英语语法专题复习--介词

1 语法语法 介介 词词 介词是虚词 不能单独作句子成分 必须与名词 代词 或相当于名词的其他词类 短语或从 句等 构成介词短语 在句中充当一定成分 介词分为 1 简单介词 如 at in for 等 2 合成介词 如 within inside onto throughout 等 3 短语介词 如 according to out of because of by means of in spite of instead of 等 4 双重介词 如 from behind above under until after 等 5 分词介词 如 considering including judging from by 等 一 方位介词一 方位介词 1 above over on below under beneath 1 above 其反义词是 2 over 其反义词是 3 on 其反义词是 A plane is flying the mountain 有一架飞机在山的上方飞 There is a bridge the river 河上有一座桥 There is a lamp the desk 书桌上有一个台灯 From the hill we can see a river us 从这座小山上 我们能看见下面的一条河 There is a cat the chair 椅子底下有一只猫 2 across over through past across 意为 表示 over 意为 表示 through 意为 表示 past 意为 表示 The Great Wall winds its way west to east desert mountains valleys till at last it reaches the sea 3 in on to off 在方位名词前的区别在方位名词前的区别 in 表示 to 表示 on 表示 Off 表示 Shandong Province is lies the east of China Japan is lies the east of China The Pacific Ocean is the east of China 2 He lives in a village a little way the main road at on in at at the door at the airport at the station at 55 Park Street in in China in the north in Asia on on the desk on the wall 二 时间介词 表示 一般用介词 in 如 in the 1990s in the year in January in the winter summer fall spring in the first week of May 还可以用时段名词组成固定短语或词组 如 还可以用时段名词组成固定短语或词组 如 in a while in no time in the daytime in a short while in time in the morning afternoon evening 注意 注意 at night at noon in the day 在白天在白天 in the night 在夜间在夜间 in five days weeks months years 中中 in 意思是意思是 在 常用 on on Sunday s on Tuesday morning on Christmas Day 但 at Christmas on Christmas Eve on March 8 on the morning afternoon evening of Oct 1 on a rainy night on warm winter days early on the morning of Oct 1 区别 in the late early morning of Oct 1 表示表示 用用 at 如小时 分钟等 如小时 分钟等 at breakfast supper lunch at six at noon sunrise sunset midday night midnight dawn at the age of 15 at the time of war 但 in time of danger trouble 注意 有些时间名词前不接介词 注意 有些时间名词前不接介词 next day last Sunday that morning these years one each any every some all 修饰时 一般不用介词 如修饰时 一般不用介词 如 some day one day all afternoon till until 的用法的用法 till until 与持续动词连用一般用于肯定句中 与短暂动词连用一般用在与持续动词连用一般用于肯定句中 与短暂动词连用一般用在 否定句中 否定句中 He waited for me till twelve o clock He didn t get up till until 10 a m 不可用 to 注意 在句首出现或强调句型中一般不用注意 在句首出现或强调句型中一般不用 till 而用而用 until Not until 9 am did Mr Smith come back to school in later after by in 一段时间 表示 与 时连用 但表示 时 用于各种时态 一段时间 later after 时间 by 一段时间 注意 by the end of 过去时间 将来时间 I will finish the work in three days after three days three days later He left home two days later after two days 过去时间 I will have finished the work by the end of tomorrow I had finished the work by the end of yesterday 另外 另外 in 一段时间 一段时间 s time 与与 within 一段时间的用法如下 一段时间的用法如下 in a week s time in a week They will arrive in three days time 与将来时连用 3 My brother s birthday is in two weeks time 作表语 I ll finish the book within two weeks within in less than 用于各种时态 意为 不超出 在 之内 2 for from since for from since Mr Brown enjoyed the country life and lived there almost fifteen years after his retirement My younger sister began to learn dancing the age of five He has been working in Tibet he graduated from college 三 工具 手段 方式介词三 工具 手段 方式介词 1 by in on 三词都表示旅行的方式 三词都表示旅行的方式 by sea by water by land by bike by plane by ship boat by spaceship 名词前有冠词 物主代词 指示代词等时用 on in travel to New York in this plane go to school on my bike 说明说明 步行 骑马 骑骆驼均用步行 骑马 骑骆驼均用 on on foot on horseback on a horse on the camel 2 表示方式 手段 工具的介词 表示方式 手段 工具的介词 by the year hour day 按年按年 小时小时 天 天 如 He rent a house by the year day hour 按 by the 单位名称 但 to the pound 按磅算 to the ton 按吨计 表泛指的方式 手段表泛指的方式 手段 by post mail 邮寄 by telephone radio 但 on the phone on the radio on TV by electricity 用电 by machinery 用电器 by hard work learn sth by heart through the satellite through practice through his own efforts through experience through the telescope 另外 by means of 用 方法 by way of 经由 取道于 用 方法 with the help permission of sb with sb