初中英语定语从句讲解、练习与答案

1 定语从句定语从句 一 一 初中英语重点词汇初中英语重点词汇 1 many much a few a little few little 1 many 修饰可数名词 much 修饰不可数名词 都表示许多 例如 He has many books 他有许多书 He drank much milk 他喝了许多牛奶 2 a few 和 a little 都表示 有一点儿 侧重于肯定 相当于 some 但 a few 修饰可数名词 a little 修饰不可数名词 例如 He has a few friends in London 他在伦敦有一些朋友 Would you like some coffee Yes just a little 喝点咖啡好吗 好的 只要一点 3 few 和 little 表示 几乎没有 侧重否定 few 后接可数名词 little 后接不可数名词 例如 He is a strange man He has few words 他是个怪人 他几乎不说什么话 Hurry up there is little time left 赶快 没什么时间了 2 seem look 1 seem 一般着重于以客观迹象为依据 意思是 似乎 好象 看起来 The baby seems to be happy 婴儿看上去似乎很高兴 He seemed to be sorry for that 他似乎为那件事感到抱歉 seem 能与 to do 结构连用 而 look 不能 It seems to rain 似乎要下雨了 They seemed to have finished their work 他们似乎已经完成了工作 在 it 作形式主语的句型中只能用 seem It seems that he is quite busy now 他现在看起来很忙 It seems to us that there is nothing serious 在我看来没什么大不了的 2 look 用作 看起来 好像 时 常从物体的外观或样貌上来判断 是以视觉所接受的印象为依据的 The room looks clean 这间房看起来很干净 The girl looks like her mother 那女孩看起来向她的妈妈 二 语法二 语法 定语从句定语从句 一 定义 一 定义 在复合句中 修饰某一名词名词或代词代词的从句叫做定语从句 定定语语 定语用来限定 修饰名词或代词的 是对名词或代词起修饰 限定作用的词 短语 动词不定式短语 动名词短 语和分词短语 或句子 汉语中常用 的的 表示 主要由形容词担任 此外 名词 代词 数词 分词 副词 不定式以及 介词短语 也可以来担任 也可以由一个句子来担任 单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前 作前置定语 短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后 作后置定语 定语从句是指在一个句子中作定语的句子 定语从句要放在所修饰的词后 如 1 The man who lives next to us is a policeman 2 You must do everything that I do 上面两句中的 man 和 everything 是定语从句所修饰的词 叫先行词 定语从句放在先行词的后面 引导定语从句的词有关系代词关系代词 that which who 宾格 who 所有格 whose 和关系副词关系副词 where when why 2 关系词常有三个作用关系词常有三个作用 1 引导定语从句 2 代替先行词 3 在定语从句中担当一个成分 二 关系代词引导的定语从句 二 关系代词引导的定语从句 1 who 指人 在从句中做主语 1 The boys who are playing football are from Class One 2 Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way 2 whom 指人 在定语从句中充当宾语 常可省略 1 Mr Liu is the person whom you talked about 注意 关系代词 whom 在口语和非正式语体中常用 who 代替 可省略 3 The man who whom you met just now is my friend 3 which 指物 在定语从句中做主语或者宾语 做宾语时可省略 1 Football is a game which is liked by most boys which 在句子中做主语 2 This is the pen which he bought yesterday which 在句子中做宾语 4 that 指人时 相当于 who 或者 whom 指物时 相当于 which 在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语 做宾语时可省略 5 The people that who come to visit the city are all here 在句子中做主语 6 Where is the man that whom I saw this morning 在句子中做宾语 5 whose 通常指人 也可指物 在定语从句中做定语 1 He has a friend whose father is a doctor 2 I lived in a house whose roof has fallen in whose 指物时 常用以下结构来代替 3 The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired 5 Do you like the book whose color is yellow Do you like the book the color of which is yellow 注 注 that 用法用法 1 不不用用 that 的的情情况况 a 在引导非限定性定语从句时 错 The tree that is four hundred years old is very famous here b 介词后不能用 We depend on the land from which we get our food We depend on the land that which we get our food from 2 只只能能用用 that 作作为为定定语语从从句句的的关关系系代代词词的的情情况况 a 在 there be 句型中 只用 that 不用 which b 在不定代词 如 anything nothing the one all 等作先行词时 只用 that 不用 which c 先行词有 the only the very the same the last just 修饰时 只用 that d 先行词为序数词 数词 形容词最高级时 只用that 不能用 which e 先行词既有人 又有物时 f 先行词指物 在主句中作表语时 g 为了避免重复 3 h 先行词是 the way 或 the reason 时 that 可作关系副词 也可省略 i 主句的主语是疑问词 who which 时 举例 Is this the book that you borrowed in the library 这是你在图书馆借的那本书吗 Who that break the window should be punished 谁打碎了窗户都要受到惩罚 All that is needed is a supply of oil 所需的只是供油问题 Finally the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police 那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察 三 关系副词引导定语从句 三 关系副词引导定语从句 关关系系副副词词 关系副词 在句中作状语 关系副词 介词 关系代词 why for which where in at on which 介词同先行词搭配介词同先行词搭配 when during on in which 介词同先行词搭配介词同先行词搭配 1 where 指地点指地点 在定语从句中做地点状语用来表示地点的定语从句 1 Shanghai is the city where I was born 2 The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down 2 when 引导定语从句表示时间时间 在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用 1 I still remember the day when I first came to the school 2 The time when we got together finally came 注 表示时间 time 一词的定语从句只用 when 引导 有时不用任何关系代词 当然也不用 that 引导 By the time you arrived in London we had stayed there