阅读技巧--细节题

1 阅读理解之细节理解题 戴着面纱 的 事实 型细节理解题 所谓细节理解题 是指文章提到了与某个题相关的时间 地点 人物或事件 破解 事实 型细节理解题 就像是在揭开一层面纱 抓住文章中的事实和细节是做好该类型试题的关键 也是做好其他类型试题的基 础 换句话说 该类型试题大部分都可以在文章中直接找到与答案有关的信息或者转换了说法的句子 解 题中非常重要 它包括理解作者在叙述某事时使用的事实性材料 其实在一篇文章里 大部分篇幅都属于 这类围绕主体展开的细节 专家支招专家支招 考查目的考查目的 考查学生快速捕捉信息考查学生快速捕捉信息 进行综合分析和归纳的能力 进行综合分析和归纳的能力 命题形式命题形式 形式灵活形式灵活 针对文章中的信息来设问 具体有针对文章中的信息来设问 具体有 直接信息题 直接信息题 间接信息题 间接信息题 综合信息题 综合信息题 是非辨别题 是非辨别题 事实排序题 事实排序题 数据计算题等 数据计算题等 应试策略应试策略 细心审题细心审题 直接就题找答案 解题时直接就题找答案 解题时 不必通篇细看原文不必通篇细看原文 可以采取可以采取 带着问题找答案带着问题找答案 的方法的方法 先从问题中抓住关键性词语先从问题中抓住关键性词语 然后以此为线索然后以此为线索 运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的 段落 语句 仔细品味段落 语句 仔细品味 多点归纳多点归纳 综合分析综合分析 变通理解和判断变通理解和判断 最后确定答案 最后确定答案 2 2013 湖北卷 Some years ago writing in my diary used to be a usual activity I would return from school and spend the expected half hour recording the day s events feelings and impressions in my little blue diary I did not really need to express my emotions by way of words but I gained a certain satisfaction from seeing my experiences forever recorded on paper After all isn t accumulating memories a way of preserving the past When I was thirteen years old I went on a long journey on foot in a great valley wellequipped with pens a diary and a camera During the trip I was busy recording every incident name and place I came across I felt proud to be spending my time productively dutifully preserving for future generations a detailed description of my travels On my last night there I wandered out of my tent diary in hand The sky was clear and lit by the glare of the moon and the walls of the valley looked threatening behind their screen of shadows I automatically took out my pen At that point I understood that nothing I wrote could ever match or replace the few seconds I allowed myself to experience the dramatic beauty of the valley All I remembered of the previous few days were the dull characterizations I had set down in my diary Now I only write in my diary when I need to write down a special thought or feeling I still love to record ideas and quotations that strike me in books or observations that are particularly meaningful I take pictures but not very often only of objects I find really beautiful I m no longer blindly satisfied with having something to remember when I grow old I realize that life will simply pass me by if I stay behind the camera busy preserving the present so as to live it in the future I don t want to wake up one day and have nothing but a pile of pictures and notes Maybe I won t have as many exact representations of people and places maybe I ll forget certain facts but at least the experiences will always remain inside me I don t live to make memories I just live and the memories form themselves 语篇解读 这是一篇富有生活哲理的记叙文 作者小时候喜欢写日记 每天忙着把 现在 记录在本子上 但她 13 岁时的一次经历使她意识到 我们应该学会享受而不是记录 现在 活着不是为了记忆 1 Before the age of thirteen the author regarded keeping a diary as a way of A observing her school routine B expressing her satisfaction C impressing her classmates D preserving her history 解析 细节理解题 第一段在讲述作者小时候记日记的经历之后说 把记忆积累起来 这不就是在保 存过去吗 由此可知选 D 答案 D 2 What caused a change in the author s understanding of keeping a diary 3 A A dull night on the journey B The beauty of the great valley C A striking quotation from a book D Her concerns for future generations 解析 细节理解题 第二 三段描述作者 13 岁的那次经历 当时作者还是热衷于为了将来的回忆而记 录 现在 但晚上她看到山谷的美丽时突然明白 我写的任何东西都比不上此时让自己好好体验山谷的 美丽 从此作者的态度发生了转变 答案 B 3 What does the author put in her diary now A Notes and beautiful pictures B Special thoughts and feelings C Detailed accounts of daily activities D Descriptions of unforgettable events 解析 细节理解题 第四段说 作者现在只把自己特殊的想法或情感写在日记中 即 B 项所陈述的 而不是 笔记和美丽的图画 日常活动的详细记载 对难忘的事情的描述 答案 B 4 The author comes to realize that to live a meaningful life is A to experience it B to live the present in the future C to make memories D to give accurate representations of it 解析 推理判断题 最后一段作者说 也许我会忘了一些事实 但至少 这些经历将一直在我的脑海 里 这就是主人公对生活的感悟 把握现在 感受今天 生活 重在感受而不是为了回忆而记忆 答案 A 做这类题一般采用寻读法 即先读题 然后带着问题快速阅读文章 找出与问题有关的词语或句子 再对 相关部分进行分析对比 找出答案 例如 真题示例第 3 题 根据第四段 Now I only write in my diary when I need to write down a special thought or feeling 可知 作者把自己特殊的想法或情感写在日记中 故 B 项正确 Test 1 2013 湖北武汉四月调研 