安徽省蚌埠市2012届高考英语专题总复习 精选阅读理解强化集（30）

用心 爱心 专心 1 安徽省蚌埠市安徽省蚌埠市 20122012 届高考英语专题总复习精选阅读理解强化集届高考英语专题总复习精选阅读理解强化集 3030 阅读下列短文 从每题所给的四个选项 A B C 和 D 中 选出最佳选项 A A A person named Bernard Jackson today is a free man but he has many bitter memories He spent five years in prison after a jury 陪审团 wrongly convicted 判处 有罪 him of raping two women At Jackson s trial although two witnesses testified that Jackson was with them in another location at the time of the crime he was convicted anyway Why The jury believed the testimony 证词 of the two victims who positively identified Jackson as the man who had attacked them The court eventually freed Jackson after the police found the real criminal Many factors influence the accuracy of eyewitness testimony For instance witnesses sometimes see photographs of several suspects before they try to identify the person they saw in a group of people They can become confused by seeing many photographs of similar faces The number of people in the group and whether it is a person or a photograph may also affect a witness s decision People sometimes have difficulty identifying people of other races The questions the police ask witnesses also have an effect on them Many people believe that police officers are more reliable than ordinary people Psychologists decided to test this idea and they discovered that it is not true Two psychologists showed a film of crimes to both police officers and civilians The psychologists found no difference between the police and the civilians in correctly remembering the details of the crimes Despite all the possibilities for inaccuracy courts cannot leave out eyewitness testimony from a trial American courts depend almost completely on eyewitness testimony to resolve 决定 court cases Sometimes it is the only evidence to a crime such as rape Furthermore eyewitness testimony is often correct Although people do sometimes make mistakes and convict innocent people more importantly eyewitness testimony has rightly convicted a larger number of guilty people American courts depend on the ability of the twelve jurors and not the judges to determine the accuracy of the witness s testimony It is their responsibility to decide if a certain witness could actually see hear and remember what happened 1 Bernard Jackson was found guilty and sentenced 5 years prison because A the police discovered evidence leading to his guilt B he admitted the crime of raping two women C the victims insisted that he was the attacker D the eyewitness proved the victims testimony 2 The following statements may be the reasons for why sometimes the eyewitness testimony is not accurate EXCEPT A the eyewitness is confused by the police s questions 用心 爱心 专心 2 B the eyewitness is shown photos of many similar faces C the eyewitness lacks the professional help from police D the eyewitness can t identify people of other races clearly 3 An inaccurate eyewitness testimony may lead to A the misunderstanding of the case B the disbelief in the court C the disrespect for the eyewitness D the conviction of an innocent person 4 Eyewitness testimony is important because A it can be relied on to detect criminals in all cases B it is sometimes the only way to resolve court cases C it is sometimes the only clue for police investigation D it is more reliable than physical evidences to a crime 5 According to the text we can infer that A police identification is more reliable than that of the ordinary people B eyewitness testimony is valuable though sometimes incorrect C crime victims often fail to give positive identification of the suspects D the jury relies on the judge rather than the eyewitness for a decision B B Many trees in the Brackham area were brought down in the terrible storms that March The town itself lost two great lime trees from the former market square The disappearance of such striking features had changed the appearance of the town centre entirely to the annoyance of its more conservative inhabitants 居民 Among the annoyed under more normal circumstances would have been Chief Inspector Douglas Pelham head of the local police force But at the height of that week s storm when the wind brought down even the mature walnut tree in his garden Pelham had in fact been in no fit state to notice A large and healthy man he had for the first time in his life been seriously ill with an attack of bronchitis When he first complained of an aching head and tightness in his chest his wife Molly had tried to persuade him to go to the doctor Convinced that the police force could not do without him he had as usual ignored her and attempted to carry on working Predictably though he wouldn t have listened to anyone who tried to tell him so this had the effect of fogging his memory and shortening his temper It was only when his colleague Sergeant Lloyd took the initiative and drove him to the doctor s door that he finally gave in By that time he didn t have the strength left to argue with herher In no time at all she was taking him along to the chemist s to get his medicine and then home to his unsurprised