初中非谓语动词专项复习

非谓语动词 1 非谓语动词专项复习非谓语动词专项复习 考点知识精讲 非谓语动词包括动名词 分词和不定式 没有人称和数的变化 但可以有自己的宾语 和状语 也可以和助动词结合构成进行时 完成时和被动语态 构 成句子成分 不定式 to 动词原 形 除谓语外的任何成分 有将要之 意 现在分 词 doing表语 宾语 定语 状语 主动 进 行分 词过去分 词 done表语 宾语 定语 状语 被动 完 成 动名词 doing主语 宾语 表语 定语 表一般情 况 考点一考点一 不定式不定式 1 不定式的基本形式 不定式的基本形式是 to 动词原形 它具有动词的特点 即可以有自己的宾语和状 语 但它没有人称与数的变化 在句中也不能作谓语 动词不定式和自己的宾语或状语构 成不定式短语 My father asked me not to read in bed 我爸爸告诉我不要在床上读书 2 不定式的句法作用 不定式的句法作用 动词不定式具有名词 形容词和副词的作用 它可以作主语 宾语 宾语补足语 定 语和状语等 1 作主语作主语 动词不定式作主语时 常用 it 作形式主语 而将真正的主语放在句末 构成下列结构 It is adj for sb to do sth 此结构中不能说 sb is adj It is adj of sb to do sth 此结构中可以说 sb is adj 或者 It is 名词 to do sth It s important for us to protect the environment 对我们来说 保护环境是很重要的 注 当在 kind good nice clever 等表示人的品质的形容词后 不用 for 而用 of It s very kind of you to help me 你帮助我真是太好啦 2 作宾语作宾语 一些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语 V sb to do sth 如 1 want would like wish hope expect help learn agree manage offer plan make a plan promise refuse be 情感类 adj to do sth can t wait get be ready to do take turns try do one s best decide make a decision choose fail prepare afford 2 pretend arrange beg care demand determine fear deserve 例如 Would you like to see a film this evening 你今晚想去看电影吗 在 find think 后跟不定式作宾语时 常用 it 代替 而将真正的宾语放在句末 I find it easy to read English every day 非谓语动词 2 我发现每天读英语很容易 3 宾语补足语宾语补足语 动词不定式作宾补时 它与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系 Lucy asked him to turn down the radio 露西要他关小收音机的音量 后面可以接动词不定式做宾补的动词有 V sb to do sth allow want would like ask tell encourage expect wish get help warn 不带 to 的动词不定式也可以做宾补 V sb do sth 这类 V 有使让动词 make let have 等 另外还有感官动词如 see watch hear feel find notice 等 4 作定语 中考不考 作定语 中考不考 动词不定式作定语时 应放在名词之后 它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系 I have a lot of homework to do 我有许多家庭作业要做 不定式是不及物动词时 作定语不能省去介词 Weihai is a good place to live in 威海是一个居住的好地方 5 作状语作状语 Mrs Wang went to Shanghai to see her daughter 目的 王太太去上海看她女儿 We re glad to meet you here 原因 我们很高兴在这见到你 He is too tired to work on 结果 他太累了而不能继续工作 6 做表语 做表语 My dream is to be a scientist 3 不定式的否定形式是在不定式前加 不定式的否定形式是在不定式前加 not They told us not to play basketball too long 他们告诉我们不要玩太长时间篮球 4 不定式常和疑问词 不定式常和疑问词 what which when where how 连用连用 相当于一个宾语从句 He didn t know where to go where to go where he should go 他不知道去哪里 5 两个动词不定式并列两个动词不定式并列 第二个动词不定式常省略 考点二考点二 动名词动名词 动名词由动词原形 ing 构成 与现在分词同形 动名词既有动词的性质 也有名词的 性质 在句中可作主语 宾语 表语 定语和状语等 1 作主语 作主语 动词做主语常用动名词形式 且后面的谓语动词用单数 Eating too much is bad for your health 吃得太多对身体健康有害 注 动名词和动词不定式作主语 在许多情况下可以通用 但动名词作主语多表示抽 象或多次的行为 不定式作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作 2 作表语 作表语 如 My mother s job is raising chicken 我母亲的工作是养鸡 3 作宾语 作宾语 只能接 V ing 做宾语的动词有 V doing doing 做宾语 非谓语动词 3 1 Enjoy finish mind can t stand be busy keep on feel like have fun trouble difficulty problems in practice finish give up consider put off suggest miss imagine can t help stop be worth avoid miss end up allow be get used to 习惯于 2 Forgive delay escape 如 I don t mind listening to that story again 我不介意再听一遍那个故事 4 作定语 作定语 放在名词前 说明该名词的功能或用途时 如 swimming pool living room sleeping bag hiding place 等 如 Let s join the singing group 让我们加入合唱队吧 5 后既可以接动名词 也可接动词不定式的动词 后既可以接动名词 也可接动词不定式的动词有 love like prefer begin start continue remember try stop forget hate need allo w go on 等 1 下列词的用法需要辨析 1 need to do sth need doing need to be done 2 remember forget to do sth remember forget doing sth 3 stop to do sth stop doing sth 4 try to do sth 努力去做某事 try doing sth 试着去做某事 5 mean to do 打算 想 mean doing sth 意味着 6 allow