名词性从句讲义及综合练习

空课讲义三答案 名词性从句名词性从句 在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句 它包括主语从句 宾语从句 表语从主语从句 宾语从句 表语从 句和同位语从句句和同位语从句 名词性从句是中学阶段的一个重要语法项目 在历年的高考中几乎都涉 及到 并且每年的命题各有变化 分析历届高考试题名词性从句考查的焦点主要有以下六 个方面 1 考查引导词 that 与 what 的区别 2 考查 it 在名词性从句中作形式主语或形式宾语的用法 3 考查名词性从句中的疑问词 ever 引导的名词性从句与 no matter 疑问词引导的状语从句 的区别 4 考查名词性从句的虚拟语气问题 一 名词性从句的连接词一 名词性从句的连接词 主语从句 表语从句 宾语从句 同位语从句 在整个句子中所起的作用 相当于一 个名词 因此 这四种从句通称为名词性从句 引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类 连接词 that whether if 不充当从句的任何成分 连接代词 what whatever who whoever whom whose which 连接副词 when where how why 二 具体分类二 具体分类 1 1 主语从句主语从句 作句子主语的从句叫主语从句 主语从句通常由从属连词 that whether if 和连接代 词 what who which whatever whoever 以及连接副词 how when where why 等词引 导 that 在句中无词义 只起连接作用 连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含 义 又起连接作用 在从句中充当从句的成分 例如 1 What he wants to tell us is not clear 他要跟我们说什么 还不清楚 2 It is known to us how he became a writer 我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的 3 Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced 英语晚会将在哪里举行 还没有宣布 4 That the earth moves around the sun 地球围绕太阳转 is a truth 5 Whoever studies hard 任何努力学习的人 will pass the exam 6 What I told you 我所告诉你的 just now was what had been written in the letter 7 Whether I accept the gift or refuse it 我是接受礼物还是拒绝它 is none of your business 有时用形式主语 it 代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首 而把主语从句置于句末 常用句 型如下 It is necessary important obvious true natural surprising good wonderful funny possible likely certain probable etc that 有必要 重要的是 从句用虚拟语气 It is believed said reported thought expected decided announced arranged etc that 人们相信 It is common knowledge no wonder an honor a good thing a pity no surprise etc that 是常识 It appears happens occurred to sb that 似乎 8 他没有想到 Jack 能够把这道题目做出来 It didn t occur to him that Jack could figure it out 9 真奇怪你这样说 It is strange that you should say so 10 英语正被接受为国际的语言 这是事实 It is a fact that English is regarded as an International language 2 宾语从句作动词或介词的宾语宾语从句作动词或介词的宾语 1 You can write about 无论什么 topic you like whatever 2 He made quite clear he wouldn t change his mind it that 3 You may choose from 从剩下的东西中 what is left a It be 形容词 that 从句 b It be ed 分词 that 从句 d It 不及物动词 that 分句 c It be 名词 that 从句 4 I don t doubt my friend John will come to China soon that 5 I doubt he will come or not whether 6 I don t think true that he came to the concert yesterday it 7 She told her pupils that the earth is round 不用 was 8 He said that he would spend his winter holiday in London this year and that it would be the first time he would spend his holiday alone abroad 规律总结 1 主句的谓语是 make find see hear 等 而且带有复合宾语时 可把宾语从句放在宾补 之后 用 it 作形式宾语 2 某些 adj 如 sure happy glad certain 等 以及一些非谓语动词之后可带宾从 3 主句的谓语动词如果是现在时或将来时 宾语从句的谓语动词可以不受限制 主句的谓语 动词如果是过去时 则宾语从句的谓语动词通常必须 用过去的各种时态 这叫时态的一 致性 但有两种情况不受事态一致性的约束 即宾语从句中有具体的时间或讲述的内容是真理 客观事实 4 doubt 的宾语从句 在否定句中用 that 肯定句中用 whether 5 5 用 who whom which whose what when where why how whoever whatever whichever 等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句 应注意句子语序要用陈述语序 例 1 3 6 当一个动词带有两个或两个以上 that 引导的宾语从句时 第一个 that that 从句一般不能充当介词宾语 偶尔可作 except in but 的宾语 如 Tom is a nice boy except that he is sometimes late for school 汤姆是个很棒的男孩 除了有时上学迟到 His request is unreasonable in that he knows we can t afford it 他的要求是不合理的 因为他知道我们负担不起 宾语从句中的虚拟语气 I insist that she should do her work alone 我坚持要她自己工作 The commander ordered that troops should set off at once 司令员命令部队马上出发 规律总结 在 demand order advise recommend propose suggest decide insist desire request command require 等表示要求 命令 建议 决定 等意义的动词后 宾语从句常用 should 动词原形 3 表语从句表语从句 The fact is that we have lost the game 事实是我们已经输了这场比赛 That is why he didn t come to the meeting 那就是他为什么不到会的原因 It looks as if it is going to rain 看上去天要下雨了 The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning Shenzhen is not what it was 10 years ago 规律总结 1 