高考英语阅读理解题解题技巧

1 高考英语阅读理解题解题技巧高考英语阅读理解题解题技巧 一 四选一型阅读一 四选一型阅读 高考阅读不同文体按照题型分类主要分为五大类 细节题 推理题 主旨 大意题 词义句意猜测题 结构顺序题 1 1 细节题解题技巧 细节题解题技巧 细节题 顾名思义 就是指针对文章的某个细节而设置的试题 细节题的 命题方法很多 如可能是对某个细节用同义结构转换后进行考查 也可能是将 文章中的几个细节 通常是四个 放在一起要求考生判断是非 选出正确的一 项或选出错误的一项 或对几个细节进行排序等 解答这类试题时 一个常用解答这类试题时 一个常用 的方法就是运用定位法 即根据题干或选项中的线索词从原文中找到相关的句的方法就是运用定位法 即根据题干或选项中的线索词从原文中找到相关的句 子 与选项进行比较从而确定答案 此时要特别注意一些常见的同义转换 子 与选项进行比较从而确定答案 此时要特别注意一些常见的同义转换 现在围绕上述的定位理论 引申出几个小的技巧 1 1 关键信息定位法 关键信息定位法 这个主要是细节题 如涉及到数字 日期 时间 价格等 就可以在文章中快速圈出数字 再找出目标数字及相对应的细节作 息 还有人物姓名 地点名词等等 其他的还包括一些提示情节发展 或条纲 性关键字眼 如 First Next Finally 等等 As a young girl growing up in the 1930s I always wanted to fly a plane but back then it was almost unheard of for a woman to do that I got a taste of that dream in 2011 when my husband arranged for me to ride in a hot air balloon for my birthday 2011 年高考英 语北京 A 篇 What happened to the author in 2011 A She flew an airplane B She entered a competition C She went on a hot air balloon ride D She moved into a retirement community 解析 此题属典型细节题 通过题干中的时间 in 2011 不难定位到文中粗 体字部分 很容易可以锁定正解为 C 2 2 同义定位法 同义定位法 英文中可以用 Paraphrase 表示 同义定位就是指问题 所用的关键词和文中的不一致 但属于同义性质 同义转换其实是在关键间的 基础上拐了个弯 He longs for conversations with an editor who will help him turn his good ideas into great ones He wants someone to get excited about what he s doing and to help him turn his story idea upside down and inside out exploring the best ways to report it He wants to be more valuable for your paper 2010 年高考英语北京 B 篇 2 What does the reporter want most from his editors in their talks A Finding the news value of his stories B Giving him financial support C Helping him to find issues D Improving his good ideas 解析 此题属细节题 定位方式为同义定位法 题干中的 talks 和文章中 conversations 对应 而 want most 和 longs for 对应 这样不难得出答案为 D 小结 在阅读中 精准快速的定位加上正确的理解力才能保证做题的量与 质 定位法是需要在做题的过程中有意识的培养的 做题的技巧也是可以总结 的 关键是要自觉培养这种分析归纳和总结的意识以及能力 二 七选五型阅读二 七选五型阅读 考生需要在语篇信息存在缺失的情况下 准确理解整篇文章 特别是设题 部位前后句的逻辑关系 通过上下文的线索进行判断 预测下文 然后做出正 确判断 命题分析 我们如果把整篇文章看成一个信息群 这个信息群实际上是由 两大信息版块构成的 已知信息 原文在五处空缺之外的没有被挖掉的信息 待选信息 七个待选选项中的信息 这两个信息板块间绝不是孤立的 而是有紧密的互动逻辑关系 连起来是 一篇完整的文章 考试题型对学生的考察能力来看无外乎两个方面 1 把握整篇文章的布局和逻辑层次关系 2 把握微观信息间关联性 即空格前后句间关系 解题方法 词汇同现 词汇复现 代词妙用 数字线索 逻辑线索 Muzak The next time you go into a bank a store or a supermarket stop and listen What do you hear 71 It s similar to the music you listen to but it s not exactly the same That s because this music was especially designed to relax you or to give you extra energy Sometimes you don t even realize the music is playing but you react to the music anyway Quiet background music used to be called elevator 电梯 music because we often heard it in elevators But lately we hear it in more and more places and it has a new name Muzak About one third of the people in America listen to Muzak everyday The 3 music plays for 15 minutes at a time with short pauses in between It is always more lively between ten and eleven in the morning and between three and four in the afternoon when people are more tired 72 If you listen to Muzak carefully you will probably recognize the names of many of the songs Some musicians or songwriters don t want their songs to be used as Muzak but others are happy when their songs are chosen Why 73 Music is often played in public places because it is designed to make people feel less lonely when they are in an airport or a hotel It has been proven that Muzak does what it is designed to do Tired office workers suddenly have more energy when they hear the pleasant sound of Muzak in the background 74 Supermarket shoppers buy 38 percent more groceries 75 They say it s boring to hear the same songs all the time But other people enjoy hearing Muzak in public places They say it helps them relax and feel calm One way or another Muzak affects everyone Some farmers even say their cows give more milk when they hear Muzak 2010 年高考英语北京卷 A Some people don t like Muzak B The music gives them extra energy C Music is playing in the background D Factory workers produce 13 percent more E Muzak tends to help people understand music better F They ge t as much as 4 million a year if their songs are used G Muzak is played in most of the big supermarkets in the world 答案 CBFDA 代词妙用 代词指代前面提到的 thing 所以只要找到与代词含义一致的 词就可搞定 71 空格后面出现 It s similar to the music you listen to 那么 我们只要分析出其中的 it 的具体指代即可 通过题目及略读下文 我们很 容易知道该文介绍一种音乐 而且第一段故作悬念 一直未给出其名字 所以 我们只要找到选项中包含音乐一词而没有点名缪扎克一词的即可 很容易锁定 BC 选项 因为 B 项意义与下文相去甚远 故舍 B 取 C 没商量 75 空格后出现 They say it s boring to hear the same songs all the time 同理 我们就要确定 they 的具体指代 首先由于 say 的 出现 我们锁定 they 为人的复数 所以轻松锁定 ADF 所谓真金不怕火来 4 炼 D 显然逻辑不通 F 由于其主语也为人 段落第一句永远不会出现意思不明 的代词 we you 除外 因为它们可以明确指代广义的人 故轻松排除 F 选 出真金 A 72 此题虽然不是明显的后文出现代词 但其前亦有代词出现 It is always more lively between ten and eleven in the morning 下文承接 上文 肯定有联系 找出 it 的具体指代 the music 轻松选出 B 项 注 也可应用词汇复现法 词汇复现法 情非得已时选择的一种方法 知道与前后文中有词汇重复的 选项即可 有时也可指含义一致的词汇 如 72 73 前文中 but others