初高中语法衔接-时态语态

1 初高中语法衔接初高中语法衔接 动词时态及语态动词时态及语态 语法学习表语法学习表 时态意义标志词语构成公式被动语态 一般现在时经常性 习惯性的动作 存在的状态 或客观真 理 often always usually sometimes once a week every day 主语 V 原形 主语 是第三人称单数时 V 加 s 或 es 主语 is am are V 过分 现在进行时现在正在发生的动作now Look Listen at this moment 主语 am is are V ing主语 am is are being V 过分 现在完成时过去的动作对现在有影 响或过去的动作一直持 续到现在 already yet since so far 主语 have has V 过 分 主语 have has been V 过分 一般过去时过去发生的动作yesterday last week ago in 1998 just now 主语 V 过去式主语 was were V 过分 过去进行时过去时间内正发生的动 作或存在的状态 at this time yesterday just then at 6 00 last Sunday when 一般过 去时 主语 was were V ing主语 was were being V 过分 过去完成时过去已完成的动作by the end of 过去的 时间 by the time 一 般过去时 主语 had V 过分主语 had been V 过分 一般将来时将要发生的动作或将来 的状态 tomorrow next week in the future in two days in 2100 主语 am is are going to V 原形 或主语 will V 原形 主语 will be V 过 分 过去将来时过去时间内将要发生的 动作或存在的状态 常用于主句是一般过 去时的宾语从句 主语 was were going to V 原形 或主语 would V 原形 主语 would be V 过分 现在完成进 行时 过去的动作一直延续到 现在 since 时间点 从句 时间点 ago 或 for 时间段 主语 have has been V ing 含情态动词 can may must 等 V 原 形 can may must 等 be V 过分 考点精讲考点精讲 考点考点 1 一般现在时有哪些特殊用法 一般现在时有哪些特殊用法 1 表示此时此刻正在发生的动作或存在的状态 表示此时此刻正在发生的动作或存在的状态 What s the time now 现在几点了 现在几点了 2 在含时间和条件状语从句的复合句中 主句为一般将来时 在含时间和条件状语从句的复合句中 主句为一般将来时 I ll call you as soon as I arrive in Beijing tomorrow 明天一到北京 我就给你打电话 明天一到北京 我就给你打电话 3 在主句为过去时态的复合句中 如果宾语从句陈述的是客观真理 从句用一般现在时 在主句为过去时态的复合句中 如果宾语从句陈述的是客观真理 从句用一般现在时 The teacher said Maria is a girl 老师说玛利亚是个女孩 老师说玛利亚是个女孩 4 表示书 信 报纸 通知 广播 告示牌等的内容用一般现在时 表示书 信 报纸 通知 广播 告示牌等的内容用一般现在时 It says Closed 上面写着 上面写着 停止营业停止营业 专练 用所给动词的适当形式填空 1 Three plus two be five 2 There go the bell 2 3 Light travel faster than sound 4 If you ask her tomorrow she will help you 5 The notice say No Smoking 考点考点 2 如何使用如何使用 used to used to 后加动词原形表示后加动词原形表示 过去常常过去常常 其疑问句和否定句可直接使用 其疑问句和否定句可直接使用 used 也可借助于 也可借助于 did I used to be afraid of dark 我过去常怕黑 He usedn t to ride to school 他过去不常骑车去上学 He used to smoke didn t he 他过去常抽烟 是吗 注意 注意 be used to doing 意为意为 习惯做某事习惯做某事 be used to do 意为意为 被用来被用来 不要混淆 不要混淆 专练 按要求变化下面的句型 1 She used to play near the river 改为否定句 2 The children didn t use to come here early 补全反意疑问句 考点考点 3 一般将来时有哪些形式 一般将来时有哪些形式 1 be going to 动词原形动词原形 表示计划或打算在最近要做的事 表示计划或打算在最近要做的事 I m going to take you to the park 我打算带你去公园 2 will shall 动词原形动词原形 是单纯的将来时 常与表示将来的时间状语连用 是单纯的将来时 常与表示将来的时间状语连用 He will come back next week 他下周回来 3 be 动词不定式动词不定式 结构 表示按计划要发生的事 或用来征求对方意见 结构 表示按计划要发生的事 或用来征求对方意见 We are to meet outside the park 我们约定在公园外面见 Am I to go on with the work 这工作我是不是接着干下去 4 be about 动词不定式动词不定式 结构 表示即将做某事 一般不用时间状语 结构 表示即将做某事 一般不用时间状语 It is about to rain 天要下雨了 5 现在进行时可用于表示马上要发生的动作 多用于瞬间动词 现在进行时可用于表示马上要发生的动作 多用于瞬间动词 start begin die 等 等 I m leaving for Shanghai 我要去上海了 我要去上海了 专练 按要求变化下面的句型 1 Have you finished your homework Not yet I this afternoon 2 Where are you going this Sunday the zoo 考点考点 4 哪些动词没有进行时 哪些动词没有进行时 表示感觉 情感 状态 看法 意愿的动词一般没有进行时 这类动词有 