语法填空与短文改错解题技巧讲练 (2)VIP

1 1 高考英语语法填空解题技巧讲练高考英语语法填空解题技巧讲练 语法填空的考查范围 1 语境 上下文 2 语法 动词 时态 语态 主谓一致 非谓语形式 名词 代词 冠词 介词 连词 固定搭配 情态动词 复合 句 形容词和副词的比较级最高级及构词法 倒装等 语法填空的能力要求 1 阅读 理解语篇的能力 2 分析句子结构的能力 3 熟练运用语法的能力 4 单词拼写能力和逻辑推理能力等 对中下层考生来 说 难度较大 重点复习 重点复习 掌握句子的基本结构 首先 我们必须熟练掌握简单句的基本句型结构 1 主语 谓语 宾语 宾补 2 主语 系动词 表语 其次 我们要充分了解充当各个句子成分的典型词类 1 充当主语或宾语的典型词类是名词或代词 此外 还有动名词 不定式短语等 2 充当谓语的一定是动词 3 充当补语或表语的典型词类是形容词 4 在名词前作定语的典型词类是形容词或形容词性 物主代词 5 作状语的典型词类是副词 再次 我们还要掌握句子的扩展结构 两个或几个简 单句之间若不用句号或分号 就必须要用连词 否则 句子的结构就不完整 连词主要有以下四类 1 用 and but or while 而 却 when 就在这个时 候 等构成并列句 2 if unless before after until although though as since because so so that 等构成含状语从句的复合句 这里 要注意区分一下复杂句和复合句 复合句是包含在复 杂句这个概念里面的 在下文的基础写作部分有提到 3 用 who which that when where why 等构成含定语 从句的复合句 这里要提醒考生的是往往不给任何 提示的空就是填连词或关系词的 但也须结合句子结 构来分析 4 用 that if whether 是否 wh 等构成含名词性从 句的复合句 解题方法 解题方法 用句子结构分析法巧解语法填空 分析句子 的结构对解答语法填空题很有帮助 在解答语法填空 题时 分析句子结构可以迅速确定所要填的词语的词 类或大致方向 若再结合语境就可以很快得出具体的 词语或词形 结合语境方面要特别注意短文的时态和 上下文中的一些提示 如 阅读下面短文 根据上下文填入适当的词语 或 使用括号中的词语的适当形式填空 并将答案填写在 答题卡上标号的相应位置 The Internet has become part of young people s life 1 report shows that 38 of students often use the Internet Most of them get 2 use information on the Internet 3 use the Internet to help in their studies But many students don t use it 4 a good way Some play games too much some visit websites 5 shouldn t look at So bad things may happen 6 students spend too much time on the Internet 7 is important for students to use the Internet properly Now we have a textbook 8 uses many examples to teach students some good ways to use the Internet It gives useful advice Some students also make 9 on the Internet But if you want to have a face to face 10 meet with your online friends let your parents know and meet in a proper place 下面是一些基本语法的解析 结合以往的一些单项选 择考题作为理解之用 加深对基础语法的理解 对各个 部分都有指导作用 一 动词一 动词 谓语谓语 非谓语非谓语 给出动词的原形 根据句子结构的需要给出其适当的 形式 填动词形式 首先抓住主谓结构 确定主句 剩下的部分 如有连词 则是句子 仍然有主谓结构 否则就用非谓语 是谓语就思考时态 语态 主谓一 致 是非谓语就看主动被动 有否先后关系 动词及动词短语辨析 主要考查的知识点 每年必考的考点 主要从以下几 个角度来命题 惯性用法 测试语境中动词的词义辨析 测试一些 1 习惯用语中的动词 测试一些系动词 下列动词组成的短语 break carry come get give go look pick se nd set take turn 英语词组的深层含义挖掘 多 种含义拓宽也是当今考题的一个热点 每年的高考英 语科考试大纲中虽列出了单词和词组 但并未注明其 具体的含义 这就给命题者留下了自由的伸缩空间 所以在复习时 不能拘泥于其在教材上的含义 要大 胆地对其深层含义进行挖掘 如 go out 便可挖掘出 以下含义 出去 出国 发出去 贴出去 出去参加 社交活动 离家出去工作 压塌 火 熄灭 过时 死去 消失 辞职 下台 结束 罢工等 在完形 填空中多加注意 例 17 Two or three years ago this kind of glass es was a favorite with the children but now it A has gone over B has gone out C goes by D is going down 例 18 They ve us 150 000 for the house Shall we take it A provided B supplied C shown D offered 例 19 To everybody s surprise the fashionable young lady to be a thief A found out B proved out C putout D turned out 1 Ms Chen teach me English since Junior 1 and to show my appreciation I decided to get her a present 2 I was certain she would like it because I tell by my classmates that she loved hot food 2 2 3 The exam which was originally to be held in our classroom change to the library at the last minute 4 I had to leave work to take him to the