在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句 引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词 大致一样 表语 从句位于连系动词后 有时用 as if 引导 其基本结构为 主语 系动词 that 从 句 2 that 不省略 3 需要注意的 当主语是 reason 时 表语从句要用 that 引导而不是 because 表语从句中的虚拟语气 在 advice suggestion proposal recommendation demand request requirement command order 等名词后面的表语从句中 句子要用虚拟语气 如 My suggestion is that we should give him another chance Her requirement is that she should be sent to Tibet to work 4 同位语从句同位语从句 同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容 同位语从句通常由 that 引导 规律总结 可用于同位语从句的名词有 advice demand doubt fact hope idea information message news order problem promise question request suggestion truth wish word 等 The news that we won the game is exciting 我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人激动 I have no idea when he will come back home 我不知道他什么时候回来 The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill 他想到可能玛丽生病了 The question how they could get the information was brought forward at the meeting The government warned that the rumour that an earthquake would hit Harbin was not believa ble 提示 下列名词如 advice suggestion proposal recommendation demand request requirement command order 等用于同位语从句时 从句要用虚拟语气 即 should do should 可省略 My suggestion that we should collect money for the poor girl has been taken My parents have approved of my request that I should go abroad to study 三 名词性从句中需要注意的几个问题三 名词性从句中需要注意的几个问题 1 whether if 是否是否 引导的名词性从句引导的名词性从句 whether 和 if 在宾语从句中可以互换 但是作介词宾语时连接词一般用 whether It all depends on whether they will come back 后面直接跟 or not 时只能用 whether I didn t know whether or not he had arrived in Wuhan 主语从句 表语从句中只能用 whether Whether the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet whether 和 if 的区别 whether 和 if 的区别 在 discuss 后引导宾语从句时只能用 whether They are discussing whether they should spare some money to help the victims whether 可以引导同位语从句 用以 说明前面的名词的内容 而 if 不能 We ought to discuss the question carefully whether we can do it or not whether 常与 or 连用表示一种选择 if 不能这样用 whether 也可与动词 不定式连用但 if 不能 The question of whether they are male or female is not important I don t know whether to leave or not 2 what wh ever that 引导的名词性从句引导的名词性从句 Every time you eat a sweet drink green tea This is what my mother used to tell me 2014 浙江高考 表语从句 每次你吃糖的时候要喝点绿茶 这是我妈妈过去 常常告诉我的事情 Whoever wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way 主语从句 任何一个想要住旅店的人都必须自己付钱 We promise whoever attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star 宾语从句 我们承诺无论谁参加晚会 都有一次机会与这位电影明星合影 Whatever No matter what you say I will not believe you 让步状语从句 What I can do now is go to sleep All that I can do is go to sleep The problem is that we don t have enough money 规律总结 1 what 引导名词性从句时 what 在从句中作主语 宾语 表语 定语 而 that 不充 当成分 2 疑问词 ever 可引导名词性从句 在从句中要充当一定的成分 whoever 与 whatever 表泛指 意 为 无论谁 无论什么 whichever 表示在特定范围内选择 意为 无论 的哪 一个 哪一些 3 疑问词 ever 还可以引导让步状语从句 4 no matter 疑问词 只能引导让步状语从句 3 3 同位语从句与定语从句的区别同位语从句与定语从句的区别 The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school 他们赢得比赛的消息很快就传遍了整个学校 同位语从句 进一步解释 the news 的 内容 The news that you told me yesterday was really disappointing 你昨天告诉我的消息真的很令人失望 定语从句 它指的是 你昨天告诉我的那个 消息 I had no idea that you were here that 引导同位语从句 不能省略 Have you got the idea that this book gives you of life in ancient Greece that 引导 定语从句 作宾语 可以省略 规律总结 1 同位语从句是对前面名词的内容作进一步的解释 说明 引导词 that 只起引导作 用 在句中不作 任何成分 一般不可省略 2 定语从句是对前面名词进行修饰 限制 引导词在句中作一定的句子成分 名词性从句练习名词性从句练习 语法填空语法填空 1 Every year makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival whoever 2 Jane moved aimlessly down the tree lined street not knowing she was heading where 3 We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to 20 half of it used to charge what 4 She asked me I had returned the books to the library and I admitted that I hadn t whether 5 Your support is important to our work you can do helps Whatever 6 