Sarah Outland s weeklong staycation gave her a chance to explore her new surroundings after moving to Chicago A day after moving to the Windy City last year Outland started a new job and never got a chance to explore her new surroundings After nine months as a resident she finally took a week off work to visit famous landmarks museums and shopping centers that were right under her nose If you glance through a newspaper or listen to a news broadcast recently you may hear or spot a strange word staycation Staycation is a new word the American press is employing to describe a vacation very close to your home or simply staying at home during your vacation It is a combination of the words stay and vacation According to many news reports these staycations are achieving great popularity among American families this year When asked about the reason for their expected staycation respondents stated gas prices are too high 61 percent travel in general is too expensive 44 percent The high price of gas for cars and airplanes has made it very expensive for Americans to travel compared to past years When you combine this with the weak American dollar it all adds up to people deciding to stay close to home during their traditional summer vacations For aggressive young Americans who are trying to balance family and work a staycation can be a great concept They want to enjoy their homes and the attractions in their area without the stress of packing or making reservations They won t be paying high fuel prices either directly at the pump or indirectly in airfare other than the gas required to drive around town Absolutely it s friendlier on the environment when locals take trips to attractions in their own area and not everyone is game for a vacation that involves staying on a hotel compound Few people live close enough to a real destination to make this worth their while 4 语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文 居家度假 是当下流行的一种旅游方式 因为旅游成本低 很多人选择 到本地的旅游点度假 文章主要介绍了当今在美国有关居家度假的一些情况 1 How long after moving to Chicago did Sarah Outland take a staycation A A day B A week C A month D Nine months 解析 细节理解题 根据第一段最后一句中的 After nine months as a resident she finally took a week off work to visit famous landmarks 可知 D 项正确 答案 D 2 The author develops the second paragraph of the passage by A making a comparison B giving a definition C offering an analysis D providing an example 解析 推理判断题 根据第二段第二句 Staycation is a new word the American press is employing to describe a vacation very close to your home or simply staying at home during your vacation 可知 第二段介 绍了 居家旅游 的概念 答案 B 3 Staycations are popular with American people mainly due to A high traveling expenses B stress of packing C relatively low income D lack of real destinations 解析 细节理解题 根据第三段第二句 respondents stated gas prices are too high 61 percent travel in general is too expensive 44 percent 可知 A 项正确 答案 A 4 The underlined part is game for in Para 4 means A is tolerant of B is opposed to C is willing to try D is expert in 解析 词义猜测题 由语境可知 当地人在自己周围的景点旅游无疑对当地的环境有益 而且并非人人 都愿意尝试酒店聚会式的度假模式 答案 C Test 2 2013 湖北省部分重点中学高三下学期联考 Debate Can stricter gun control laws decrease the rate of crimes involving guns Yes because with fewer weapons you get fewer crimes Take a look at the crime rates of countries like the United Kingdom Their crime rate is very low compared to ours here in the United States Just by simply putting stricter laws in place on who can own them it will greatly reduce the crimes involving guns Posted by 5h4yGlory Past Practice There was an assault weapon 攻击性武器 ban back in 1994 under Bill Clinton Shootings and crime did not go down for the 10 years when this law was in effect Criminals do not follow rules The law only affects those who try to obey the law to arm them to protect themselves Posted by jb1988 Wake up you Americans It s hardly surprising that America has one of the highest gun related murder rates of all countries And of course guns don t kill people but the more people own guns the easier it is to get access to one the higher the chance of people using it to kill somebody is In Germany we have really strict gun laws and only a few people own