hospital because he break his finger 5 The child Nicole Hobson take by her mother to Children s Memorial Hospital about 11 p m Wednesday to check 6 A transit spokesman said the driver should make radio call to the control center for help 7 An official from the Ministry of Education said that China follows an educational policy that encourage students to study abroad 8 One of them was a visitor saying he wouldn t have been there if he watch the weather forecast the day before 9 We must also consider the reaction of the person receive the gift 10 With the problem solve I felt proud of my achievement 11 I then noticed that I had just 10 minutes left complete the rest 12 There place neatly beside the empty dish were two nickels and five pennies her tip 13 compare with the previous year the number of students who went abroad for study was increased by 15 000 or a rise of 13 14 Storms swept along New Mexico s border with Texas on Friday destroy homes and other buildings and injuring 15 We must practise speaking and write the language whenever we can 16 but it is not enough only memorize rules from a grammar book 17 The television viewer makes no choice and no judgment He is completely passive and has everything present to him without any effort on his part 二 名词二 名词 主要考查的知识点 名词的用法 语境中词性的判断 词的转化 在语法填空题中常出现给一个提示词要求 用它的正确形式填空 重点复习 掌握名词单复数的变化规律以及与相近语法的关 系 名词单复数的使用受冠词 数词和主谓一致 等语法的制约 因此复习名词单复数时 应注意 分析名词前的数词 量词 冠词等修饰语情况 还应注意主谓一致问题 熟悉 区别可数不可数 英语中有些名词有时 为可数名词 而有时又是不可数名词 其区别由 各自不同的用法而定 这是名词可数性用法的难 点 如 work 工作 不可数名词 著作 作品 可数 工厂 作坊 可数 工程 工事 可数 掌握名词所有格的表示方法和名词作定语的用法 特别注意 else 的所有格 双重所有格的用法 例 7 The faces of four famous American presidents on Mount Rushmore can be seen from a of 60 miles A length B distance C way D space 考点考点 3 代词代词 主要考查的知识点 不定代词和替代词的用法 It 的 用法和人称代词宾格 复习重点 指代必须准确无误 在使用人称代词 反身代词 物主代词这三类代词时 要注意它们在句中的人称 单复数及性别与所有格的一致性 疑问代词的用法 it one that 是高考命题锁定的三个代词 例 8 Which of the three ways shall I take to the village way as you please A Each B Every C Any D Either 三 代词三 代词 主要考查的知识点 不定代词和替代词的用法 It 的 用法和人称代词宾格 复习重点 指代必须准确无 误 在使用人称代词 反身代词 物主代词这三类 代词时 要注意它们在句中的人称 单复数及性别与 所有格的一致性 疑问代词的用法 it one that 是高考命题锁定的三个代词 例 8 Which of the three ways shall I take to the village way as you please A Each B Every C Any D Either 重点复习 重点复习 形容词和副词均属修饰性词类 但因被修饰的内 容有所不同而具备不同的用法 高考非常注重对 此进行考查 在完形填空和语法填空中出现过大 量此类试题 形容词与连系动词连用及修饰名 词 修饰行为动词 形容词 副词 过去分词及 整个句中用副词 两个事物进行比较应用比较级 三个或三个以 上事物进行比较应用最高级 形容词和副词在特定的语境中词义的比较 比较级的程度修饰语 much very much a lot a great deal far by far even still a bit a little rather any 数词 倍数 分数 百分数等 易混副词的辨析 如 specially especially particularly 等 例 9 What do you think of the film we saw last night I feel that the film is well worth seeing once again A strong B strongly C hardly D hard 1 I patiently walked to the library took my seat and did some deep breathing to help relax 2 The little boy pulled right hand out of the pocket and studied a number of coins in it 3 the driver did to help and even stopped once to pick up more passengers 4 If you give your children that they can never