表示感觉 情感 状态 看法 意愿的动词一般没有进行时 这类动词有 hear see smell look seem think like want hope belong cost weigh prefer remain have own believe 等 等 专练 改正下面每个句子中的错误 1 I m hearing a strange noise now 2 Now you are looking beautiful 考点考点 5 现在完成时和一般过去时有什么区别 现在完成时和一般过去时有什么区别 二者表示的动作都在过去发生 现在完成时强调过去的动作对现在的影响和结果 不能与表示过去的时间状二者表示的动作都在过去发生 现在完成时强调过去的动作对现在的影响和结果 不能与表示过去的时间状 语连用 一般过去时只表示过去的事实 与现在没有关系 语连用 一般过去时只表示过去的事实 与现在没有关系 Have you done your homework 你做作业了吗 Yes I have 做了 When did you do it 什么时候做的 Last night 昨天晚上 专练 根据所给的动词短语 分别用一般过去时和现在完成时造句 1 go to the beach 2 not hear of that 考点考点 6 have been to have been in 和和 have gone to 有何区别 有何区别 have been in 表示表示 在某地在某地 have been to 表示表示 去过去过 某地 常与某地 常与 ever never before once twice 等连用 等连用 have gone to 表示表示 去了去了 某地 人可能在途中或已到达那里 某地 人可能在途中或已到达那里 专练 用 have has gone to have has been to have has been in 填空 1 Tim out He ll be back in an hour 2 Jim this city for two years 3 you ever Jinan It has some famous springs 3 考点考点 7 现在完成时的句子 谓语何时用瞬间动词 何时用延续动词 现在完成时的句子 谓语何时用瞬间动词 何时用延续动词 若表示持续性的动作 常与表示一段时间的状语如若表示持续性的动作 常与表示一段时间的状语如 these days in the past few years during the last three months for two years so far up to now till now recently 等连用 等连用 The old man has been away from home for twenty years 那老人离开家已十年了 那老人离开家已十年了 注意 瞬间动词不能与持续性的完成时连用 必须改为延续动词 记住下面的瞬间动词与延续动词的换用 注意 瞬间动词不能与持续性的完成时连用 必须改为延续动词 记住下面的瞬间动词与延续动词的换用 I came to this school ten years ago I have been in this school for ten years Ten years has passed since I came to this school It is ten years since I came to this school 专练 A 用所给动词的适当形式填空 1 I buy this bicycle for five years 2 You can borrow it for two days 3 The film begin for five minutes 4 How long you go this school 5 My brother join the army since 1999 6 I put on the shoes since three years ago 7 The old man die since 2000 B 将下面的句子变为同义句 8 They got married two years ago It since they got married 9 We came to this school three years ago We this school three years 10 I have been up for two hours Two hours I got up 考点考点 8 如何将主动语态变为被动语态 如何将主动语态变为被动语态 主动句变为被动句的方法是 一看动词 二换主语 三变谓语 主动句变为被动句的方法是 一看动词 二换主语 三变谓语 1 主动句有双宾语 可将其中一个宾语变为主语 但若将直接宾语用作主语 后面要使用主动句有双宾语 可将其中一个宾语变为主语 但若将直接宾语用作主语 后面要使用 to 或或 for 引出引出 间接宾语 间接宾语 He gave me a book yesterday I was given a book yesterday A book was given to me yesterday 2 动词短语是一个不可分的整体 变化时不能丢掉介词或副词 动词短语是一个不可分的整体 变化时不能丢掉介词或副词 You should speak to me politely I should be spoken to politely to 不可少 2 主动句的主语若是地点名词 变化时不要忘记加介词 主动句的主语若是地点名词 变化时不要忘记加介词 Shandong produces salt Salt is produced in Shandong 4 带宾语补足语的动词变为被动语态时 宾补在原位置不动 带宾语补足语的动词变为被动语态时 宾补在原位置不动 I saw a man playing basketball there A man was seen playing basketball there 5 在主动句中某些动词后的不定式可省略在主动句中某些动词后的不定式可省略 to 但在被动句中 但在被动句中 to 要补出 要补出 Our parents make us study hard We are made to study hard 专练 将下面句子的主动语态变为被动语态 被动语态变为主动语态 1 The students clean the room every day 2 She gave me twenty yuan last week 3 