现代大学英语精读 Lesson Professions for Womenppt课件.ppt

ProfessionsforWomen VirginiaWoolf LOGO TheVictorianideologyofFemininity TheFrenchphilosopherJeanJacquesRousseau whosedemandsforhumanlibertyhadbeeninfluentialuponanumberofmovementsforpoliticalreform forcefullyarticulatedsomeofthemostrestrictivetenetsofwhatcanbecalledthenineteenthcentury sideologyoffemininity Thewholeeducationofwomenoughttoberelativetomen Topleasethem toconsolethem andtomakelifesweetandagreeabletothem thesearethedutiesofwomenatalltimes andwhatshouldbetaughtthemfromtheirinfancy TheVictorianideologyofFemininity Theidealwomenhethusenvisioned apure decorous andevenangeliccreature wasonlyoneparticularlynotablerepresentativeofastandardagainstwhicheverymiddle andupper classwoman sconductwasmeasured andotherwriters femaleaswellasmale elaborateduponthevirtuesofsuchanideal In1854 inalongandverypopularpoem TheAngleintheHouse CoventryPatmoredescribedsuchselflessnessmoreextravagantly Manmustbepleased buthimtopleaseIswoman spleasure downthegulfOfhiscondolednecessitiesShecastsherbest sheflingsherself Themodelwomanwasanangeloraqueen Shemustappeardelicate frail ethereal Shemustlookandactlikeafragilecreature Agoodwomanwasessentiallypassionless ifmenwerebeastsruledbysexualdesire theirpurewivesanddaughtersknewnothingofsuchmatters Itwasgenerallyagreedthatonherweddingnight theangelicvirginshouldinonewayoranotherbehaveasQueenVictoriawassaidtohave closehereyesandthinkofEngland Otherwise awomanwasindangerofbecominga fallenwoman At15 burnedearlywritingbecauseherstepmotherfeltthatareputationforscribblingwouldharmthegirl smarriageprospectsandbecausesheherselfwasearlyimpressed withideasthatfasteneddegradationtothisclassofcomposition then asnow calledthenovel Evelina 1778 Exploredthesocialdevelopmentofaheroinewhoprovesherselfworthyofherwell bornsuitor Cecilia orMemoirsofanHeiress 1782 Analysizedthesocialandeconomicproblemsofwomen Triedtoraisethestatusofthenovelbycombiningverisimilitudewithinstructions FannyBurney 1752 1840 AphraBehn 1640 1689 Spyandplaywright travelerandwit AphraBehnwasEngland sfirstprofessionalwomanwriter Inaagewhenmanywomenofletterswereintellectualaristocratswhoclaimedtowriteonlyforpleasureand fame amongtheirfriends Behnwasamiddle classwidowwhofranklywroteformoneyandpublicacclaim In1666 sheenteredtheintelligenceserviceofKingCharlesII whensuchpublictoilsofstateaffairswereunusualwithhersex Shecarriedouthermissionremarkablywell butwasneverpaidproperly Sosheendedupspendingsometimein1668inaLondondebtors prison whichdecidedheruponwhatwas forawoman anunprecedentedstep writingformoney Shebecameaprofessionalandhighlyproductiveplaywright HarrietMartineau 1802 1876 Shewasmorerigorouslyandformallyeducatedthanmostwomenofhertime ShewasprecociouslyandindependentlyinterestedineconomictopicsHerfather sdeathin1826forcedhertosupporthermotherandherselfbyneedleworkandwritingfortheGlobeoneconomictopicssuchasmachineryandlabor IllustrationsofPoliticalEconomy 1832 34IllustrationsofTaxation 1834 SocietyinAmerica 1837 RetrospectofWesternTravel Deerbrook 1839 JaneAusten 1775 1817 Shedefinedherselfasawriterbyself consciouslysatirizingnotonlythefemaletraditioninliteraturebutalsoitseffectsonthegrowthanddevelopmentofthefemaleimagination Shecomicallycriticizedtheovervaluationoflove themiseducationofwomen thesubterfugesofthemarriagemarket therivalryamongwomenformaleapproval thefemalecultofweaknessanddependency thediscrepancybetweenwomen sprivatesphereandpublic male history GeorgeEliot 1819 1880 Eliotwasawarethatheridentificationwithmasculineachievementthreatenedtoundermineherconsciousnessofherselfasawoman Youmaytry butyoucannotimaginewhatitistohaveaman sforceofgeniusinyou yettosuffertheslaveryofbeingagirl saidaheroininhernovel Questions