for two weeks 到你到达伦敦的时候 我们在那里已经待了两个星期 I still remember the first time I met her 我仍然记得我第一次见到她 Each time he goes to business trip he brings a lot of living necessities such as towels soap toothbrush etc 每一次他去出差 他带来了生活必需品 如毛巾 肥皂 牙刷等 很多 3 why 指原因指原因 在定语从句中做原因状语 1 Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane 2 I don t know the reason why he looks unhappy today 注意 关系副词引导的从句可以由 介词 关系代词 引导的从句替换 1 The reason why for which he refused the invitation is not clear 2 From the year when in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up 注 1 介词后面的关系代词不能省略 2 that 前不能有介词 3 某些在从句中充当时间 地点或原因状语的 介词 关系词 结构可以同 关系副词 when where 和 why 互换 4 This is the house in which I lived two years ago This is the house where I lived two years ago Do you remember the day on which you joined our club Do you remember the day when you joined our club This is the reason why he came late This is the reason for which he came late 三 练习三 练习 练习一练习一 一 一 用关系代词或关系副词将下列每对句子连成一个复合句 用关系代词或关系副词将下列每对句子连成一个复合句 1 The boy is my younger brother He was here a minute ago 2 The old man is a professor He teaches chemistry in a college 3 Beijing Hotel is near Tian An Men Square The foreign visitors live there 4 The woman is here now You were talking about her 5 This is the hall We listened to the report in it the other day 6 The car was going 90 miles an hour The car just passed us 7 The man was my uncle The man waved to us 8 I enjoyed reading the book You gave me a book last week 9 I prefer the subject The subject is science 10 I spoke to the man The man is a professor 二 二 用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空 1 The house we live in is very big 2 The boy is wearing the black jacket is very clever 3 This is the present he gave me for my birthday 4 The man talked to you just now is an engineer 5 He talked about the teachers and schools he had visited 6 There is nothing in the world can frighten him 7 She wears a gold ring is very uncommon in our class 8 We visited a factory makes toys for children 5 9 Is this the place your father once lived 10 I ll never forget the days I joined the League 练习二练习二 一 单项填空一 单项填空 1 Who is the man was talking to our English teacher Oh It s Mr Baker our maths teacher A he B that C whom D which 2 I hate the people don t help others when they are in trouble A who B which C they D where 3 The foreigner visited our school is from Canada A which B when C who D whom 4 George Mallory was an English school teacher loved climbing A who B whom C he D which 5 This is the place I have ever visited A there B when C where D which 6 Nobody knows the reason she didn t come to the meeting A that B which C why D when 7 The moon is a world there is no life A that B which C where D why 8 He has forgotten the day he arrived A when B where C that D which 9 He still remembers the days he spent with your family A when B where C that D on which 10 Mr White car had been stolen came to the policeman A who B that C whose D which 11 He got to the village his family once lived before liberation A that B which C when D where 12 This is the house I want to buy A in which B that C whose D where 13 This is the house our beloved Premier Zhou once lived and worked A which B that C when D where 14 He didn t tell me the place he was born A that B which C when D where 15 He lived in a small village was a long way from the railway station A that B which C where D when 16 I work in a business almost everyone is waiting for a great chance A how B which C where D that 17 Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others of course made the others envy him 6 A who B that C what D which 18 American women usually identify their best friend as someone they can talk frequently A who B as C about which D with whom 19 The film brought the hours back to me I was taken good care of in that far away village A until B that C when D where 20 The famous scientist grew up he was born and in 1930 he came to Shanghai A when B whenever C where D wherever 21 A story goes Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more