A present was bought for me by my sister 4 The girl has taken care of the blind men for five years 考点考点 9 哪些动词的主动形式可以表示被动意义 哪些动词的主动形式可以表示被动意义 1 动词变动词 动词变动词 buy have borrow keep 2 变为变为 be adj adv begin be on close open be closed open die be dead finish be over get up be up marry be married go be off come be here return be back arrive be here 3 变为变为 be 介词短语介词短语 come go be in at join be in 或或 be 成员成员 put on wear 或或 be in 4 1 系动词 如系动词 如 look feel taste smell 等 等 The music sounds beautiful 这音乐听起来很美 这音乐听起来很美 2 sell feel write drive open 等词作不及物动词 其主语为物时 等词作不及物动词 其主语为物时 This kind of clothes sells well 这种衣服卖得很好 这种衣服卖得很好 3 在在 be worth doing sth 中的中的 doing The basketball match is well worth watching 这场篮球赛很值得看 这场篮球赛很值得看 4 在在 need want require 等表示等表示 需要需要 的动词后接的动词后接 V ing 形式表示被动意义 相当于形式表示被动意义 相当于 to be done My kite wants mending 我的风筝需修理 我的风筝需修理 专练 用所给动词的适当形式填空 1 The fur of the cat feel very warm 2 The apples taste good 3 This kind of food smell hot 4 The latest model cars sell well 5 The ball pen write smoothly 6 Your coat not wash easily 7 The book is worth read 8 Your hair wants cut 考点考点 10 被动语态有哪些习惯用法 被动语态有哪些习惯用法 It is said that 据说据说 It is well known that 众所周知众所周知 It is reported that 据报道据报道 It is believed that 大家相信大家相信 It is said that it will rain tomorrow 据说明天要下雨 据说明天要下雨 专练 根据汉语提示 用适当的词填空 完成下面的句子 1 据说 we will have an English exam tomorrow 2 众所周知 most families have one bike at least 3 大家相信 our government will solve this problem 考点考点 11 如何判断时态 如何判断时态 遇到时态判断题可按以下步骤判断 遇到时态判断题可按以下步骤判断 一找标志 词 一找标志 词 二想公式 三写变化 二想公式 三写变化 首先找出时态标志词 如 首先找出时态标志词 如 He not talk now 其标志词是其标志词是 now 再根据标志词确定用哪些时态 想想其公式 如再根据标志词确定用哪些时态 想想其公式 如 now 是现在进行时的标志 公式是是现在进行时的标志 公式是 am is are V ing 注意 看句式是疑问句还是否定句 写出变化形式 如上题是否定句 故填注意 看句式是疑问句还是否定句 写出变化形式 如上题是否定句 故填 isn t talking 中考英语试题精选中考英语试题精选 动词时态与语态动词时态与语态 1 辽宁 沈阳 1 Tomorrow there s a programme about our school on TV then it by millions of people A will see B saw C will be seen D was seen 1 湖北 襄樊 2 I the Great Wall next week Have a good trip A visit B visited C am visiting D have visited 1 山东 东营 3 He to Dongying many times so he knows every corner of it A went B will go C has gone D has been 1 安徽省卷 4 Are you going to the party No because I A have asked B haven t asked C have been asked D haven t been asked 1 河北省卷 5 This term over The summer vacation is coming in two weeks A is B was C has been D will be 1 湖北 武汉 6 When you to learn to skate 5 Five years ago A do start B will start C had started D did start 1 福建 晋江 7 I want to teach in Tibet when I graduate from the college Me too Teachers very much there A need B are needing C are needed 1 湖北 咸宁 8 The 1 Asian Sports Meet this November in Guangzhou Yes I wish Chinese players will do well A will be held B have been held C was to be held D would be held 1 黑龙江 哈尔滨 9 Great changes have taken place since we E Times And the computer is widely