wife who sent him straight to bed When Molly told him on the Thursday morning that the walnut tree had been brought down during the night Pelham hadn t been able to take it in On Thursday evening he had asked weakly about damage to the house groaned 含糊不 用心 爱心 专心 3 清地说 thankfully when he heard there was none and pulled the sheets over his head It wasn t until Saturday when the medicine took effect his temperature dropped and he got up that he realised with a shock that the loss of the walnut tree had made a permanent difference to the appearance of the living room The Pelhams large house stood in a sizeable garden It had not come cheap but even so Pelham had no regrets about buying it The leafy garden had created an impression of privacy Now though the storm had changed his outlook Previously the view from the living room had featured the handsome walnut tree This had not darkened the room because there was also a window on the opposite wall but it had provided interesting patterns of light and shade that hid the true state of the worn furniture that the family had brought with them from their previous house With the tree gone the room seemed cruelly bright its worn furnishings exposed in all their shabbiness And the view from the window didn t bear looking at The tall house next door previously hidden by the tree was now there dominating the outlook with its unattractive purple bricks and external pipes It seemed to have a great many upstairs windows all of them watching the Pelhams every movement Doesn t it look terrible Pelham whispered to his wife But Molly standing in the doorway sounded more pleased than dismayed That s what I ve been telling you ever since we came here We have to buy a new sofa whatever it costs 6 Why were some people in Brackham annoyed after the storm A No market could be held B The police had done little to help C The town looked different D Fallen trees had not been removed 7 In the third paragraph what do we learn about Chief Inspector Pelham s general attitude to his work A He finds it extremely annoying B is sure that he plays an important role C considers the systems are not clear enough D He does not trust the decisions made by his superiors 8 What aspect of the Pelhams furniture does shabbiness in paragraph 8 describe A its condition B its colour C its position D its design 9 As a result of the storm the Pelhams living room A was pleasantly lighter B felt less private C had a better view D was in need of repair 10 Why did Molly sound pleased by her husband s comment A It proved that he was well again B She agreed about the tree 用心 爱心 专心 4 C She thought he meant the sofa D It was what she expected him to say C C Long after the 1998 World Cup was won disappointed fans were still cursing 咒骂 the disputed refereeing 裁判 decisions that denied victory to their team A researcher was appointed to study the performance of some top referees The researcher organized an experimental tournament 锦标赛 involving four youth teams Each match lasted an hour divided into three periods of 20 minutes during which different referees were in charge Observers noted down the referees errors of which there were 61 over the tournament Converted to a standard match of 90 minutes each referee made almost 23 mistakes a remarkably high number The researcher then studied the videotapes to analyse the matches in detail Surprisingly he found that errors were more likely when the referees were close to the incident When the officials got it right they were on average 17 meters away from the action The average distance in the case of errors was 12 meters The research shows the optimum 最佳的 distance is about 20 meters There also seemed to be an optimum speed Correct decisions came when the referees were moving at a speed of about 2 meters per second The average speed for errors was 4 meters per second If FIFA football s international ruling body wants to improve the standard of refereeing at the next World Cup it should encourage referees to keep their eyes on the action from a distance rather than rushing to keep up with the ball the researcher argues He also says that FIFA s insistence that referees should retire at age 45 may be misguided If keeping up with the action is not so important their physical condition is less critical 11 The experiment conducted by the researcher was meant to A reexamine the rules for football refereeing B analyse the causes of errors made by football referees C set a standard for football refereeing D review the decisions of referees at the 1998 World Cup 12 The findings of the experiment show that A errors are more likely when a referee keeps close to the ball B the farther the referee is from the incident the fewer the errors C the more slowly the referee runs the more likely will errors occur D errors are less likely when a referee stays in one spot 13 The word officials Line 2 Para 4 most probably refers to A the researchers involved in the experiment B the inspectors of the football tournament C the referees of the football tournament D the observers