The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is one can be entirely free from dust that 7 It is often the case anything is possible for those who hang on to hope that 8 The manager put forward a suggestion we should have an assistant There is too much work to do that 9 You have to know you re going if you are to plan the best way of getting there where 10 I truly believe beauty comes from within that 11 A ship in harbor is safe but that s not ships are built for what 12 If you swim in a river or lake be sure to investigate is below the water surface Often there are rocks or branched hidden in the water what 13 We must find out Karl is coming so we can book a room for him when 14 The exhibition tells us we should do something to stop air pollution why 15 Reading her biography I was lost in admiration for Doris Lessing had achieved in literature what 16 I wonder Mary has kept her figure after all these years By working out every day how 17 we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel How 18 Exactly the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain but it was probably around 1565 When 19 I think impresses me about his painting is the colours he uses what 20 It is difficult for us to imagine life was like for slaves in the ancient world what 21 Among the many dangers sailors have to face probably the greatest of all is fog which 22 What a mess You are always so lazy I m not to blame mum I am you have made me what 23 It remains to be seen the newly formed committee s policy can be put into practice whether 24 After seemed like hours he came out with a bitter smile What 25 In 1492 Columbus reached is now called America What 单句改错单句改错 1 误 That he really means is what he doesn t agree with us That 改为 What 2 误 The news which our team had won pleased everyone which 改为 that 3 误 The reason why he failed in the exam was because he was too careless because 改为 that 4 误 If he is an engineer is unknown If 改为 Whether 5 误 What he needs is enough time and what I need is enough books 第二个 is 改为 are 6 误 I ll make known to all that you were not honest make 后加 it 7 误 My suggestion is that we will learn more words by heart Will 改为 should 8 When and where we shall have the lecture are not decided are 改为 is 9 This is a fact that English is widely used as an international language This 改为 It 10 What the earth moves around the sun is known to all What 改为 That 完形填空完形填空 In our modern world when something wears out we throw it away and buy a new one The 1 is that countries around the world have growing mountains of 2 because people are throwing out more rubbish than ever before How did we 3 a throwaway society First of all it is now easier to 4 an object than to spend time and money to repair it 5 modern manufacturing 制造业 and technology companies are able to produce products quickly and inexpensively Products are plentiful and 6 Another cause is our 7 of disposable 一次性的 products As 8 people we are always looking for 9 to save time and make our lives easier Companies 10 thousands of different kinds of disposable products paper plates plastic cups and cameras to name a few Our appetite for new products also 11 to the problem We are 12 buying new things Advertisements persuade us that 13 is better and that we will be happier with the latest products The result is that we 14 useful possessions to make room for new ones All around the world we can see the 15 of this throwaway lifestyle Mountains of rubbish just keep getting bigger To 16 the amount of rubbish and to protect the 17 more governments are requiring people to recycle materials 18 this is not enough to solve 解决 our problem Maybe there is another way out We need to repair our possessions 19 throwing them away We also need to rethink our attitudes about 20 Repairing our possessions and changing