used throughout the world A entered B will enter C have entered 1 贵州 铜仁 10 Hello Is that Mr Jiang No he Guiyang He will be back in more than two weeks A goes B went C has gone to D has been to 1 江苏 镇江 11 The Summer Palace is wonderful Have you ever visited any other interesting places Yes Also we to the Great Wall A have gone B have been C had gone D had been 1 江苏 苏州 12 What do you think of the film Avatar It s fantastic The only pity is that I the beginning of it A missed B was missing C miss D will miss 1 甘肃 兰州 13 In the past few years there great changes in my hometown A have been B were C had been D are 1 湖北 宜昌 14 There s too much salt in the Chinese diet So there is The WHO says only 1 5 grams of salt for each man every day A is needed B needs C will need D has needed 1 广东 广州 15 Excuse me what s this for It s a cleaner and it to pick up dirt A uses B is used C is using D used 1 四川 达州 16 When we got to Yushu airport we were told that they more than 500 people from the ruins 废墟 by earthquake A has saved B saved C had saved D have saved 1 宁夏 17 Have you read this book Yes I it two weeks ago A am reading B have read C will read D read A am doing B were doing C was doing 1 重庆 18 If you to the 1 Shanghai Expo next month I will go with you A go B has gone C will go D are going 1 浙江 义乌 19 It to drive after drinking wine A is allowed B is not allowed C is made D is welcomed 2 山东临沂 20 Chen Guangbiao says he all his money to charities when he dies A leaves B left C will leave D would leave 2 山东威海 21 Mom when can I go out to play football Finish your homework first or I let you go out A don t B didn t C won t D haven t 2 山东青岛 22 Hello I m very glad to see you When you here A did arrive B will arrive C have arrive D are arriving 6 3 山东滨州 23 We know that she enjoys books very much A read B reads C reading D to read 3 山东滨州 24 My pen pal Andrew found it difficult Chinese well A learning B learn C to learn D learned 3 山东菏泽 25 As one of the school rules middle school students are not to smoke A ordered B refused C allowed D forbidden 3 山东菏泽 26 Our foreign teacher Mr Green us English since three years ago A has taught B is teaching C taught D teaches 3 山东济南 27 Why do you want to stay at home Because I good when I am with my family A smelt B feel C taste D sound 3 山东济南 28 Your paintings are so great David When did you learn Three years ago A to meet B to swim C to paint D to sing 3 山东济南 29 Do you know Tom Sure we have in the same village for many years A left B lived C come D gone 3 山东济宁 30 Sorry Mr Green I have my homework at home Never mind But don t forger next time A put B kept C left D remained 3 山东济宁 31 Will you go and see the movie Net Mother with me Thank you But I it already A saw B have seen C see D will see 3 山东聊城 32 Do you know the Englishman Yes I him for two years A get to know B hav