sb to do sth sb allowed to do sth allow doing sth 7 go on to do sth 做完一件事 接着去做另外一件事 go on doing sth 继续不停地做某事 2 记住下列词的用法 1 used to do sth be get used to doing sth be used to do sth 2 prefer doing sth to doing sth prefer to do sth rather than do sth would rather do sth than do sth would do sth rather than do sth 3 There is no need for sb to do sth 4 sb have time to do sth 5 too adj adv to do sth so that such that not enough for sb to do sth 6 It is adj for of sb to do sth It is best for sb to do sth It is time for sb to do sth It takes sb some time to do sth 6 介词后介词后如果接动词 应该如果接动词 应该用动名词用动名词形式形式 尤其注意一些含有介词的一些词组 eg 1 what how about have fun trouble difficulty problems in instead of be good at do well in by doing sth spend in doing sth feel like get be used to prefer doing to doing devote oneself to 致力于 献身于 keep from stop from make a contribution to be afraid of be proud of be used for be interested in 2 succeed in doing sth be fond of pay attention to make a contribution to 非谓语动词 4 devote oneself to insist on look forward to 7 当当 need require want 作作 需要需要 解时 后加动名词主动式等于不定式的被动式解时 后加动名词主动式等于不定式的被动式 The window needs cleaning The window needs to be cleaned 那扇窗户需要被清洗 考点三考点三 分词分词 1 分词的构成分词的构成 分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种 现在分词由 动词 ing 构成 过去分词的基本 形式是 动词 ed 但也有不规则的形式 2 分词的句法功能 分词的句法功能 功 能例 句说 明 定 语 Do you know the girl standing under the tree 你认识站在树下面的那个女孩吗 分词作定语 其逻辑主语就是它 所修饰的词 状 语 The students went out of the classroom talking and laughing 学生们谈笑着走出了教室 分词的逻辑主语是句子的主句主 语 表 语 The boy is too frightened to move 这个男孩太害怕了以至于不能动了 现在分词表示主语的性质 特征 过去分词表示某种状态 补足语 Don t keep us waiting for a long time 不要让我们等得太久 I heard him singing in the classroom 我听到他正在教室里唱歌呢 He ll have his hair cut after school 放 学后他要去理发 现在分词作补足语 被补足的宾 语或主语是它的逻辑主语 即主动关 系 过去分词作补足语 被补足的 宾语或主语是它的逻辑宾语 即被动 关系 注 1 作定语或表语 作定语或表语 现在分词表示 令人 的 主语一般是物 过去分词表示 感 到 的 主语一般是人 这类动词有 interste surprise excited 等 He is surprised to hear the news 他听到那个消息感到很吃惊 news is surprising 那个消息令人吃惊 2 作宾补 作宾补 V sb doing 现在分词做宾补 这类 V 有 感官动词 包括 find 和 notice there be keep 等 Don t keep us waiting for a long time 不要让我们等得太久 I heard him singing in the classroom 我听到他正在教室里唱歌呢 He ll have his hair cut after school 放学后他要去理发 3 作定语 作定语 放在名词的前面 单个的词 或后面 词组 1 现在分词做定语表示主动或正在进行 如 the sleeping boy the boy sitting under the tree 2 动词的过去分词做定语表示被动或完成 表示被动 如 the poems written by Li Bai the money made by my parents 非谓语动词 5 或表示完成 如 the developed countries the risen sun 表示完成 the developing countries the rising sun 表示正在进行 表示正在进行 4 作状语 作状语 如 The boy came into the classroom singing pop songs 表示伴随 做伴随状 语 考点四 其它考点四 其它 1 辨析 辨析 1 有些动词或词组后接动名词或不定式均可 但意义稍有差别 stop to do sth 停下来去做某事 stop doing sth 停止做某事 Stop thinking please 请停止思考 Stop to think about it for a moment 停下来想一会儿 remember to do sth 记住要做某事 动作未发生 remember doing sth 记得曾做过某事 动作以发生 I remember posting your letter 我记得把你的信寄出去了 信已寄出 Please remember to post my letter 请记住把我的信寄出去 信尚未寄出 forget to do sth 忘记做某事 动作未发生 forget doing sth 忘记做过某事 动作以发生 I forgot to bring my homework 我忘记带作业了 没带作业 I forgot bringing my homework 我忘记已把作业带来了 作业已带来 try to do sth 努力去做某事 try doing sth 试着去做某事 He tried speaking English to us 他试着用英语和我们谈话 Please try to do better next time 下次设法做得更好些 go on to do sth 做完一件事 接着去做另外一件事 go on doing sth 继续不停地做某事 Go on to do the other exercise after you finish this one 做完这个练习题后 接着做另 一个练习题 Go on doing the exercise after a short rest 休息一会儿之后 我们继续做练习 allow doing sth 允许做某事 allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某事 We don t allow smoking here 我们不允许在这儿吸烟 We