at the site of the experiment 14 What is one of the possible conclusions of the experiment 用心 爱心 专心 5 A The ideal retirement age for an experienced football referee is 45 B Age should not be the chief consideration in choosing a football referee C A football referee should be as young and energetic as possible D An experienced football referee can do well even when in poor physical condition D D Psychology 心理学 has a new application in the field of medicine Many doctors together with their patients are looking for alternative methods of treatment of physical problems In large hospitals modern therapy 疗法 seems to focus on the physical disease Patients may feel they are treated like broken machines Some doctors have recognized this as a problem They are now using psychological therapy in which the patient is working with the doctors against the disease with the help of medicine The patient does not wait for the medicine and treatment to cure him or her but instead the patient joins in the fight The doctor knows that a disease affects a patient s body physically The body of the patient changes because of the disease He is not only physically affected but also has an emotional response to the disease Because his mind is affected his attitude and behavior change The medical treatment might cure the patient s physical problems but the patient s mind must fight the emotional ones For example the studies of one doctor Carl Simonton M D have shown that a typical cancer patient has predictable attitudes She typically feels depressed upset and angry Her constant depression makes her acts unfriendly toward her family friends doctors and nurses Such attitudes and behaviors prevent recovery Therefore a doctor s treatment must help the patient change that Simonton s method emphasizes treatment of the whole patient The attitude of a cancer patient receiving radiation therapy an X ray treatment can become more positive The physician who is following Simonton s psychological treatment plan suggests that the patient imagine that he or she can see the tumor 肿瘤 in the body In the mental picture the patient sees a powerful beam of radiation like a million bullets of energy The patient imagines the beam hitting the tumor cells and causing them to shrink For another cancer patient Dr Simonton asks him to imagine the medicine going from the stomach into the bloodstream and to the cancer cells The patient imagines that the medicine is like an army fighting the diseased cells and sees the cancer cells gradually dying and his blood carry away the dead cells Both the medical therapy and the patient s positive attitude fight the disease Doctors are not certain why this mental therapy works However this use of psychology does help some patients because their attitudes about themselves change They become more confident because they use the power within their own minds to help stop the disease Another application of using the mind to help cure disease is the use of suggestion therapy At first the doctor helps the patient to concentrate deeply 用心 爱心 专心 6 The patient thinks only about one thing He becomes so unaware of other things around him that he is asleep or rather in a trance 催眠状态 Then the physician makes a suggestion to the patient about the medical problem The patient s mind responds to the suggestion even after the patient is no longer in the trance In this way the patient uses his mind to help his body respond to treatment Doctors have learned that this use of psychology is helpful for both adults and children For example physicians have used suggestion to help adults deal with the strong pain of some disease Furthermore sometimes the adult patient worries about her illness so much that the anxiety keeps her from getting well The right suggestions may help the patient to stop being anxious Such treatment may help the patient with a chronic 慢性的 diseases Asthma 哮喘 is an example of a chronic disorder Asthma is a disease that causes the patient to have difficulty in breathing The patient starts to cough and sometimes has to fight to get the air that he or she needs Psychology can help relieve the symptoms of this disorder After suggestion therapy the asthma patient breathes more easily Physicians have learned that the psychological method is very useful in treating children Children respond quickly to the treatment because they are fascinated by it For example Dr Basil R Collison has worked with 121 asthmatic children in Sydney Australia and had good results Twenty five of the children had Excellent results They were able to breathe more easily and they did not need medication Another forty three were also helped The symptoms of the asthma occurred less frequently and when they did they were not as strong Most of the children also felt better about themselves Doctors have also used suggestion to change habits like nail biting thumb sucking and sleep related problems Many professional medical groups have accepted the medical use of psychology and that psychology has important applications in medicine 15 Wha