高考动词语态总结与练习

动词语态动词语态 构成 动词的被动语态由 be 过去分词构成 其时态由 be 的不同时态来表示 Eg1 A few natural elements exist in such small quantities that they in their natural environments A rarely see B have rarely seen C rarely being seen D are rarely seen Eg2 I got caught in the rain and my suit A has ruined B had ruined C has been ruined D had been ruined Eg 3 Dr Kirimitsu and his colleagues studied the medical records up to 2004 by which time some of the problems A had solved B had been solved C has solved D have been solved 一 动词语态转换 第一类 直接转换 keep sb sth clean be kept clean make sth possible be made possible 补足语往往是形容词或者不定式 第二类 使用 it 句型 It is agreed argued assumed believed considered decided estimated hoped recognized recommended reported required said suggested supposed thought well known that 常用于主语从句中 第三类 结构转换 be said considered supposed believed to do sth 非谓语结构从动词语态方面考察 Eg1 An animal which is moved from the tropics to a cold climate will die if it A does not keep warm B is not kept warm C does not keep warmth D is not kept warmly Eg2 At one time computers to remove the need for paper copies of documents because they could be stored electronically A expected B were expecting C are expecting D were expected Eg3 At what time will the lecture begin at 10 am A It is scheduled to begin B It schedules to begin C It schedules to be begun D It has scheduled to begin Eg4 He to earn ten thousand yuan a month but I doubt whether he can earn so much A says B has said C is said D is saying 二 解题要点 1 分析题干空格所在句中主语与谓语动词的语义关系 判断谓语动词使用主动语态还是被 动语态 主语是动作的执行者 主动语态 主语是动作的承受者 被动语态 2 根据题干语境确定被选动词的时态 3 掌握动词被动语态的动词形式 4 观察干扰项 主要是 语态干扰 以时态干扰 以非谓语形式干扰 以动词被动结构形 式干扰 三 使用误区 表示心理状态的动词 如 amuse astonish satisfy fascinate interest 等 Eg1 Neither of the twin brothers who had applied for a scholarship of 500 dollars A will be satisfied B satisfied C has satisfied D was satisfied Eg2 I to see my wife back home again but I when I heard her story A astonished amused B was astonished amused C astonished was amused D was astonished was amused 四 注意动词词义和使用结构 reduce vt reduce pressure speed quantity prices Eg This shirt was greatly reduced in the sale concern vt concern oneself with about be concerned about 不用反身代词的就用被动语态 Eg In recent years many people about the safety of blood in blood banks A have become concerned B have concerned C became concerned D have become concerning mark vt mark the goods with prices mark prices on the goods be marked with dates entitle vt entitle sb to do sth This ticket entitles you to travel first class Eg He was entitled to a rest after a day s work Occupy vt occupy oneself with in doing sth be occupied in with equip vt equip sb sth with 装备 配备 equip sb for 使有准备 使能够 做某事 be equipped with for 使有准备 使能够 做某事 prepare vt prepare sb for 使某人做好准备 prepare to do sth 为 做准备 be prepared for 使某人做好准备 be prepared to do sth 使某人做好准备做 Eg1 Once e mail learners with the basic knowledge of how to use the network they to a local network and a global network A are equipped will be linked B are equipping will be linked C are equipped will link D will be equipped will be linked Eg2 Every six seconds someone new with HIV virus the virus that causes AIDS A infects B infected C is infecting D is infected Infect vt infect sb sth with be infected with 被感染 extend vt extend an invitation to sb an invitation be extended to sb Determine vt determine a date for the meeting Eg His future has not been determined yet separate vt separate sb sth from add add to 添加 add to 增强 add up to 总共加起来是 equal equal vt 等于 be equal to adj mean mean intend sth for sb to do sth be meant intended for to do sth Eg She meant intended the gift for the child The gift was meant intended for the child load load sb sth with load a truck with bricks Eg a truck loaded with bricks Sell sell sth Taste taste sth To the manager s pleasure half of the fish A sells out B are sold out C has sold out D have been sold out Hamburgers in McDonald s at the street corner well and good A are sold taste B sell taste C have been sold are tasted D have sold are tasting seat seat oneself be seated Eg In large letters the advertisement LIVING AND WORKING ABROAD CONTACT US TODAY A reads B is read C reading D is reading Active reading will result in a better understanding of what A is being read B to be read C to read D being read 五 注意事项 1 某些不及物动词不能误作为及物动词而用于被动语态 如 shrink arise disappear remain 2 某些动词可用作及物动词和不及物动词 须根据句意决定动词的语态 如 hurt hang feel grow measure weigh 3 表示事物的特性 往往用主动表示被动 These oranges peel easily The door doesn t open in wet weather The clock winds at the back The clothes wash well She didn t photograph well The socks have worn through The door won t lock In such weather meat won t keep long 高考题目练习 2001 32 Visitors not to touch the exhibits A will request B request C are requesting D are requested 2005 7 You should understand the traffic rule by now You ve had it often enough A explaining B to explain C explain D explained 12 I don t want like I m speaking ill of anybody but the manager s plan is unfair A to sound B to be sounded C sounding D to have sounded 2006 7 A good story does not necessarily have to have a happy ending but the reader must not be left A unsatisfiedB unsatisfying C to be unsatisfying D being unsatisfied 2009 9 by the advances in technology many farmers have set up wind farm