初中语法-动词不定式和动名词

校区 校区 使用日期 使用日期 年段年段 科目 科目 仓山 仓山 南门 南门 东街 东街 晋安 晋安 1 动词不定式 不定式符号 to 动词原形 一 用作主语一 用作主语 1 Is easy to finish the design before National Day A this B that C it D he 2 It forty five minutes there by bus A cost to get B takes getting C takes to get D takes to get to 动词不定式作主语时 句子的谓语动词常用单数 其位置有以下两种 1 把不定式置于句首 如 To get there by bike will take us half an hour 2 用 it 作形式主语 把真正的主语不定式置于句后 常用于下列句式中 It be 名词 to do It s our duty to take good care of the old It takes sb some time to do How long did it take you to finish the work It be 形容词 for sb to do It is difficult for us to finish writing the compositionin a quarter of an hour It be 形容词 of sb to do It is stupid of you to write down everything the teachersays 注意 不定式复合结构的介词用 for 还是 of 主要决定于前面形容词的性质 一般说来 of 前面的形容词是 careful clever foolish good kind nice wise 等 既说明人的特性 又说明不定式动作的特性 for 前面的形容词是 dangerous difficult easy hard heavy important interesting necessary 等 一般说明不定式动作的特性 不说明人的特性 前面如果是名词用 for 二 二 用作表语 The first thing is the teacher A greet B greeting C to greet D to greeting This house is in A living B to live C live D to living 动词不定式作表语 常说明主语的内容 性质 特征 如 The best way to improve your English is to join an English club 三 用作宾语 1 可以接带 to 的动词不定式作宾语的动词主要有 要求选择同意 ask choose agree 期望决定学习 expect hope decide learn 宁可计划知道 prefer plan know 希望想要愿意 wish want would like love 如 1 We decided to talk to some students about why they go there 2 He prefers to eat white bread and rice 3 Id love to visit Mexico 2 当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式时 先用形式宾语 it 代替不定式 把不定式置于补语之后 如 feel find make it adj n to do 如 校区 校区 使用日期 使用日期 年段年段 科目 科目 仓山 仓山 南门 南门 东街 东街 晋安 晋安 2 I find it difficult everything A to remember B remember C remembering We think it quite important for us to learn a foreignlanguage well He feels it his duty to help the poor 四 用作定语四 用作定语 1 I m hungry Get me something A eat B to eat C eating D for eating 2 Have you got everything ready for the trip Yes There s nothing A to worry about B need to worry about C to worry at all D worrying about 3 He is a nice person A to work with B working with C worked with D to be worked 1 句子的主语或宾语是动词不定式的逻辑主语 不定式与其所修饰的名词 代词等存在逻辑的动宾关系时 用动词 不定式的主动式 如 1 I cant think of any good advice to give her 动宾关系 2 Basketball has also become a more popular sport for people to watch 2 动词不定式所修饰的名词是 place time way 等时 不定式与这些名词呈现出动状关系或同位关系 如 1 He needs time to do homework 2 Is that a good place to hang out 3 You want to know the best way to get around the city 五 用作补语五 用作补语 Their teacher often them a funny story his class lovely and interesting A tells to make B talks to make C says makes D speaks makes 动词不定式作补语时 在主动语态句里补宾语 在被动语态句里补主语 句子的宾语或主语是不定式动作的逻辑执行 者 如果不定式是 to be done 句子的宾语或主语就是逻辑承受者 1 在主 被动语态句里用带 to 的动词不定式作补语的动词主要有 要求允许提议 ask allow permit advise 期望邀请鼓励 expect suppose invite encourage 教导告诉想要 teach tell want 等待希望愿意 wait for wish would like love 如 1 Id invite her to have dinner at my house 2 Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes 3 Email English is supposed to be used on mobile phones 2 动词不定式作补语 在主动语态句里不带 to 被动语态句里带 to 时多数动词是感官动词和使役动词 包括 四 看 look at observe see watch 三 让 have let make 二 听 hear listen to 一 感觉 feel 一 注意 notice 1 This picture makes me feel tense 2 Of course we want to see Liu Yu achieve his dreams 3 be said be sure happen seem 等后面可以接带 to 的动词不定式作主语的补语 如 1 He doesn t seem to have many friends 校区 校区 使用日期 使用日期 年段年段 科目 科目 仓山 仓山 南门 南门 东街 东街 晋安 晋安 3 2 Be sure not to miss them if they come to a city near you 1 We saw him the building and go upstairs A to enter B enter C entering D entered 2 Don t always make Michacl this or that He is already a big boy dear Mr Bush said to his wife A do B to do C does D did 3 The young lady watched her daughter a yo