our spending habits may be the best way to reduce the amount of rubbish and take care of our environment 分析 文章主要讲的是堆积如山的垃圾给环境带来的影响 随着社会的发展 人们倾向 于扔掉用旧了的东西 以新物品取而代之 而且 包装盒等一次性产品给人们带来方便的 同时 也给环境带来很大的压力 1 A key B reason C project D problem 解析 句意 关键是世界各国日益堆积如山的垃圾 A 答案 B 原因 C 项目 D 问题 根据第二行 the world 可知 出现的问题是垃圾堆积如山 故选 D 答案 D 2 A gifts B rubbish C debt D products 解析 句意 因为人们扔掉垃圾比以往任何时候都多 考查上下文逻辑关系 根据下文 中的 throwing out more rubbish 可知 答案 B 3 A faceB becomeC observeD change 解析 句意 我们如何成为一个一次性的社会 考查动词辨析 答案 B 4 A hideB controlC replaceD withdraw 解析 句意 首先 现在我们可以更容易地替换一个对象要比花时间和金钱来修复它更 容易 答案 C 5 A Thanks to B As to C Except for D Regardless of 解析 句意 由于现代制造业和技术 公司能够迅速而廉价地制造产品 考查介词短 语辨析 A 幸亏 由于 B 至于 关于 C 除 之外 D 不顾 不管 答案 A 6 A safe B funny C cheap D powerful 解析 句意 产品丰富多样并且廉价 考查形容词辨析 A 安全的 B 滑稽可笑的 D 强大的 强有力的 均不符合题意 答案 C 7 A love B lack C prevention D division 解析 句意 一次性的另一个原因是我们的爱 一次性的 产品 考查名词辨析 B 缺乏 C 预防 阻碍 D 部门 分割 答案 A 8 A sensitive B kind C brave D busy 解析 句意 对于忙碌的人而言 我们一直在寻找方法来节省时间 让我们的生活更容 易 考查生活常识 A 敏感的 B 和蔼的 C 勇敢的 答案 D 9 A waysB places C jobs D friends 解析 句意 见 8 题 way to do sth 为固定搭配 答案 A 10 A donate B receive C produce D preserve 解析 句意 公司生产成千上万的不同种类的一次性产品 如纸盘子 塑料杯 照相机 等等 考查逻辑关系 A 捐赠 B 收到 D 保护 维持 答案 C 11 A adapts B returns C responds D contributes 解析 句意 我们的新产品需求也导致一些问题 考查固定短语搭配 A 适应 改编 B 返回 回复 C 对 做出反应 D contribute to 有助于 导致 答案 D 12 A tired of B addicted to C worried about D ashamed for 解析 句意 我们热衷于购买新东西 考查固定短语搭配 A 对 厌倦 B 对 上 瘾 迷恋于 C 担心 D 为 感到惭愧 答案 B 13 A newer B stronger C higher D larger 解析 句意 广告说服我们 越新越好 我们会更乐于使用最新产品 考查生活常识 答案 A 14 A pick up B pay for C hold onto D throw away 解析 句意 结果是 我们扔掉有用的东西 为新的物品腾出空间 考查上下文逻辑 关系 A 捡起 学会 B 付款 赔偿 C 紧紧抓住 抓住不放 保持住 D 扔掉 丢弃 答案 D 15 A advantages B purposes C functions D consequences 解析 句意 在世界各地 我们可以看到这种一次性生活方式的后果 考查名词辨析 A 优势 优点 B 目的 C 功能 D 后果 结果 答案 D 16 A show B record C decreaseD measure 解析 句意 为了减少垃圾 保护环境 越来越多的政府要求人们回收材料 考查动词 辨析 A 显示 表明 B 记录 记载 C 减少 D 测量 权衡 答案 C 17 A technology B environment C consumersD brands 解析 句意 见 16 题 考查上下文逻辑关系 由文章最后的 take care of our environment 可知 答案 B 18 A However B Otherwise C Therefore D Meanwhile 解析 句意 然而 这并不足以解决我们的问题 考查副词辨析 A 可是 然而 B 否 则 C 否则 D 与此同时 答案 A 19 A by B in favour of C after D instead of 解析 句意 我们需要修复我们的财产而不是丢弃 考查介词和介词短语辨析 D instead of 代替 而不是 答案 D 20 A spending B collecting C repairing D advertising 解析 句意 我们还需要重新思考我们对消费的态度 考查逻辑关系 由上文可知 答案 A 短文改错短文改错 Dear Jack Welcome to my school Upon your arrival there will be a party for you organizing by my classmates You may attend to English classes to feel a differently learning style After that you can go to your host family that you can experience the Chinese way of life You can have meals together chatting about whatever interest you The host family will also show you off some famous scenic spots You can see people selling kites everywhere because our city was home to kites There are varieties of kites to choose So isn t that a good idea to buy some for your friends Write to me unless you have any questions about the schedule Yours Li Hua 解析 分析 李华在信中告诉 Jack 来中国之后的学习和生活安排 1 organizing organized 考查动词形式 根据句中主语 you 和动词 organize 的关系以及 by my classmates 可知此处是被动形式 表示 被组织 故 organizing organized 2 attend 后去掉 to 考查动词用法 attend 参加 是及物动词后面直接加宾语 此处指 参加英语课 故 attend 后去掉 to 3 differently different 考查形容词 此处修饰名词 learning style 要用形容词 指不同的 学习风格 故 differently different 4 that where 考查定语从句 句中包含定语从句 先行词是 host family 在定语从句中做 状语 指在中国家庭感受中国式生活 要用关系副词 where 故 that where 5 interest interests 考查动词形式 句中主语是 whatever 是单数形式动词也要用单数 故 interest interests 6 off around 考查固定短语 show around 带领某人参观 此处指带领你参观景点 故 off around 7 was is 考查时态 全文是现在时 此处是客观事实要用现在时 故 was is 8 choose 后加 from 考查介词 此处指从各种风筝中选择 故 choose 后加 fom 9 that it 考查形式主语 不定式 to buy some for your friends 在句中是真正主语 用 il 做形式主语 故 that it 10 unless if when 考查连词 句意 如果对时间表有问题写信给我冷有问题时写信给 我 根据句意 unless if when 语法填空语法填空 China will allow all