经典中国古文英语翻译.doc

经典中国古文英语翻译但愿人长久，千里共婵娟。Wewisheachotheralonglifesoastosharethebeautyofthisgracefulmoonlight,eventhoughmilesapart. 独在异乡为异客，每逢佳节倍思亲。AlonelystrangerinastrangelandIamcast,Imissmyfamilyallthemoreoneveryfestiveday. 大江东去，浪淘尽，千古风流人物。Theendlessrivereastwardflows;withitshugewavesaregoneallthosegallantheroesofbygoneyears. 二人同心，其利断金。Iftwopeopleareofthesamemind,theirsharpnesscancutthroughmetal. 富贵不能淫，贫贱不能移，威武不能曲，此之谓大丈夫。Itisatruegreatmanwhomnomoneyandrankcanconfuse,nopovertyandhardshipcanshake,andnopowerandforcecansuffocate. 海内存知己，天涯若比邻。Abosomfriendafarbringsdistancenear. 合抱之木，生于毫末，九层之台，起于累土；千里之行始于足下。Ahugetreethatfillsonesarmsgrowsfromatinyseedling;anine-storiedtowerrisesfromaheapofearth;athousandlijourneystartswiththefirststep. 祸兮，福之所依；福兮，祸之所伏。Misfortune,thatiswherehappinessdepends;happiness,thatiswheremisfortuneunderlies. 见贤思齐焉，见不贤而内自省也。Onseeingamanofvirtue,trytobecomehisequal;onseeingamanwithoutvirtue,examineyourselfnottohavethesamedefects. 江山如此多娇，引无数英雄尽折腰。Thislandsorichinbeautyhasmadecountlessheroesbowinhomage.举头望明月，低头思故乡。Raisingmyhead,Iseethemoonsobright;withdrawingmyeyes,mynostalgiacomesaround. 俱往矣，数风流人物，还看今朝。Allarepastandgone;welooktothisagefortrulygreatmen. 君子成人之美，不成人之恶。Thegentlemanhelpsotherstoachievetheirmoralperfectionbutnottheirevilconduct. 君子独立不惭于影，独寝不愧于魂。Arighteousmanneverfeelsashamedtofacehisshadowwhenstandingaloneandtofacehissoulwhensleepingalone. 君子之交淡如水，小人之交甘如醴。君子淡以亲，小人甘以绝。Thefriendshipbetweenmenofvirtueislightlikewater,yetaffectionate;thefriendshipbetweenmenwithoutvirtueissweetlikewine,yeteasilybroken. 老吾老以及人之老，幼吾幼以及人之幼。Expendtherespectoftheagedinonesfamilytothatofotherfamilies;expendtheloveoftheyoungonesinonesfamilytothatofotherfamilies. 礼尚往来。往而不来，非礼也；来而不往，亦非礼也。Proprietysuggestsreciprocity.Itisnotproprietynottogiveoutbuttoreceive,orviceversa. 两情若是长久时，又岂在朝朝暮暮。Iflovebetweenbothsidescanlastforaye,whyneedtheystaytogethernightandday? 路漫漫其修远兮，吾将上下而求索。Thewayaheadislong;Iseenoending,yethighandlowIllsearchwithmywillunbending. 民为贵，社稷次之，君为轻。Thepeoplearethemostimportantelementinastate;nextarethegodsoflandandgrain;leastistherulerhimself. 千丈之堤，以蝼蚁之穴溃；百尺之屋，以突隙之烟焚。Alongdikewillcollapsebecauseofanant-holeinit;atallbuildingwillbeburneddownbyasparkfromachimneyschink. 锲而舍之，朽木不折，锲而不舍，金石可镂。Carvebutgiveuphalfway,evenadecayedpieceofwoodwillnotbreak;carvewithoutstop,evenmetalandstonecanbeengraved. 人有悲欢离合，月有阴晴阳缺，此事古难全。Peoplehavesorrowandjoy;theypartandmeetagain.Themoondimsorshines;itwaxesorwanes.Nothingisperfect,notevenintheoldendays. 人之于文学也，犹玉之于琢磨也。Learningandculturearetoapersonwhatpolishedandgrindingaretojade. 三人行，必有我师焉。择其善者而从之，其不善者而改之。Amonganythreepeoplewalking,Iwillfindsomethingtolearnforsure.Theirgoodqualitiesaretobefollowed,andtheirshortcomingsaretobeavoided. 士不可以不弘毅，任重而道远。仁以为己任，不亦重乎？死而后己，不亦远乎？Aneducatedgentlemancannotbutberesoluteandbroad-minded,forhehastakenupaheavyresponsibilityandalongcourse.Isitnotaheavyresponsibility,whichistopracticebenevolence?Isitnotalongcourse,whichwillendonlywithhisdeath? 士之为人，当理不避其难，临患忘利，遗生行义，视死如归。Amoralintellectualisonewhoescapesnodangerinfaceoftruth,discardspersonalinterestsinfrontofdisaster,practicesrighteousnessattheexpenseoflife,andlooksupondeathasgoinghome. 逝者如斯夫！不舍昼夜。Thepassageoftimeisjustliketheflowofwater,whichgoesondayandnight. 顺天者存，逆天者亡。ThosewhofollowtheHeavenslawwillsurvive;thosewhogoagainstitwillperish. 天将降大任于斯人也，必先苦其心志，劳其筋骨，饿其体肤，空乏其身，行拂乱其所为，所以动心忍性，增益其所不能。WhenHeavenisabouttoplaceagreatresponsibilityonagreatman,italwaysfirstfrustrateshisspiritandwill,exhaustshismusclesandbones,exposeshimtostarvationandpoverty,harasseshimbytroublesandsetbackssoastostimulatehisspirit,toughenhisnatureandenhancehisabilities. 