do anything quite right then they will regard as unfit or unable persons 5 Some 134 000 Chinese students went to study abroad and 120 000 of were self funded students 6 Firstly we must understand the language when we hear spoken 3 3 四 冠词四 冠词 主要考查的知识点 冠词的基本用法 零冠词的用法 抽象名词具体化和固定搭配 复习重点 复习重点 定冠词的用法 主要是一些记忆性的东西 比较繁 1 杂 可以记几个顺口溜 特指双熟悉 上文已提及 世上独无二 序数最高级 普转专有名 习语及乐器 特指 指某些人或事物 如 The Englishmen in the dining room are having supper now 谈话双方都熟悉的人或事物 即 语境特指 如 Take the medicine 上文已提及的人或事物 即 前照应特指 如 He bought a house I have been to the house 世界上独一无二的事物 如 The sun sets 序数词或形容词最高级前 如 I live on the second floor 由普通名词构成的专有名词前 如 The United States 一些习惯短语中或西洋乐器前 如 in the way by the hour on the other hand all the year round play the piano the violin 2 不加冠词的几种情况 下列情况应免冠 代词限定 名词前 专有名词不可数 学科球类三餐饭 复数名 词表泛指 两节星期月份前 颜色语种和国名 称呼 习语及头衔 名词前已有作定语用的 this that some any my 等限定词 专有名词和不可数名词前 如 Unity is strength 表示学科的名词前 如 Economics is different from politics 球类活动的名词及三餐总称前 如 He likes playing football and always has supper outside 复数名词表示 泛指 一类人或事物 时 如 They are students and we are teachers 节日 季节 星期 月份前 如 Spring follows winter We have few classes on Sunday 表示颜色 语种和国家的非全称名词前 如 White is a beautiful color in China 在称呼语或表示头衔的名词前 如 Where is Dad Mum Bush was made president of the USA again 某些习惯短语中 如 in bed in spite of by chance lose heart catch fire catch sight of go to school find fault with make use of take exception to 反对 零冠词在语法填空的练习中只出现过 一次 正规模拟考试中没有出现过 我们只作了解 不作为重点 3 不定冠词的几种特殊用法 专有名词前用不定冠词 表示 像 的一个人或物 如 He thinks he is a Napoleon 姓名前用不定冠词 表示 某个叫 的人 多指 不认识的人 如 A Miss Smith came to see you that afternoon 用于某些物质名词前 表示 一种 一份 一阵 等 如 What would you like to drink A tea and a coffee 用于某些抽象名词前 使抽象概念具体化 这种用 法的名词有 surprise knowledge success failure pleasure inter est joy 等等 如 All his efforts ended in failure 不定冠词用在 population history area height weight depth len gth speed 等词前 如 To escape the pull of the earth a rocket must reach a speed of40 000 km h 例 6 Of all the subjects I like history the best because it gives us useful knowledge of things in the past A the a B a C a the D a 1 But my mood quickly changed when I saw first question 2 Then I went to the department store and bought her expensive gift box of Sichuan beef 3 Tom 8 year old boy entered a hotel coffee shop 4 He talked about how I wrestled with him in the evenings and good many other things 5 I told the bus driver that my baby had just had heart operation and that she was having heart failure 6 Television is not only a convenient source of entertainment but also comparatively cheap one 五 介词五 介词 介词为虚词 不能单独充当句子成分 必须同名词 代词 短语 句子构成介词短语 才能充当句子成分 介词短语在句中常作表语 定语 状语和补足语 介 词的用法比较复杂 在英语学习中须多多注意 想看 基础知识 请看介词 下面我们来学点介词口诀 帮你快速记单词 一 介词及介词短语 介词像个 游离体 名前动后常出现 一旦组成 某结构 句中成分有一位 介 宾 叫 介短 作 形 副 句里边 宾补 表 定 状 都能用得上 动 介 动词性 及 不及物 谓语用 成语 习语常固定 应用起来有弹性 注 介词后面的名词 代词或数词是介词的宾语 介 词和介词宾语合成介词短语 介词短语在句中的语法 作用相当于形容词或副词 在句中做宾 主 语 补 足语 表语 定语或状语 动词 介词 副词 组成一个动词词组或短语动词 其语法作用相当于一个及物动词或不及物动词 在句 中作谓语 二 介词在句中的位置 介词活跃句关键 短语合成形简单 独作成分看不见 介短表定状可担 before 时空在之前 after 之后 off 远 直上 over