guns and obviously we don t need them There s no reason that a normal citizen would need a gun Guns are made for one reason only killing Posted by cstephie13 More gun control laws fewer shootings On the same day as the Sandy Hook tragedy a man in China entered a primary school with a knife and injured 22 students on December 14 However nobody was killed Compare that to the 26 students and teachers killed at Sandy Hook in Connecticut with a powerful gun We must learn something from this tragedy Posted by Jasonx986 5 Gun violence goes up with more gun control Criminals will take advantage of the situation They will do whatever they want and take whatever they want and kill whoever gets in their way They will get guns illegally Crime rates go up as a result of more gun control because criminals know you don t have one and they will kill you as they like Banning guns doesn t make any sense Posted by eebnflow 语篇解读本文是某网络论坛网民就 更为严格的枪支控制法规能否降低持枪犯罪率 这一话题进行的讨论 5 We can infer that jb1988 A has a gun B was working under Bill Clinton C is in favor of gun control laws D is against gun control laws 解析 考查推理判断 根据第二个帖子的最后一句 The law only affects those who try to obey the law to arm them to protect themselves 可以判断 jb1988 对枪支控制是持反对态度的 答案 D 6 Which of the following does cstephie13 probably agree with A The USA has one of the highest murder rates in the world B The more people own guns the more people will be killed by them C People need guns to protect themselves in time of danger D Guns are made to protect rather than kill 解析 考查细节理解 根据第三个帖子的第二句中的 but the more people own guns the easier it is to get access to one the higher the chance of people using it to kill somebody is 可以得出 cstephie13 认为拥有枪 的人越多 被枪杀死的人也会越多 答案 B 7 What do we know about the Sandy Hook tragedy A 22 students were injured without any deaths B 26 primary students were killed by a knife C The tragedy took place on December 14 in Connecticut D 22 students and teachers were killed by a powerful gun 解析 考查细节理解 根据第四个帖子的第一句 On the same day as the Sandy Hook tragedy on December 14 可知 美国康涅狄格州桑迪胡克小学枪击案发生在 12 月 14 日 答案 C 8 Which of the following thinks that guns should not be controlled A 5h4yGlory B cstephie13 C Jasonx986 D eebnflow 解析 考查细节理解 根据最后一个帖子的最后一句 Banning guns doesn t make any sense 可知 eebnflow 是反对枪支控制的 答案 D Test 3 2013 湖北省部分重点中学高三下学期联考 You are never really alone in science at least not at first Most academic careers start with a PhD which involves work closely with a supervisor or an adviser Nonetheless it s worth thinking about whether you ll join a team of thousands or on the contrary work hard for a temporary alliance of two Join a large team and you might play a part in something as big as landing a science laboratory on Mars But you ll have to work exceptionally hard to make your contribution familiar to future employers Working on your own or with a small group puts you in control and makes it easier for future employers to see your accomplishments It s slightly more dangerous there s no one to blame when things go wrong but it s an exciting way to go if you can When I started my PhD in 2005 my supervisor set me to work with a small informal team I still spend about half my time working with some of the same people on rather different projects The team brings help in the form of resources and friendly criticism The field you choose determines whether this mode of working will be suitable In experimental particle 6 physics for instance it s almost essential to work in a big group Astronomy the field in which I work finds itself in an inbetween state historically most work was accomplished by individuals or small groups but that situation is changing As telescopes become larger and more complex they require larger groups of engineers and scientists to build them run them and interpret their results The Planck surveyor satellite for instance lists around 200 authors on its early papers Individuals or small groups can still work on big things Every day I take my own decisions about what I ll do next sometimes that s scary but more often it s enormous fun If you re doing some research and going small is an option I d recommend it 语篇解读 这是一篇说