现在完成时态

现在完成时态现在完成时态 1 用法 过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果 强调结果 例 Yesterday I finished my homework that s to say I have finished my homework now 过去已经开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态 强调继续 例 I have lived here since 1990 2 现在完成时的构成 havehas 过去分词 3 现在完成时的四个基本句型 肯定句 He has finished the work 一般疑问句 Has he finished the work 否定句 He has not finished the work 两回答 Yes he has No he hasn t 特殊疑问句 What has he done 4 在下列情形下用现在完成时 1 九词语 already 已经 肯定句中或句尾 例 I have already found my pen I have found my pen already yet 已经 否定句和疑问句句尾 例 I have not finished the work yet Have you bought a computer yet ever 曾经 句中 例 Have you ever seen pandas never 从不 句中 例 I have never been to Beijing just 刚刚 句中 例 I have just done my work before 以前 句尾 例 I have never been there before so far 到目前为止 例 So far he has learnt 200 words how long 多久 例 How long have you lived here how many times 多少次 例 How many times has he been to Beijing 2 两词组 havegone to 去了某地 例 He has gone to Beijing 去了北京 havebeen to 去过某地 例 He has been to Beijing 去过北京 3 两结构 for two monthsfor 一段时间Jim has lived here for 2 months since last year since 3 years ago since 1990 since 过去点时间Lucy has been in Beijing since 3 years ago since he came since 过去时态句He has been in China since he came here子here 4 如果句子里面没有时间状语 汉语意思能够加 已经 往往用现在完成 时态 例 Have you lost your library book 你已经弄丢了从图书馆借的那本 书吗 5 现在完成时态还常常用于下列句型 They have planted many trees in the last few years 在过去的几年 他们 已经种了很多树 This is the best book I have ever read 这是我曾经读过的最好的一本书 It is the first time I have played the computer games 这是我第一次玩电脑 游戏 5 在现在完成时中 一次性动词不能和一段时间状语连用 例 He has bought the book for 3 years 错 因 buy 这个一次性动词不能和一段时间 for 3 years 连用 改正的办法 有五种 He has bought the book 去掉一段时间 for 3 years He bought the book 3 years ago 改为一般过去时 使句子的意思 不变 It s 3 years since he bought the book 3 years has passed since he bought the book 改为固定句型 It is since He has not bought the book for 3 years 改为否定句 He has had the book for 3 years 用延续性动词 have 代替 buy 6 还有其他一次性动词也是这种情况 可参照前面的五种办法改正 前四 种改法都一样 第五种改法各不相同 举例如下 come arrive get to reach be here 例 I have come here for 3 years 错 改为 I have been here for 3 years leave go be away 例 He has left for 3 hours 错 改为 He has been away for 3 hours begin start be on 例 The film has begun for 3 minutes 错 改为 The film has been on for 3 minutes open be open close be closed 例 The shop has opened for 3 years 错 改为 The shop has been open for 3 years die be dead 例 His father has died for 3 years 错 改为 His father has been dead for 3 years finish end be over 例 He has finished the work for 3 days 错 改为 The work has been over for 3 days join 例 I have joined the army for 3 years 错 改为 I have been in the army for 3 years 或 I have been a soldier for 3 years buy catch have 例 I have bought the bike for 3 years 错 改为 I have had the bike for 3 years 例 He has caught a cold for 3 days 错 改为 He has had a cold for 3 days borrow keep 例 I have borrowed the book for 3 years 错 改为 I have kept the book for 3 years 还有其它的归纳如下 break be broken get up be up marry be married become be lose be lost 7 延续性动词和终止性动词 延续性动词 表示的动作是能延续的动作 这种动作可以延续下去或产生持 久的影响 如 learn work stand lie know walk keep have wait watch sing read sleep live 终止性动词 也叫非延续性动词 瞬间动词 一次性动词 表示的动作不能 延续 即动作发生后立即结束 产生某种结果 在有了某种结果后 动作就不 能再继续下去 如 leave start set out arrive reach get to begin stop shut turn off marry put put on get up wake fall join meet receivefinish end complete become come go die open close break give jump buy borrow 8 终止性动词不能和一段时间状语连用 He has died for three days 错 终止性动词 die 不能和一段时间 for three days 连用 1 过去将来时 表示对于过去某一时间而言将要发生的动作或存在的状态 常用于宾语从句 例 John said that he would come the next day if he was free 构成 would 动词原形 John said that he was going to plant trees 构成 was were going to 动词原形 2 过去完成时 由 had 过去分词 构成 用法有二 过去某一时刻或某一动作之前就已经发生的动作或存在的状态 即过去的 过去 例 When we got to the station the train had left 当我到车站的时候 火车 已经离开了 By the end of last week he had learnt 1000 words 到上个星期尾为止 他已经学了 1000 个单词 过去某时间开始 一直延续到过去另一时间为止的动作或状态 例 He said that he had made a few friends since he came to China 他说自从他来中国 他已经交了几个 朋友 用所给动词的适当形式填空 1 Thanks a lot It s sunny again It rain for a long time 2 Mr Li live here since 8 years old 3 Since Mr Li came here he teach in this school 4 It s the third time that I see him this month 5 Is your mother at home No she go to work 6 Her mother become a doctor in 1970 She work in the hospital since 26 years old 7 He teach English here since we see him 5 years ago 8 How many times you be to Beijing Only once I go there two years ago 9 I ve lost my cat you ever see it anywhere 10 My parents are not at home They leave for Shanghai 11 Wait here please The train not arrive yet 12 Where is my dictionary Li Ping take it away 13 I lose my pen and I look for it now 14 I not see such a strange thing before 15 He joined the Party in 1990 He be a party member for 10 years 16 How long Uncle Wang work in this factory Since 1995 17 So far the children learn 1 000 English words 18 you mend your bike Yes I mended it a moment ago 19 I ll tell him the news that our class win already 20 She stay here for over 5 years 21 The box is empty Who eat all the cakes 22 He has found his bike When he find it 23 Her sister go to Shanghai She leave this morning 24 My friend Wang Hai often swim in the river 25 The teacher reach Beijing two days ago 每处划线中有错误 在题后改正 1 Jim has bought the book for just 3 days 2 Uncle Wang has died for 3 years 3 I have gone to Beijing three times 4 Jim isn t here He has been to Beijing He went there this morning 5 She h