福建省2012届高考英语一轮复习 语法部分 第10讲 名词性从句精品学案 新人教版

用心 爱心 专心 1 第第 1010 讲讲 名词性从句名词性从句 定义 一个句子在另一个句子中充当主语 宾语 表语 同位语 相当于名词 故称为名 词性从句 四大从句 名词性从句分为主语从句 宾语从句 表语从句和同位语从句 一 主语从句 一个句子在另一个句子中充当主语 即句子充当主语 该句子称为主语从句 完成例句 根据句意选词填空 that if whether why when what 1 That he will succeed is certain 2 Whether he will go there is not known 3 What he said is not true 4 When the meeting will be held has not been decided yet 结论 that 从句 从句为一个句意完整的陈述句 没有具体意义 不充当句子成分 只起标志性作用 但 that 不能省略 whether 从句 从句来源于一般疑问句 whether 不能省略 意为 是否 不能 用 if 替换 特殊疑问词 从句 从句来源于特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词不能省略 意思为特殊疑 问词本来的意思 在从句中充当句子成分 疑难 1 Who he is is none of my business 疑难剖析 1 任何从句要用陈述句语序 即主谓语序 疑难 2 That he likes English is known to us all What he said at the meeting made me sad 疑难剖析 2 主句时态为过去时 从句时态为过去的某一时态 主句时态为现在时或将来 时 从句时态视具体情况而定 疑难 3 That 2010 Asian Games are successful is known to all 疑难剖析 3 单个句子作主语 视为单数 疑难 3 It is a pity that you didn t go to see the film 用心 爱心 专心 2 It doesn t interest me whether you succeed or not It is in the morning that the murder took place It is John that broke the window 疑难剖析 3 1 主语从句通常由 it 充当形式主语 而本身放在句子末尾 2 it 作形式主语和 it 引导强调句的比较 it 作形式主语代替主语从句 主要是为了平衡句子结构 主语从句的连接词没有变化 而 it 引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调 无论强调的是什么成分 都可用连词 that 被强调部分指人时也可用 who whom 3 用 it 作形式主语的常用结构 It is 名词 从句 It is a fact that 事实是 It is an honor that 非常荣幸 It is common knowledge that 是常识 It is 形容词 从句 It is natural that 很自然 It is strange that 奇怪的是 It is 不及物动词 从句 It seems that 似乎 It happened that 碰巧 It appears that 似乎 It 过去分词 从句 It is reported that 据报道 It has been proved that 已证实 It is said that 据说 疑难 5 It is said that Chairman Hu will visit our school next week That Chairman Hu will visit our school next week is said 疑难剖析 5 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况 1 if 引导的主语从句不可位于复合句句首 2 It is said reported 结构中的主语从句不可提前 3 It happens occurs 结构中的主语从句不可提前 用心 爱心 专心 3 It occurred to him that he failed in the examination That he failed in the examination occurred to him 4 It doesn t matter how whether 结构中的主语从句不可提前 It doesn t matter whether he is wrong or not Whether he is wrong or not doesn t matter 5 含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时 主语从句不可提前 Is it likely that it will rain in the evening Is that will rain in the evening likely 疑难 6 what 与 that 在引导主语从句时的区别 What you said yesterday is right That she is still alive is a consolation 疑难剖析 6 what 引导主语从句时在从句中充当主语 宾语或表语 而 that 则不充当任 何成分 二 宾语从句 在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句是宾语从句 通常放在主句谓语动词 及物动词 或 介词之后 完成例句 根据句意选词填空 that if whether where what who 5 I heard that he joined the army 6 She did not know what had happened I wonder whether you can change this note for me 7 She told me that she would accept my invitation 结论 9 由 that 引导的宾语从句 that 通常可以省略 that 在从句中不充当任何成分 由 what 引导的宾语从句 what 在从句中充当主语 宾语或表语 whether if 引导的宾语从句 在从句中不充当任何成分 只起连接作用 意为 是 否 疑难 1 引导宾语从句时 if 和 whether 的区别 I asked her if whether she had a bike 用心 爱心 专心 4 They discussed whether they will go back right now We re worried about whether he is safe I don t know whether or not he will come I don t know whether to go 疑难剖析 1 引导宾语从句时用 if 和 whether 都可以 但有只用 whether 的特殊情况 动 词 discuss 后 介词后 whether 与 or not 连用时 whether to do 疑难 2 I am afraid that I ve made a mistake 疑难剖析 2 作形容词的宾语时 可以省略 that 注意 下列形容词后常跟 that 引导的从句作宾语 anxious aware certain confident convinced determined glad proud surprised worried sorry thankful ashamed disappointed annoyed pleased hurt satisfied content 等 有时也将此类词后的 that 从句看作原因状语从句 疑难 3 We heard it that she would get married next month 疑难剖析 3 it 不仅可以作为形式主语 还可以作为形式宾语 而真正的宾语 that 从句 则放在句尾 特别是在带复合宾语的句子中 疑难 4 I admire their winning the match I admire that they won the match 疑难剖析 4 后边不能直接跟 that 从句的动词有 allow refuse let like cause force admire condemn celebrate dislike love help take forgive 等 这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语 但不可 以用 that 引导的宾语从句 疑难 5 He impressed the manager as an honest man He impressed the manager that he was an honest man 疑难剖析 5 有些动词不可用于 动词 间接宾语 that 从句 结构中 这类动词常见 的有 envy order accuse refuse impress forgive blame denounce advise congratu late 等 疑难 6 我认为这件衣服不适合你穿 I don t think this dress fits you well 疑难剖析 6 否定的转移 若主句谓语动词为 think consider suppose believe 用心 爱心 专心 5 expect fancy guess imagine 等 其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义 一般要把否定词转 移到主句谓语上 从句谓语用肯定式 三 表语从句 在复合句中作表语的名词性从句为表语从句 一般结构是 主语 连系动词 表语从 句 完成例句 根据句意填空 8 The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time 9 This is why we can t get the support of the people 10 But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes 11 The reason he is late for school is that he missed the early bus 结论 1 完整陈述句充当表语时用 that 引导 且不可省略 表 是否 含义时用 whether 语义不完整时根据情况选用对应的特殊疑问词 如 what when where why 等 两种特殊句型 the reason is that 和 It is because 等结构 四 同位语从句 在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句为同位语从句 完成例句 根据句意选词填空 12 The king s decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people 13 The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general 结论 同位语从句对名词作进一步解释 说明名词的具体内容 一般由 that 引导 可以 接同位语从句的名词主要有 fact information problem decision suggestion proposal order 等 疑难 1 同位语在句子中的位置 He got the news from Mary than the sports meeting was put off 用心 爱心 专心 6 疑难剖析 1 同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面 而是被别的词隔开 疑难 2 同位语从句与定语从句的区别 The news that he told me is that Tom would