don t allow students to go out on school days 上学时 我们不允许学生外出 2 现在分词和动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别现在分词和动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别 即区别 V sb do sth 和 V sb doing sth 我们常见的动词如 see watch notice hear feel have 等 它们接不带 to 的不定 式作宾补 表示已经完成了的或经常性的动作 接现在分词作宾补 表示动作正在进行着 非谓语动词 6 I heard him singing in the classroom 我听到他正在教室里唱歌 唱 这个动作正 在进行 I heard him sing in the classroom 我听到他在教室里唱歌了 唱 这个动作已结束 3 易混句式易混句式 have sb do sth have sb doing sth have sth to do 和和 have sth done 的的 区别 区别 have sb do sth 意为 让某人做某事 have 可以用 let make 代替 不定式往往表示 一次性的具体动作 且强调动作已经完成或尚未发生 The soldiers had the boy stand with his back to his father 士兵们让这个男孩背对他的父 亲站着 have sb doing sth 意为 让某人做某事 have 可以用 keep 代替 现在分词 doing 这 个动作往往具有持续进行的含义 The two men had the boy running all night long 那两个人让这个男孩跑了一夜 have sth done 意为 让他人做某事 即 ask sb else to do sth 过去分词 done 这个 动作由他人 即非主语本身 来完成 且含有被动意义 The driver had his car washed once a week 那位司机每周叫人洗一次车 have sth to do 意为 主语自己还有某事要做 这个动作由主语本身完成 且含有 主动意义 I have much homework to do 4 不带不带 to 的动词不定式做宾补 的动词不定式做宾补 V sb do sth 这类 V 有使让动词 make let have 等 另外还有感官动词如 see watch hear feel find notice 等 5 一些句型后常加动词原形一些句型后常加动词原形 eg 情态动词后常接动词原形 why not do sth why don t you do sth shall we do sth Could I you do sth could would you please do sth will you do sth 实战演练 一 实战演练 一 1 Why not your teacher for help when you can t finish it by yourself A ask write B to ask writing C ask writing D asking write 2 Hi Tom Can you tell me when for London Yes tomorrow afternoon A leaving B leaves C to leave D are you leaving 3 May I listen to the music here Mr White Sorry you d better it like that A not to doB not doC don t doD not do to 4 More and more young people are trying to do something the old A served B to serve C serve D serves 5 The fruit salad tastes delicious Could you tell me A where to do it B when to do it C what to do D how to do it 6 Peter is busy at school but he never forgets exercise every day A working doing B working to do C at work do 7 Why did you buy a radio 非谓语动词 7 English A Learn B Learning C To learn D Be learning 8 Do you know Neil Armstrong Yes He is the first man on the moon A walk B walks C to walk D walked 9 Have you made up your mind the sick kids By singing songs A what to tell B how to cheer up C when to help D where to look after 10 The doctor did what he could the dying man A save B to save C saved D saving 11 The global financial crisis 金融危机 has made many people their money A to care for B took care of C be careful with D to be cared about 12 Mum can I have something Oh dear You can only drink some water There is in the kitchen A to drink nothing else B drinking something else C to eat something else D eating nothing else 13 We must do everything we can waste water from running into rivers A keep B kept C to keep D keeping 14 My roommate often asks me her to play chess A teach B teaching C to teach 15 He ll use what he has her a new dress A bought B to buy C buying D been bought 16Xiao Li said she would rather join us A did not B to not C not D not to 17 The old lady didn t know when the house caught fire A how to do B how to do it C what to do D what to do it 18 The teacher asked Ben a difficult question in class A answer B answering C to answer D answered 19 Everyone should know to save themselves when a fire breaks out A whether B what C when D how 20 What should we do to fight A H1N1 flu We should wash hands often avoid to crowded places and so on A go B going C gone D to go 21 