天生我才必有用。Heavenhasendowedmewithtalentsforeventualuse. 天时不如地利，地利不如人和。OpportunitiesvouchsafedbyHeavenarelessimportantthanterrestrialadvantages,whichinturnarelessimportantthantheunityamongpeople. 天行健，君子以自强不息。AsHeavensmovementisevervigorous,somustagentlemanceaselesslystrivealong. 温故而知新，可以为师矣。Hewhobyreviewingtheoldcangainknowledgeofthenewandisfittobeateacher. 物格而后知至，知至而后意诚，意诚而后心正，心正而后身修，身修而后家齐，家齐而后治国，国治而后天下平。Thingsinvestigated,genuineknowledgeacquired;genuineknowledgeacquired,thoughtspurified;thoughtspurified,heartsrectified;heartsrectified,personalitiescultivated;personalitiescultivated,familiesregulated;familiesregulated,thestateswellgoverned;thestateswellgoverned,thewholeworldwillbeinpeaceandtranquil. 相见时难别亦难。Itisunbearabletomeetaswellastodepart. 学不可以已。青取之于蓝，而青于蓝；冰，水为之，而寒于冰。君子博学而日参省乎己，则知明而行无过矣。Thereisneveranendtolearning.Thedyeextractedfromtheindigoisbluerthantheplant;soistheicecolderthanthewater.Bybroadlylearningandconstantlyexamininghimselfeveryday,thegentlemansharpenshisawarenessandmakesfewermistakes. 学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆。Learningwithoutthinkingleadstoconfusion;thinkingwithoutlearningendsindanger. 学而不厌，诲人不倦。Neverbecontentedwithyourstudy;neverbeimpatientwithyourteaching. 学如逆水行舟，不进则退。Learningislikerowingupstream:nottoadvanceistodropback. 有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎。Itissuchadelighttohavefriendscomingfromafar. 玉不琢，不成器。人不学，不知义。Asajadewithoutchiselingwillnotbecomeausefulobject,amanwithoutlearningwillnotknowtheWay. 欲穷千里目，更上一层楼。Wewidenourviewsthreehundredmilesbyascendingoneflightofstairs./Exhaustingmyeyestoathousandlifurther,Iamascendingonemorestoryofthetower. 在天愿做比翼鸟，在地愿为连理枝。Inheavenletusbetwobirdsflyingevertogether,andonearthtwotreeswithbranchesinterlockedforever. 不登高山，不知天之厚也；不临深渊，不知地之厚也。Onecanneverbeawareoftheheightoftheskyorthedepthoftheearth,ifhedoesnotclimbupahighmountainorlookdownintoadeepabyss. 大道之行也，天下为公。ApublicspiritwillruleallundertheskywhenthegreatWayprevails.大江东去，浪淘尽，千古风流人物。Theendlessrivereastwardflows;withitshugewavesaregoneallthosegallantheroesofbygoneyears. 丹青不知老将近，富贵于我如浮云。Absorbedinpainting,youknownotoldageiscoming;indeed,tomewealthandrankarelikecloudsscudding. 曲则全，枉则直，洼则盈，敝则新，少则得，多则惑。Tobepartistobewhole;tobebentistobestraight;tobehollowistobefilled;tobewornoutistoberenewed;tohavelittleistohavemore;tohavemuchistobeconfused.出师表英文赏析Petition on Taking the FieldPermit your servant, Liang, to observe: the late sovereign was taken from us while his lifes work, the restoration of the Han, remained unfinished. Today, in a divided empire, our third, the province of Yizhou, war-worn and under duress, faces a season of crisis that threatens our very survival. Despite this, the officials at court persevere in their tasks, and loyal-minded officers throughout the realm dedicate themselves to you because one and all they cherish the memory of the exceptional treatment they enjoyed from the late sovereign and wish to repay it in service to Your Majesty.Truly this is a time to widen your sagely audience in order to enhance the late Emperors glorious virtue and foster the morale fo your dedicated officers. It would be unworthy of your majesty to demean yourself by resorting to ill-chosen justifications that would block the avenues of loyal remonstrance. The royal court and the ministerial administration constitute a single government. Both must be judged by one standard. Those who do evil and violate the codes, as well as those who are loyal and good, must receive their due from the proper