above 斜 under below 下相反 直到 till on 表面 穿过 through for 因缘 by 表旁边 in 里面 with 伴随 by 车船 时间地点 at in on 二者 between 多 among behind 后面 beside 旁 附近 near 沿着 along 4 4 from 来自 like 像 表示目的 for to 当 of 所属周围 round 向上 up 向下 down 三 on at in 用法巧记 on at in 这三个常用介词都可以表示时间和地点 但具体用法不同 多数学生对它们混淆不清 现在只 要记住了口诀 就可避免 at on in 的种种误用 1 on in at 表示时间 on 在具体某一天 当某时 动名词 arrival death 前 2 用 in 一般 上 下 晚 on 用于天 in 用于月 季 年 限定三时 in 要变 at 是个时间点 工作 时刻 与 圣诞 at noon night in the day 习惯用语记心间 注 on 表示在具体某一天及具体某一天的上午 下 午和晚上 例 On Mother s Day we should sned flowers to our mother 母亲节 我们应该送花给我们的母亲 On my arrival home I found he had gone already 当我 到家时 我发现他已经走了 当 early late 用于句首修饰介词短语时 尽管表示 具体某一天的上午 下午 晚上 都要用 in 泛指一 般的上 下午 晚上也用 in 例 Early in the morning of National Day I got up to catch the first bus to the zoo 国庆节一清早 我便起 床去赶到动物园的第一班公共汽车 My father begins work at 8 00 in the morning and stops work at 4 00 in the afternoon 我父亲上午 8 点上班 下午 4 点下班 于将来时态表示 过一段时间后 及表示 在 期 间 和 在某个季节 某年 某月 都用 in 例 I hear he ll be back in a month 我听说他将于一个 月后回来 In the course of the last lesson in French little Franz was listening to the master very attentively 在那最后一堂法 语课中 小弗朗兹非常用心地听着老师讲 Xiao Ming was born in December of 2004 小明生于 2004 年 12 月 当 morning afternoon evening 有前位定语或后置 定语限定时 就不用 in 而用 on 例 on a hot summer noon 在一个炎热 夏天 的中 午 on Monday Morning 在星期一上午 on the morning of March 8th 在 3 月 8 日上午 表示某时某刻及在 work Christmas 前用 at 例 We get up at eight o clock 我们 8 点起床 My father are busily at work all day 我父亲整天忙于 工作 In western countries children get present from their parents at Christmas 在西方国家 孩子们在圣诞节 得到父亲给的礼物 2 on in at 表示地点 on 在之上 接触面 靠近 接壤 左右边 in 在里面 和 中间 at 表示小地点 入口 车站 电影院 home 出现定语 冠 须用 in 把 at 换 夜间 车辆 若有限 及 在途中 on 在前 注 在表示地点时 指 在 之上 与表面接触 靠近 接壤 及 在左右边 都用 on 例 There is an English Chinese dictionary and two grammar books on the big desk 那张大写字台上有一 本英汉词典和两本语法书 Korea lies on the northeast of China 朝鲜位于中国东 北方 Tom was sitting on my left when we saw the film yesterday 我们昨天看电影时 汤姆坐在我左边 表示 在 里面 即物体内部 在 中间 即 middle 前 都用 in 例 Jim turned the key in the lock and opened the door 吉姆把钥匙插在锁孔里 转动一下 打开了门 Soon they were in the middle of the river 很快他们就 游到了河中间 1 I was always told that the three Ps were a sure path success 2 Don t be always particular your present work and income 3 It began to make sense to me that I could include praise along constructive criticism 4 He showed the public a limited edition four wheel drive car which is especially made his personal taste 5 Five were in critical condition head trauma 外伤 损伤 said Liz Crouch the center s chief operating officer 6 There is no easy way to success language learning 六 连词六 连词 从属连词从属连词 并列连词并列连词 A 引导各种从句的连词叫从属连词 如名词性从句 的引导词 what who which when where whatever whoever whichever whether 副词从句引导词 where wherever when if how unless until 1 Many things must be considered such as the person is interested in and how old he is 2 My face turned red on hearing my mother said 3 she would point out they had mastered and declared firmly they could learn what they had missed 4 The American Academy of Pediatrics 儿科 