建环专业英语复习

中译英 Increasing supply temperatures and pressures result in thicker gauge pipes sturdier valves and higher insulation levels and therefore lead to increased costs 增加供水温度和压力会导致管子直径变厚 耐用阀门和绝缘等级高 因此导致 成本增加 The purpose of ventilation is to maintain in the building a prescribed condition and cleanliness of the air in other words temperature air velocity and concentrations 通风的目的是保持规定的条件和洁净的空气 换句话说 温度 空气流速和浓 度 The American Society of Heating Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers ASHRAE defines air conditioning as The process of treating air so as to control simultaneously its temperature humidity cleanliness and distribution to meet the requirements of the conditioned space 美国地区供暖 制冷与空调工程师 协会 定义 空气调节 为 在空气处 理过程中 同时控制其温度 湿度 洁净度 和气流分布来满足空调区域的需 求 When coil surfaces are at a temperature below the dew point of the air moisture will condense out of the air The oil surface temperature must be kept above freezing 当盘管表面的温度低于空气露点温度 空气中的水分凝结 油面温度必须保持 在冰点以上 The main equipment components of the vapor compression refrigeration system are the familiar evaporator compressor and condenser 蒸汽压缩制冷系统设备的主要部件是常见的蒸发器 压缩机 冷凝器 Air conditioning includes the heating cooling humidifying dehumidifying and cleaning filtering of air in internal environments 空调包括了传热 冷却 加湿 除湿和净化 英译中 1 Transmission system costs are a function of distance and the quantity of heat transmitted which in turn is determined by the temperature difference and the flow rate of the heat transmission medium 传输系统的成本是距离和热量传递的函数 反过来又取决于温差和传热媒介的 流速 2 Thus while the heat available at large power stations may technically be recovered for district heating and may match the heat demand of a large city the cost of the transmission line can be prohibitive 因此 大型发电站的热量在技术上可用于区域供热 并可以提供大城市所需热 量 但传输线的费用可能过大 使人望而却步 3 Heat is distributed from main transmission line to the consumer sometimes directly to the consumer s in house heat distribution system and sometimes through a heat exchanger to the consumer s in house distribution system 热量是由主传输线分配给用户 有时直接到消费者的室内热分布系统 有时通 过一个热交换器到消费者的室内热分布系统 4 The advent of high quality plastics pipes has made possible the utilization of low temperature water in floor heating systems perfectly compatible with the new heat source technology 高质量塑料管的出现使得在地板供热系统中使用低温水成为可能 地板供热加 湿系统完全可以和新热源技术兼容 5 The normal criterion for heating design is to achieve a specified air temperature against the given heat loss of the building at a specified outside ambient temperature 供热系统设计的正常标准是要获得指定的气温 这个指定的气温是指在一定的 室外环境温度下 抵消这个建筑物的一定热耗后的温度 6 Local extract ventilation is intended for removing polluted air at source to prevent the dispersal of impurities throughout the building 局部排风是把污染源处被污染的空气就地加以排除 防止污染物扩散到建筑物 内整个空间 7 In the steady state this pressure will be such that the total quantity of air leaving the building through specially provided vents or through random cracks in the external surfaces is equal to that which is introduced 在稳定的状态下 这样的压力达到这样的效果 这些空气的总数量通过专门提 供的通风口或通过外部表面的裂缝离开建筑 这些空气的数量等同于进入室内 空气的数量 8 In solving the problems of ventilation the following questions arise 1 What quantity of air should be supplied to the building per unit of time What quantity should be extracted and how 2 What characteristics should the incoming air have and is preliminary treatment of the air necessary heating cooling dehumidifying conditioning dust removal etc 3 What should be the disposition of the inlets and outlets 4 What should be the design of all the elements which determine the rate of air change 在解决通风的过程中 出现下列问题 1 单位时间应给建筑物提供多少数量 的空气 排出的空气量是多少及怎样排出 2 室内的空气应该有哪些状态 哪些初步处理是必须的 加热 冷却 除湿 空调 除尘 等 3 应该 如何布置入口和出口 4 怎样设计来保证空气的换气次数 9 Thus the water in the cooling coil of the air handling system does not have to be chilled to the temperature as low as the conventional one With a warmer evaporating temperature in the refrigeration cycle the chiller efficiency is increased 因此 在空气处理系统中冷却盘管的水没有必要被冷却到像常规温度一样低 制冷系统中使用一个较高的蒸发温度 冷却效率会提高 10 Building ventilation designers need completed and systematic information to understand the energy performance of this system for different types of buildings in different climate regions 建筑通风设计人员需要完整的系统的信息来了解这个系统在不同气候地区不同 类型的建筑物使用时的用能特点 11 However DV system without additional dehumidification measures could lead to a high indoor humidity in summer in regions with humid climate such as New Orleans and Nashville This is because the DV system does not have the capacity to dehumidify the outdoor air at a higher coil temperature than the MV system 然而 没有额外的除湿措施的置换通风系统 在夏季湿热气候的区域使用时可 能导致室内湿度高 如新奥尔良和纳什维尔 这是因为置换通风系统比混合通 风系统有更高的盘管温度时没有能力除湿 12 Relative humidity RH is a term used to express the amount of moisture in a given sample of air in comparison with amount of moisture the air would hold if totally saturated at the temperature of the sample 相对湿度是指一个技术术语 来描述给定的空气样品中的水蒸气 含量与相 同温度下空气达到饱和水蒸气含量的比值 13 All comfort cooling systems use one of the standard refrigerating cycles standard refrigerants standard types of compressors condensers piping refrigerant controls motor controls and evaporators 所有舒适空调系统使用其中一种标准的制冷循环 标准的制冷剂 标准压缩机 的类型 冷凝器 制冷剂管道 制冷剂控制系统 动力控制系统和蒸发器 14 They can be classified by arrangement of the mechanism 1 Self contained or unit coolers 2 Remote controlled from a distance The self contained system includes 1 Window units 2 Through the wall units 3 Cabinet units Remote units are of two types 1 The condensing units is remote The evaporator is installed in the room to be conditioned or in the main duct 2 The central air conditioning plant 他们根据机械装置的分布可分为 1 独立式或单元式机组 2 分体式机组 独 立式机组包括 1 窗体式 2 嵌入式 3 立柜式 分体式机组的类型分为 2 种 1 冷凝单元放置在远处 蒸发器是放在空调房间或主管道上 2 集中式空调 系统 15 Refrigeration commonly spoken of as a cooling process is more correctly defined as the removal of heat from a substance to bring it to or keep it at a desirable low temperature below the temperature of the surroundings 制冷 通常称为冷却过程 更准确的定义是从物质中去除热量 并把物质放置 或保持在一个低于环境的温度下的理想环境中 16 In applying the steady flow equation kinetic energy and potential energy terms were omitted because flow velocities are low to avoid fluid friction and undesirable pressure losses and height variation within a given refrigeration system is usually small these terms are numerically insignificant 在使用稳态稳流方程过程中 动能和势能项被省略 因为流速低 以至于流体 的摩擦和不必要的压力损失 而且在一个给定的制冷系统的高度变化通常是很 小的 所以这些项参数在数值可以忽略不计 集中采暖 central concentrated heating 局部采暖 local heating 集中送风采暖 localized air supply for air heating 热媒参数 heating medium parameter 区域供热 district heating heat supply 同程 异程 式系统 reversed direct return system 舒适性 工艺性 空调 comfort industrial process air conditioning 冷负荷 cooling load 风阀 air damper 风机盘管加新风系统 primary air fancoil system 最小新风量 minimum fresh air requirement 一 二 次回风 prima