authorities. This will make manifest Your Majestys fair and enlightened governance. Let no unseemly bias lead to different rules for the court and the administration.Privy Counselors and Imperial Attendants like Guo Youzhi, Fei Yi, and Dong Yun are all solid, reliable men, loyal of purpose, pure in motive. The late Emperor selected them for office so that they would serve Your Majesty after his demise. In my own humble opinion, consulting these men on palace affairs great or small before action is taken will prevent errors and shortcomings and maximize advantages. Xiang Chong, a general of fine character and fair-minded conduct, profoundly versed in military matters proved himself in battle during the previous reign, and the late Emperor pronounced him capable. That is why the assembly has recommended him for overall command. In my humble opinion, General Xiang Chong should be consulted on all military matters large or small to ensure harmony in the ranks and judicious use of personal.The Former Han thrived because its emperors stayed close to worthy vassals and far from conniving courtiers. The opposite policy led the Later Han to ruin. Whenever the late Emperor discussed this problem with me, he decried the failings of Emperors Huan and Ling. Privy Counselors Guo Youzhi and Fei Yi, Secretary Chen Zhen, Senior Advisor Zhang Yi, and Military Counselor Jiang Wan are all men of shining integrity and unshakable devotion. I beg Your Majesty to keep close to them and to trust them, for that will strengthen our hopes for the resurgence of the house of Han.I began as a common man, toiling in my fields in Nanyang, doing what I could to keep body and soul together in an age of disorder and taking no interest in making a name for myself among the lords.of the realm. Though it was beneath the dignity of the late Emperor to do so, he honored my thatched cottage to solicit my counsel on the events of the day. Grateful for his regard, I responded to his appeal and threw myself heart and soul into his service. Hard times followed for the cause of the late Emperor. I assumed my duties at a critical moment for our defeated army, accepting assignment in a period of direst danger. Now twenty-one years have passed. The late Emperor always appreciated my meticulous caution and, as the end neared, placed his great cause in my hands. Since that moment, I have tormented myself night and day lest I prove unworthy of his trust and thus discredit his judgment. That is why I crossed the River Lu in the summer heat and penetrated the barren lands of the Man. Now, the south subdued, our arms sufficing, it behooves me to marshal our soldiers to conquer the northern heartland and do my humble best to remove the hateful traitors, restore the house of Han, and return it to the former capital. This is the way I mean to honor my debt to the late Emperor and fulfill my duty to Your Majesty. As for weighing the advantages of internal policy and making loyal recommendations to Your Majesty, that is the responsibility of Guo Youzhi, Fei Yi, and Dong Yun. My only advice is to obtain and execute your commission to chasten the traitors and restore the Han. Should I prove unfit, punish my offense and report it to the spirit of the late Emperor. If those three vassals fail to sustain Your Majestys virtue, then their negligence should be publicized and censured. Your Majesty, take counsel with yourself and consult widely on the right course. Examine and adopt sound opinions, and never forget the last edict fo the late Emperor. Overwhelmed with gratitude