than being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court A when B where C what D that 22 The Parkers bought a new house but will need a lot of work before they can move in A they B it C one D which 23 Is this factory you worked at A the one B which C that D where 24 Is this the factory you worked A where B which C that D the one 25 Does the teacher know everybody planted the trees Yes he does A which B whose C where D who 26 The letter I received from him yesterday is very important A who B where C what D that 27 Where is the scientist gave us the talk yesterday He has gone back to Qinghua University A whom B who C whose D which 28 I hate people talk much but do little A whose B whom C which D who 29 Do you know a boy sister is a nurse in a hospital A who B that C whom D whose 30 Is there a shop near here we can buy vegetables and fruits A which B when C who D where 二 填入适当的关系代词或关系副词完成下列句子二 填入适当的关系代词或关系副词完成下列句子 1 The boys are playing football are from Class One 2 Those want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow 3 Mr Liu is the person you talked about on the bus 4 The professor you are waiting for has come 5 Football is a game is liked by most boys 6 He likes to read books are written by foreign writers 7 This is the pen he bought yesterday 8 We ll go to hear the famous singer we have often talked 7 9 Where is the man I saw this morning 10 The season comes after spring is summer 11 I visited a scientist name is known all over the country 12 He has a friend father is a doctor 13 I once lived in the house roof has fallen in 14 I still remember the day I first came to this school 15 The time we got together finally arrived 16 Shanghai is the city I was born 17 The house I lived ten years ago has been pulled down 18 Please tell me the reason you missed the plane 19 The reason he was punished is unknown to us 20 All the people are present burst into tears 21 There are about seven million people taking part in the election most of are well educated 22 He succeeded in the competition made his parents very happy 23 The school he once studied is very famous 24 Tomorrow I ll bring here the magazine you asked 25 This is the boy I played tennis with yesterday 练习三练习三 1 The house we live is not big A in that B which C in which D that 2 He talked about the lectures and schools he had visited A that B which C who D whom 3 The scientist the teacher is talking is leaving for Beijing A to him B whom C to D to that 4 I who your teacher will teach Marxism as a truth to you A is B are C were D am 5 they could do was to work hard A All B All what C All which D That 6 Do you know the reason he didn t come A that B which C for D why 7 The room windows face south is his A that B which C whose D who s 8 The park we visited yesterday is very nice A where B which C that D when 9 The park we met with him is very nice 8 A where B which C that D when 10 The first time I saw her was in 1989 A when B which C that D as 11 Pay attention to all I do A which B in which C what D that 12 I ve read all the books you gave me A which B them C what D that 13 Is there anything I can do for you A what B which C that D it 14 The woman child had fallen ill was a doctor A who B her C whose D 15 The pen I m using is hers A which it B that it C it D 16 I have the same trouble you have A that B which C as D what 17 It s the very book I want to find A which B that C it D so 18 He is the only one of the boys who English for four years A has learnt B have learnt C learn D learning 19 This is one of the books worth reading A that is B which are C it was D they are been 20 This is the best film been shown this year A which has B which have C that has D that have 21 This is the largest clock in the world the minute have is six minutes long A where B of which C that D of that 22 Can you tell me the reason you didn t come for yesterday A why B how C which D what 23 Do you still remember the day we spent together last month A that B in which C when D where 24 Oct 1 1949 was the day the New China was founded