s help permission 表方式 手段的其他用法表方式 手段的其他用法 He beat the dog with a stick with 工具 机器 One smells with his nose with 人体器官 但 by hand 手工 用手 He stood up with pride with 情绪 情感 态度的名词 注意 使用语言 材料 文字等用注意 使用语言 材料 文字等用 in 如 如 in English ink pencil 另外如 另外如 in high good low spirits in anger in joy in comfort in sorrow in safety in danger in need in debt in love in fun in pain in tears in surprise in good poor health in good order in flower in a way in a low voice in silence in with satisfaction in a hurry in with words live feed on food kneel on one s knee take catch sb by surprise 出其不意出其不意 四 表示 除 之外 的常用词 besides 除除 以外以外 还有还有 作副词时意思是 作副词时意思是 而且 更何况而且 更何况 Well all went to the cinema besides Shaw It was too late to see a film and besides I was tired except 除去 除除去 除 之外之外 不再有不再有 We all went except John 在否定句中 两词可以换用 He has no other hats except besides this one 4 except for 除了除了 对句子主题进行细节校正或附加说明对句子主题进行细节校正或附加说明 后接名词 代词或 后接名词 代词或 what 从句 从句 此时与此时与 except that 句子 句子 意思相同 意思相同 He was very clever except for carelessness except that 除了除了 一点以外 一点以外 He has not changed except that he is wearing dark glasses but 与与 except but 和和 except 在表示在表示 除了除了 以外以外 时可以通用 但应注意以下三点 时可以通用 但应注意以下三点 A 前面有不定代词 疑问代词在意义上对称时 多用前面有不定代词 疑问代词在意义上对称时 多用 but All but one are here Nobody but I likes making model ships B 后接不定式短语为排除对象时 多用后接不定式短语为排除对象时 多用 but He has nothing to do but wait 前有 do 后省 to C but 与一些固定结构连用 与一些固定结构连用 have no choice but to do sth can not but do sth can not help but do sth but for 五 between 与 among between 通常指两者之间 也可以用于三者或三者以上的每两者之间的相互关系 通常指两者之间 也可以用于三者或三者以上的每两者之间的相互关系 Ann is between Tom and Bill Switzerland lies between France Germany Australia and Italy They soon finished the work between themselves 共同 合作 She was busy between cooking washing sewing and looking after the baby 表示接连不断地 一个接一个地忙这忙那 A horse can be seen between trees now among 表示三者以上之间 表示三者以上之间 The story is said to have happened in a village among the hills He was happy to be among friends again We must agree among ourselves 一起 共同 London is among the largest cities one of 与最高级连用 六 表示原因的介词及短语 主要有 主要有 for since with because of due to thanks to owing to 还有还有 as because 这两者为这两者为 连词 连词 because since as for due to because of owing to thanks to He got up late this morning he stayed up last night 1 The sports meet will be put off till next Saturday the heavy rain 2 the heavy rain The sports meet will be put off till next Saturday 3 His illness was smoking and drinking 4 the Party s good policy the farmers are now living a happy and rich life 一 单句填空 请填入一个适当的词 灵活运用 1 So I just looked at her a questioning expression on my face 2 During the winter they remind themselves This won t last long we ll soon be out of here And 5 the first warm day the ants are out 3 The new boy looked at the teacher a few seconds and all the other students wondered what the boy would do 4 I didn t want to be laughed at for talking to him but I didn t like leaving him his own either 5 His teacher took a deep drink and thanked his student very much for the sweet water The young man went home a happy heart 6 Jane stopped where a small crowd of men had gathered She found some good quality pipes sale 7 When Jane got home with her small but well chosen present in her bag her parents were already table having supper 8 He was very tired doing this for a whole day 9 I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to who should have the honour of receiving me a guest in their house 10 When the time came for me to say goodbye to my friends in the village I wanted to reward the old woman the trouble I had caused her 11 I once took a walk along the street on a Saturday dusk a Pepsi can in my hand 12 We should take some measures to fight pollution 13 During one visit the Pacific islands of Tonga a specially prepared dinner was arranged in her honor 14 We d better discuss everything detail before we work out the plan 15 Try on this red skirt you will look great it 二 语篇填空 Mr Brown was going away 