for the favor I have received from you, I now depart on a distant campaign. Blinded by my tears falling on this petition, I write I know not what. Second Petition on Taking the Field Post By：2008-2-19 12:30:30 Painfully recognizing that either the kingdom of Han or the kingdom of Wei must fall and that our royal rule will never know security if confined to a part of the realm, the later Emperor empowered me to wage righteous war against the northern traitors. Accurately appraising his vassals abilities, he knew full well what feeble talent I had to pit against so strong an enemy; but not to go forward spelled our doom. To arms, rather than to bow to fate! Thus, the late Emperor charged me, and he never wavered in that commitment.The day I received his mandate, I neither slept nor ate; the northern expedition occupied my thoughts. But first we had to move into the region south of us. In the fifth month I crossed the River Lu and penetrated deep into aboriginal territory, going without food for days at a time-not because I threw caution to the winds but because, knowing that your majestys rule could never have survived confined to the Shu capital, we would have faced any danger, any difficulty, to carry out the late Emperors last wishes. Critics have complained of this plan. Now, when teh traitors are spent in the west and occupied in the east, military logic tells us to exploit their distress. It is time to move forward. Allow me to present further details of this case. The founder of the Han, Emperor Gao Zu, had wisdom of a heavenly scale and advisers of great depth and subtlety. Yet he tested treacherous terrain and suffered painful defeats, gaining security only after many trials and ordeals. Your Majesty will never surpass Emperor Gao Zu; your advisers will never surpass Zhang Liang and Chen Ping. How Your Majesty could seek a long-range plan for conquering the empire from a passive position is the first thing I fail to understand. Imperial Inspector Liu Yao and Governor Wang Lang each held imperial territory. They were concerned for their security and worked out plans, freely citing the ancient sages. But a crowd of doubts filled their breasts, innumerable obstacles impeded their thinking, and they put off military action from year to year. That they thus allowed Sun Ce to wax in power unhampered and eventually engross the whole of the Southland is the second thing I fail to understand. Cao Cao-no shrewder planner than he- waged war in a manner worthy of Sunzi and Wu Qi. Nonetheless, his enemies trapped him at Nanyang, put him in straits in Wuchao, imperiled his life at Qilian, pressed him hard at Liyang, nearly ruined him at Beishan, and almost killed him at Tong Pass. After all that, he enjoyed a brief period of false security. How then this vassal, Liang, with so much less talent than Cao Cao, could ever conquer the north without running risks is the third thing I fail to understand. Cao Cao attacked Changba five times but could not subdue it. He tried to cross Lake Chao four times and failed. He took Li Fu into his service, but Li Fu conspired against him. He gave authority to Xiaohou Yuan, but Xiaohou Yuan died. The late Emperor always acknowledged Cao Caos capabilities, yet he had his failures too. How then one so inferior as this vassal could guarantee a victory is the fourth thing I fail to appreciate. Alas, since arriving in Hanzhong, in one year we have lost Zhao Zilong, Yang Qun, May Yum Yan Zhi, Ding Li, Bo Shou, Liu He, Deng Tong, and others, in addition to unit leaders and posi