to happen 黑龙江省 Key 5 B 6 A 简析 在 see hear watch feel 等感官动词后面可接不带 to 的不 定式 也可接动词的 ing 形式作宾语补足语 用不定式表示动作的全过程 动 作已结束 用动词的 ing 形式表示动作正在进行 动作尚未结束 九 动词不定式的省略及其符号 to 的保留 1 Would you like to go to the cinema with us Yes What time are we going to meet A I would B I would like C I like to D I d like to 浙江省 2 Would you like to go for a picnic with us What time are we going to meet A No I can t B Yes I m glad C Yes I d love to D I d like 大连市 Keys 1 D 2 C 简析 在口语中 动词不定式中的动词或短语动词在上下文中重复出现 时 第二个动词不定式可以省略 但是 to 不可省略 这种用法常见于 be glad to would like