yo yesterday afternoon A to play with B playing with C to play D plays 4 Though he had often made his little sister today he was made by his little sister A cry to cry B crying crying C cry cry D to cry cry 六 用作状语六 用作状语 1 The ice is thick enough A to walk on B for walking C to walk D to walk on it 2 The chair looks rather hard but in fact it is very comfortable to A sit B sit on C be sat D be sat on 作目的状语 I stayed there to see what would happen 2 Bob took down my telephone number in order not to forget it 3 I stayed there so that in order that I could see whatwould happen 4 I hurried to Professor Wang s house only to find he was out 我匆忙的感到王教授的家可是却发现他外出了 2 原因状语 多见于 sb be adj to do 结构句中 如 1 We are glad to hear the news 2 I was surprised to see that a three year old baby could write so well 3 结果状语 多见于 too to enough to so that 结构句中 如 七 带疑问词的不定式短语 1 There is no difference between in the two words I really don t know A what to choose B which to choose C to choose which D to choose what 2 Excuse me Would you please tell me buy a digital camera A what to B where to C what I can D where can I 动词不定式前面可以带疑问代词 what which who 或疑问副词 how when where why 等 这种结构起名词的作用 在句子里用作宾语 主语 表语等 或者单独使用 要注意的是 why 后面的不定式不带 to 如 1 用作句子的成分 1 I don t know what to try next 作宾语 2 Where to go is not decided yet 作主语 2 单独使用时相当于一个特殊疑问句 1 What to do next What will we you do next 2 Why go there Why do we you go there 1 The teacher told the students in class A not talk B don t talk C didn t talk D not to talk 校区 校区 使用日期 使用日期 年段年段 科目 科目 仓山 仓山 南门 南门 东街 东街 晋安 晋安 4 2 Mr Zhang you d better too much meat You are already over weight said the doctor A not to eat B to eat C not eat D eat 八 动词不定式的否定式八 动词不定式的否定式 不定式的否定式是 not never to do 不带 to 的不定式的否定式是 not never do 如 1 Sometimes they have disagreements and decide not to talk to each other 2 His parents tell him never to drive after drinking 堂上练一练 1 My mother often asks me early A get up B got up C getting up D to get up 2 We are told everywhere It s our duty to keep our school clean and tidy A not to make much noise B to throw waste paper C to draw D not to spit 3 The boy was too busy his father last term A to hear from B to write to C hearing from D write to 4 Look How heavy the rain is You d better A don t go now B stay here when it stops C not leave until it stops D not to leave at once 5 Bob would you like to come to our dinner party A Yes I would B Yes I d love to C No I wouldn t D No I don t go 6 Tracy can t play the match now please instead A have Lily do it B have Lily to do it C make Lily to do it D let Lily to do it 7 You must be very tired Why not a rest A to stop to have B to stop having C stop to have D stop having 8 There is going to an English party this evening in our school A to be B to have C having D being 9 You d better a policeman at this moment A not to sent for B won t sent for C don t sent for D not sent for 10 The teacher will show him A to use B use it C how to use it D uses 动名词动名词 动名词 doing 是一个动词的 ing 形式 在句子中起名词的作用 例如 walking playing running 等等 动名词 在句子中可以用作主语 动词宾语 介词宾语 和表语等成分 1 动名词可以起名词的作用 在句子中可以做主语 宾语 表语和定语 做主语 Playing football is my fabourite sport 做宾语 She is intersted in dancing 做表语 My fabourite sport is dancing 做定语 He is in the reading room 1 动名词作介词宾语 Object of a preposition A 1 I m used to sleeping with the windows open 我习惯开着窗子睡觉 2 We are interested in learning more about your work 我们对你的工作很感兴趣 想多了解点有关情况 3 The Americans succeeded in landing on the moon 美国人成功的登上了月球 校区 校区 使用日期 使用日期 年段年段 科目 科目 仓山 仓山 南门 南门 东街 东街 晋安 晋安 5 b by doing sth 1 Pat turned off the tape recorder by pushing the stop button 派特按下停止键 关上了录音机 2 We show other people that we are happy by smiling 我们通过微笑表示高兴 3 Wang improved his English by watching films 