says children really need for health development is more good old fashioned playtime 5 I almost started to yell his name I suddenly remembered he was in bed asleep 6 children believe they can succeed they will never become totally independent 7 Statistics show that China carried out the opening up policy a total of one million students have gone abroad for study 8 we are satisfied with only a few rules we have memorized we are not really learning the language 9 5 5 Some people however maintain that this is precisely the danger lies B 并列句的各种关联词叫并列连词 如 and but or though although so 挖掉关联词 要想补上连词 思路必须与作者思路相吻合 1 I had no idea how to do it I tried to stay positive and persevered I finally found the solution 广 州二模 2 I asked my classmates about her interest I made my final decision 广州一模 3 Tom an 8 year old boy entered a hotel coffee shop sat at a table 深一模 4 It is difficult for parents of nearly every family to teach their children to be responsible for housework with one of the following suggestions you really can get your children to help at home 深圳罗湖 七 情态动词七 情态动词 主要考查的知识点 情态动词的基本含义和用法 情 态动词表推测的用法以及 情态动词 have v ed 结 构等 重点复习 may might can could 表 示 可 能 must can could may might have done 表示对过去 发生事情的推测 should ought to have done 表示对过去的责备 would rather have done 以及 had better have done 表示后悔 will shall 表示请求 许可 could might should have done 表示虚拟语气 例 16 Summer Holiday is drawing near Are you going home for the holiday I haven t decided yet I go home but it depends on the weather A must B need C may D will 八 形容词八 形容词 副词副词 主要考查的知识点 形容词作定语 形容词和副词的 比较等级 词义比较等 重点复习 重点复习 形容词和副词均属修饰性词类 但因被修饰的内 容有所不同而具备不同的用法 高考非常注重对 此进行考查 在完形填空和语法填空中出现过大 量此类试题 形容词与连系动词连用及修饰名 词 修饰行为动词 形容词 副词 过去分词及 整个句中用副词 两个事物进行比较应用比较级 三个或三个以 上事物进行比较应用最高级 形容词和副词在特定的语境中词义的比较 比较级的程度修饰语 much very much a lot a great deal far by far even still a bit a little rather any 数词 倍数 分数 百分数等 易混副词的辨析 如 specially especially particularly 等 例 9 What do you think of the film we saw last night I feel that the film is well worth seeing once again A strong B strongly C hardly D hard 1 One of the bad gift choices I ever made was for my high school English teacher Ms Chen 2 I put the paper aside and turned to the one at the top of which 3 Many other actors are badly off than me at present 4 In 2006 over 40 000 overseas students came back with 33 000 of them being self fund students 20 than the year before 九 挖掉表示起承转合的副词或副词性短语九 挖掉表示起承转合的副词或副词性短语 此功能于关联词相似 只是这种副词 短语 在用法 上更加灵活多变 典型的有 though however also therefore still besides in addition instead or otherwise first second then finally in a word 等等 1 This didn t bother me because maths had always been my strongest subject 2 Don t always scold and give lots of praise 十 词形变化或者词性变化十 词形变化或者词性变化 给出单词的原形 通过句子分析 缺少什么成分 再 用正确的单词形式补充完整 这属于比较基础的单词 拼写方面的能力要求 1 Mr Chen has taught me English since Junior 1 and to show my appreciate I decided to get her a present 2 fortunate I then noticed that I had just 10 minutes to complete the rest 3 Some people were now waiting for her service and the waitress