The woman made his son finally after she told him some jokes A laughedB to laughC laughD laughing 22 When we practice speaking English we often end up in Chinese A to speak B speaking C spoken D speak 23 There are so many kinds of MP5 in the shop We can t decide A what to buy B to buy what C which to buy D to buy which 24 How about in the river with us Sorry I can t My parents often tell me that 非谓语动词 8 A swim don t do B swim to do C swimming not do D swimming not to do 25 more about tomorrow s weather call 121 OK I will Thank you A Know B Knowing C To know D Known 26 Don t forget my parents when you are in Beijing OK I won t A to see B sees C seeing 27 If the question incorrectly question will be given to you A is answered other B answer other C is answered another D answer another 28 My football socks are out How long have you them A worn bought B wearing had C wearing bought D worn had 29 Your English is pretty good How about some advice to me With pleasure A give B givesC giving 30 Please remember the lights when you leave the room OK I will A turn off B to turn offC turning off The boy is looking forward to a good time after the exam A to have B has C having D have 31 The teacher told the students any food into the computer room A not to bring B not bring C don t bring D bring not 32 We don t have much homework this weekend Shall we go out together OK What about a movie A to see B seeing C to see D sees 33 There are so many kinds of computers in the shop I really don t know to choose A what B which C how D where 34 I d like you for a picnic with us A go B to goC going D went 35 As teenagers we re old enough with housework We can help set the table wash the dishes and clean our own rooms A to help B helping C helped 36 Danny did all kinds of things to make the baby A to stop crying B stop crying C to stop to cry D stop to cry 37 What are on show in the museum Some photos by the children of Yushu Qinghai A have been taken B were taken C are taken D taken 38 We have two rooms but I can t decide A to live to choose which one B lived choose which one C to live in which one to choose D live which one 39 Why not an English club to practice English A to join to speak B join speaking C join to speak D to join speaking 40 James I m too tired Let s stop a rest A having B have C to having D to have 非谓语动词 9 41 Are you going to Tibet for vacation Yes I want you to me with some information about it A offer B giveC show D provide 42 Father often tells me too much time on computer games A don t spend B not spend C not to spend D not spending 43 At least 300 million people are using QQ by Ma Huateng to chat on line A create B creates C creating D created 44 I can t decide You mean the purple sweater or the blue one A how to go there B who to go with C where to visit D which to choose 45 How about going shopping this weekend Peter Sorry I prefer rather than A to stay at home go out B to go out stay at home C staying at home go out D going out stay at home 实战演练 二 实战演练 二 1 I m thirsty Will you get me something A drink B to drink C eat D eating 2 It was great fun a picnic on the hill A to have B of having C have D had 3 It s bad for your eyes computer games for a long time A plays B to play C play D played 4 Do you often hear John in his room Yes Listen Now we can hear him in his room A sing to sing B singing singing C sing singing D to sing singing 5 Why not A let him to go home B to let him go home C let him go home D to let him to go