Whatproblemsdoestheauthordiscussthroughhertwoexperiences Whatfigurativedeviceswereemployed Whataretheadvantagesforusingmetaphors Whatwouldleftliterallywithoutthemetaphors AndwhileIwaswritingthisreview IdiscoveredthatifIweregoingtoreviewbooksIshouldneedtodobattlewithacertainphantom Andthephantomwasawoman andwhenIcametoknowherbetterIcalledheraftertheheroineofafamouspoem TheAngelintheHouse Inthosedays thelastofQueenVictoria everyhousehaditsAngel Sheslippedbehindmeandwhispered Andshemadeasiftoguidemypen Iturneduponherandcaughtherbythethroat Ididmybesttokillher Myexcuse wouldbethatIactedinself defence HadInotkilledhershewouldhavekilledme Shewouldhavepluckedtheheartoutofmywriting Thus wheneverIfelttheshadowofherwingortheradianceofherhalouponmypage Itookuptheinkpotandflungitather Shediedhard KillingtheAngelintheHouse I awomanwriterwhowantstoreviewaman snovel Ihaveamindofmyown IhavefivehundredpoundsayearsothatIdon thavetodependsolelyoncharmformyliving IwanttoexpresswhatIthinktobethetruthabouthumanrelations morality sex TheAngelintheHouse aModelwomanrepresentingtheVictorianideologyoffemininity Besympathetic betender flatter deceive usealltheartsandwilesofoursex Aboveall bepure Sheneverhasamindorwishofherown Thesequestionscannotbedealtwithfreelyandopenlybywoman KillingtheAngelintheHouse Camebetweenmeandmypaper BotheredmeandwastedmytimeandtormentedmeShadowofherwingsfellonmypage therustlingofherskirtsintheroomSlippedbehindmeandwhisperedWouldhavekilledme wouldhavepluckedtheheartoutofmywriting Diedhard Herfictitiousnaturewasofgreatassistancetoher Shealwayscreptback Iturneduponherandcaughtherbythethroat Ididmybesttokillher Iactedinself defence Itookuptheinkpotandflungitather Idispatchedher It sfarhardertokillaphantomthanareality IflattermyselfthatIkilledherintheend Doabattlewithaphantom Thephantomwasawoman theAngelintheHouseWiththismetaphor theauthorinvitesustolookatherstruggletofreeherselffromtheVictorianideologyoffemininityasaseverebattlebetweenenemies Andtheenemyhascomplicatednatures Describingtheenemyasaphantom sheallowsthereadertoimaginethegreatdifficultyinfightinganintangibleenemy BypersonifyingthetraditionalideologyoffemininityastheAngelinthehouse theauthorleftapowerfulimpressionuponthereader fortheycanfeelitsexistenceanditseachandeverymovement Meaningof ArtsandCats Arts 1 Sheexcelledinthedifficultartsoflife 2 Usealltheartsandwilesofoursex 3 Idonotbelievethatanybodycanknowuntilshehasexpressedherselfinalltheartsandprofessionsopentohumanskill Cat 1 ButtoshowyouhowlittleIdeservetobecalledaprofessionalwoman Iwentoutandboughtacat abeautifulcat aPersiancat 2 WhatcouldbeeasierthantowritearticlesandtobuyPersiancatswiththeprofits 3 Imadeonepoundtenandsixbymyfirstreview andIboughtaPersiancatwiththeproceeds ThenIgrewambitious APersiancatisallverywell Isaid butaPersiancatisnotenough Imusthaveamotorcar questions Whatisanovelist sstateofmind Whydoestheauthorusethemetaphoroffishingtodescribeherstateofmind Inwhatwaydoestheimageofafishermanatadeeplakefitthesituationofawomanwriter Whatwastheproblemdiscussedinthesecondexperience Thefishermanatadeeplakeperfectlyfitsthesituationtheauthoristryingtodescribe Outwardly thelakeappearsdeadlycalm andthefishermansunkindreams calm too Beneaththesurfaceofthewater therearebigfishaswellashardstones hiddenindarkness Thelinemaygodeepintothewatertocatchthebiggestfishor tocrashonahardrock Insidethefisherman writer thereareconflictingthoughts Thatis thefreestimaginationthat accordingtotraditionalthinking shouldbeheldprivatelyandnotdealtwithinpublic aswellastheawarenessoftheconsequencesofrevealingtheimaginationtothepublic Throughthismetaphorthereaderperceivesthatthetruthaboutbodyandpassionandsexisforcedintodarknessbytraditionalvaluesoffemininity Andwithinthewo