grew a bit patience 4 Thirty five cents she said rude 5 I don t know if he placed the poem next to the failing grade to soft the blow but it work 6 I must know how to care for others and try not to understand them 7 you have done well and made great achievement in the entertain field 8 These people have made great contribute to China with their work 9 to check her recent inserted 插入 pacemaker 10 The tornadoes damaged several new built buildings 11 Numerous studies have shown that free play is very benefit It can help children become creative 12 they can see plays films operas and shows of every kind not to mention the latest excite football match 十一 特殊句型 或固定短语十一 特殊句型 或固定短语 考查对固定结构 短语 的熟悉掌握程度 属于字词 层面考查语法 1 It was not long the waitress came back and then she began to wipe down the table 2 was only after I heard she became sick that I learned she couldn t eat MSG 3 So careless was I I had forgotten all about that 6 6 4 as a matter of you have done well and made great achievement 5 When Carettson 29 a passenger was trying to bring Nicole s life 6 The child was stricken about a mile away the hospital 十二 定语从句的引导词 十二 定语从句的引导词 主要考查的知识点 引导定语从句的关系代词和关系 副词的选择 非限制性定语从句 由 whose where when that as 和 介词 关系代词 引导的定语从句是高考的热点 复习重点 复习重点 when 引导的定语从句 where 引导的定语从句和地点状语从句 表语从句 的区别 which 引导非限制性定语从句时 句子作先行词 和并列句的区别 as 引导的定语从句 such as the same as 以及 和目的 结果状语从句的辨别 分隔式定语从句的识别 能够区别定语从句和同位语从句 例 10 I ll never forget the days I lived in the factory with the workers is a great help to my article A that which B when which C which that D when who 1 The exam was originally to be held in our classroom was changed to the library at the last minute 2 Then I went to the department store I worked part time and bought her an expensive gift box of Sichuan beef 3 It was a poem about me included the time 4 At the same time there had been a growing number of overseas students came back to China after study 5 More and more Chinese students go abroad for study is supported by the Chinese government Keys 1 which 2 where 3 which 4 who 5 which 十三 状语从句十三 状语从句 主要考查的知识点 时间 目的 条件 原因 地 点和让步状语从句 重点复习 时间状语从句 尤其是 as since while when before until 等连接词 when where 引导的状语从句和定语从句的区别 让步状语从句的倒装 与非谓语动词作状语的区别和转化 例 11 After the war a new school building was set up there has once been a theatre A that B where C what D who 十四 名词性从句十四 名词性从句 主要考查的知识点 名词性从句主要考查语序 时态 和引导词 重点复习重点复习 whether if 和 that 的区别 that 从句和 wh 从句的区别 wh 引导的名词性从句不含疑问意义 相当于一 个名词后加定语从句 如 The book is where you left it just now 连接代词和连接副词的选择 例 12 Excuse me but can you tell the way to this small town It depends on you go There are several ways of getting there A where B how C when D whether 十五 十五 时态 语态时态 语态 主要考查的知识点 动词的时态 语态是每年的必考 点 也是历年高考重点考查的项目 通常考 2 3 个 小题 重点考查的是现在完成时 一般过去时 过去 进行时 将来完成时 完成进行时等 多和语态一起 考查 且通常以对话的形式出现且常出现两种时态混 合在一起进行比较 时态理解不准确是考生常见的错 误 把握住命题人的意图是至关重要的 一般来说 命题人在考查时态这个内容时总是设置一个语言情景 来实现 所以理解语言情景是关键 同时要在这个语 言环境里找到动作发生的时间或隐含的时间关系 只 要理解了情景与动作的时间关系 对照选项 就不难 把握命题意图 注意不要断章取义 同时还要注意时 态一致 重点复习重点复习 一般现在时和一般过去时的区别 现在完成时和一般过去时的区别 一般过去时同过去完成时的区别 一般现在时和现在进行时以