通过看电影 王提高了他的英语水平 C go shopping swimming fishing hunting skiing bowling dancing hiking mountain climbing 2 2 只能接动名词的词如下只能接动名词的词如下 finish deny enjoy consider miss mind keep discuss imagine admit escape understand practise complete suggest spend time doing 1 We finished eating at 7 30 last night 我们昨晚 7 30 吃完晚饭 2 I don t enjoy being laughed at by other people 我不喜欢被其他人嘲笑 3 It kept raining for three days 雨持续下了三天 4 We appreciate having had the opportunity to meet the king 我们非常感激能得到面见国王的机会 与动名词连用的短语 Special expressions with ing form 需要背诵 需要背诵 1 have fun doing sth 2 have a good time doing sth 3 have trouble in doing sth 4 have difficulty in doing sth 5 be busy doing 6 feel like doing 7 be used to doing 8 look forward to doing 9 what about doing how about doing 10 10 paypay attentionattention toto doingdoing 有些动词后即可接不定式 又可接动名词 但意义不一样 有些动词后即可接不定式 又可接动名词 但意义不一样 部分动词后接不定式或动名词时 意义差别较大 应根据句子语境选择使用 1 remember forget regret to do 动作未发生 doing 动作已发生 I remembered posting the letter today 我记得今天把信寄走了 Please remember to post the letter today 请别忘了今天把信寄走 2 2 meanmean toto dodo 打算做某事打算做某事 meanmean doingdoing 意味着意味着 I meant to catch up with the early bus This means wasting a lot of money 3 trytry toto dodo 设法尽力做某事设法尽力做某事 trytry doingdoing 试着做某事试着做某事 You should try to overcome your shortcomings Try working out the physics problem in another way 4 stopstop toto dodo 停下一件事去做另一件事 不定式作目的状语 停下一件事去做另一件事 不定式作目的状语 stopstop doingdoing 停止做某事停止做某事 校区 校区 使用日期 使用日期 年段年段 科目 科目 仓山 仓山 南门 南门 东街 东街 晋安 晋安 6 On the way to the airport I stopped to buy a paper You d better stop arguing and do as you are told 5 can tcan t helphelp doingdoing 禁不住禁不住 can tcan t helphelp toto dodo 不能帮助干不能帮助干 I couldn t help to finish this matter 我不能帮助完成这件事了 She can t help smiling 她禁不住笑了 6 gogo onon toto dodo 做不同的事或不同内容的事做不同的事或不同内容的事 gogo onon doingdoing 继续不停地做某事 指同一动作的继续继续不停地做某事 指同一动作的继续 He went on to talk about world situation 他接着又谈了世界形势 He went on reading Lesson Ten 他继续读第十课 After reading Lesson Nine he went on to read Lesson Ten 读完第九课后他继续读第十课 7 7 感官动词感官动词 dodo 表示动作的完整性表示动作的完整性 doing 表示动作的连续性 进行性表示动作的连续性 进行性 4 help 后接动词不定式作补语 to 可带可不带 一般说来 带 to 表间接帮助 不带 to 表直接帮助 在被动语态句 里 或者用不定式的否定式作补语时要带 to 如 1 They can help you to compare two different products so that you can buy the one you really need 1 Using email English helps you write quickly 用所给词的适当形式填空 2 Learning languages be fun 3 Are you interested in play computer games 4 You will make it if you keep try 5 Reading interesting novels make me happy 6 Have you finished do your homework yet 单项选择 1 They stop but there was no more sound at all A to listen B to hear C listening D to listen to 2 Remember him about it before he goes away Sure I will A tell B to tell C telling D told 3 I m sorry I forgot the book to you A to bring B bringing C bring D brought 4 Most of the children enjoy computer games A play B playing C played D to play 5 Tom finished the book yesterday A read B reading C to read D reads 6 How can I improve my spoken English You have to practise as much as you can A speak B speaking C spoken D to speak 7 We kept the ball to each other and they began to get angry A to pass B passing C pass D past 8 It s too hot Would you mind the windows please 校区 校区 使用日期 使用日期 年段年段 科目 科目 仓山 仓山 南门 南门 东街 东街 晋安 晋安 7 A open B opened C to open D opening 9 Have you finish the book Not yet I ll try it to you before Friday A reading returning B to read to return C reading to return D to read returning 10 The teacher asked the students to stop and to her A to talk listened B talking listen C talking listened D to talk listen 11 The chair looks very old but in fact it is very comfortable to A sit B sit on C be sat D be sat on 12 I m afraid they would not allow him here A to smoke B