home 6 They were made fourteen hours a day A work B working C worked D to work 7 Is it always easier friends than to keep them A making B make C to make D made 8 It Jack twenty minutes the math problem yesterday A took to work out B takes worked out C has taken work out D is taking working out 9 When you leave don t forget off the light A to turn B turning C turn D turned 10 Who do you think you d like A to make friends B make friends C to make friends with D make friends with 11 Although Jeff loves KFC he tries it too often A to eat B not eat C to not eat D not to eat 12 Hi Betty Shall we go swimming this Sunday 非谓语动词 10 This Sunday I am sorry I have a lot of homework this Sunday A to do B done C do D to be done 13 Sally had no pen yesterday morning A to write B to write with C writing D writing with 14 John asked David how Christmas A celebrating B to celebrate C to be celebrated D celebrate 15 We all considered Mr Zhao teacher A be the best B to be the best C being best D being the best 16 It s very kind you to me the heavy bag A for tell to take B of thank for C to speak to have D of help carry 17 Have you decided A to go with whom B whom to go with C whom go with D with whom to go 18 Her hope a gold medal in the 2008 Olympic Games A to win B is to win C winning D will win 19 The meeting room is big enough one hundred people A holding B hold C to hold D holds 20 Would you please pass me the knife A to cut the watermelon with B to cut the watermelon C cutting the watermelon D cutting the watermelon with 21 It is better to teach a man to fish than him fish A giving B to give C gives D gave 22 The policeman warned the young man after drinking A never to drive B to never drive C never driving D never drive 23 What do you think is the best way the wild animals A protecting B to protect C protected D protect 24 I d rather on the land in a factory A work than work B work work C to work than to work D to work to work 25 My grandfather is used a hat in winter A to wear B for wearing C wearing D to wearing 26 I m sorry you enough help A have given B of not giving C not to have given D to have given 27 Some students from Grade 9 do some for the old A volunteered to clean B volunteered cleaning C volunteered to cleaning D volunteered clean 28 The young man was often seen by the lake A to draw B to drawing C draw D drew 29 Tom is to make a living by himself A very old B too young C too big D too strong 30 I find him all about it A necessary to tell B that necessary to C necessary it to tell D it necessary to tell 31 The old man seems in a great hurry 非谓语动词 11 A be B to be C being D to being 32 I the same neighborhood with the lovely girl A happened living in B happened to live in C was happening living in D was happening to live 33 It s time for supper now Let s it A stop to have B stop having C to stop to have D to stop having 34 You are not expected such long hours A to work B working C worked D work 35 His father agreed 4 000 for the car A with paying B to paying C to pay D on paying 36 The man pretended when we saw him A to be eaten B eating C being eating D to be eating 37 He doesn t know A when to do B what to do C how to do D where to do 38 Today we use machines us do most of our work A to help B help C helping D helped 39 She preferred me there A to stay B would stay C I stay D stay 40 We re going to help the trees A watered B watering C to watering D water 实战演练 三 实战演练 三 1 No one enjoys at A laughing B to laughC being lau