1 a week Before he left he said to his son If anyone asks 2 me you can tell him that your father has been out 3 doing something and will be back 4 a week then be sure to ask him to sit down 5 a cup of tea OK Dad said his son But he was afraid his son couldn t remember this he wrote these words down 6 a piece of paper and gave it 7 him His son put it 8 his small pocket took it out and looked 9 it every now and then Four days passed but no one came to see his father The boy thought that there was no man to come and that the piece of paper was 10 no more use for him so he burnt it that evening The next afternoon someone knocked 11 the door The boy opened it A man was standing 12 the door and said Where is your father The boy put his hand into his pocket 13 once and looked 14 the piece of paper He could not find it He suddenly remembered he had burnt it so he shouted No more The man asked 15 surprise No more I met your father last week When did it happen 三 单句改错 1 I worked like a postman for a short time but I am afraid of dogs and I had a lot of trouble 2 No sooner had I got off my bicycle than a large dog ran towards the gate barking loudly to me 3 The terrible looking dog picked the card immediately and carried it in the house The dog was a good postman 4 In a very cold and windy morning Miss Jones walked to the school and the cold wind went into her eyes and big tears began rolling out of them 5 In my surprise two fire engines were outside my house 6 I told about the firemen that it was my careless cooking that caused the heavy smoke 7 Paddy and I wanted to go off for help but Mike insisted staying near the car 6 8 Japan is known for the land of the cherry blossom 樱花 because of in the spring of the year the cherry trees are so beautiful 9 As is known by all the Internet is playing a more and more important part on our daily life 10 Under his help I have made rapid progress and caught up the class 介词与某些词类的搭配 1 名词与介词的固定搭配 1 常与 to 搭配的名词 key answer visit apology introduction 2 常与 in 搭配的名词 interest satisfaction expert 3 常与 on 搭配的名词 mercy congratulation 4 常与其他介词搭配的名词 prize for respect for victory over struggle with 名词与介词搭配的常见短语有 attention to 对 的注意 devotion to 对 的奉献 a visit to 对 的访问 interest in 对 的兴趣 comments on 对 的评论 application for 对 的申请 an influence on 对 的影响 confidence in 对 的信心 contact with 与 取得联系 He should be admired for his devotion to improving education 他对改善教育作出的贡献应该得到赞扬 2 形容词与介词的固定搭配 1 与 at 搭配的形容词 afraid angry good bad clever surprised excited puzzled frightened 等 2 与 of 搭配的形容词 afraid sure certain full tired fond proud worthy 等 3 与 with 搭配的形容词 angry strict careful busy popular 等 4 与 in 搭配的形容词 weak strict rich interested successful 等 5 与 to 搭配的形容词 next good polite kind cruel rude known married close similar due 等 6 与 for 搭配的形容词 sorry famous fit unfit eager anxious hungry 等 7 与 from 搭配的形容词 far different free safe absent tired 等 8 与 about 搭配的形容词 sorry worried anxious careful sure certain 等 of 抽象名词 形容词 of great value very valuable of no use useless a man of wealth a wealthy man 注 同一形容词与不同的介词搭配其含义会不同 He is good to her 他对她友好 The advice is good for her 这条意见对她有益 He was tired of the work 他厌倦了那份工作 He was tied from the work 他因工作而疲劳 to 与情感名词连用 表示 某种行动后产生的感觉 to one s delight surprise to the delight surprise of sb Much to my joy he was quite from danger at 与某些名词搭配表示 一 就 at the sight of at the thought of 形容词与介词搭配的常见短语有 nervous about 因 不安 successful in 在 方面很成功 dependent on 依赖 7 于 responsible for 对 负责 absent from 缺席 proud of 因 自豪 famous for 因 闻名 ashamed of 对 感到愧疚 loyal to 忠诚于 harmful to 对 有害 popular with 受 欢迎 3 动词与介词的固定搭配 1 rob her of her wallet clear the road of snow 夺去 除去 意义的动词与 of 连用 2 supply us with food fill the glass with wine 供给 意义的动词与 with 连用 3 make a desk of wood make bread from flour make the material into a coat 制作 制造 意义 与 of from into 连用 4 介词 the 部位与动词的关系 动词 sb s 部位 strike him on the head 击 拍 碰 摸 意义与 on 连用 catch him by the arm 抓 拉 拿 扯 意义与 by 连用 hit the boy in the face 肚 胸 眼 脸 等人体