A that B in which 9 C when D where 25 Which Who of them knows something about English doesn t know this word A which B who C that D as 26 we all know he is a good man A Which B Who C That D As 27 I ve never seen such a lazy boy you are A which B who C that D as 28 There were many great leaders in the history Abraham Lincoln was the greatest one A in which B in whom C of which D of whom 29 I bought a new dictionary is very beautiful A whose the cover B of which cover C the cover of which D which cover 30 They have planted many trees one third of are pine trees A them B whose C which D that 31 That is my office face the south A it s windows B the windows C the windows of it D the windows of which 32 He s given us a lot of information is valuable A little of it B Little of which C a little D much of them 33 He has two sons is a collage student A who B both of whom C neither of whom D neither 34 There are forty five students in our class is only fifteen A the youngest of whom B the oldest of them C one of them D the tallest 35 He has published two books I ve completely forgotten A their names B the names of which C the names of them D what names of which 36 He has several friends the most devoted is Henry A friend B one of them C of them D of whom 37 Five men stole into the gate was lame in the right leg A the second B the third of whom C one of them D among them 38 This is the very school I wanted to visit A where B that C which D in which 39 Is the school you are going to work A where B that C which D there 10 40 Is this you want A which B the one C that D the one what 41 Shanghai I have visited twice has a large population A where B which C what D that 42 My youngest sister is forty years old has got a life professorship in a university A which B whom C who D that 43 The students didn t like the way she was dressed A B which C what D how 44 There s no way you could stop others talking about you unless you don t spare yourself 严格要求自己 A for B that C where D of which 45 I am determined to learn my subjects in the way you have done A in which B by what C what D where 46 He used to do things in a way did no harm to anybody A B what C in which D that 47 I ll do to help you A all I can B all what I can C all those I manage D all which I can 48 All want to buy the book put down your names here A who B these that C those who D ones 49 This is the third time you re late for school A in which B that C which D on which 50 He arrived yesterday was just what we expected A what B who C that D which 51 Einstein taught at Princeton there was a famous research institute A that B where C which D because of 52 That is the reason he came to see you A when B that C which D for which 53 She is one of the few persons Spanish in our school A who knows B who know C which speak D that speaks 54 He is the only one of the teachers Spanish in our school A who teaches B who teach C which teaches D that teach 55 You are the only one advice he might listen to 11 A who B that C whose D whatever 56 Here is so big a stone no man can lift A as B which C who D that 57 He seems a foreigner in fact it is A which B as C that D and 58 Who has common sense will do such a thing A which B who C whom D that 59 Is this the museum some German friends visited last Wednesday A that B where C in which D the one 60 Is this museum you visited the other day A that B where C in which D the one 61 How do you like the book It s quite different from I read last month A that B which C the one D the one what 62 Which sentence is wrong A The finger I dipped into the cup was not the one I put it into my mouth B Do you know the boy who jumped onto the platform C Science and new technology have made it possible for farmers to produce more food on the same amount of land D People in ancient times took it for granted that the sun moved round the earth 63 Antarctic we know very little is covered with thick ice all the year round A which B where C that D about which 64 Each time they met they would talk long hours together A which B durin