医学SCI论文结构化写作

医学SCI论文结构化写作,报告内容,结构化写作,好文章三要素,常见问题,SCI“Stupid Chinese Idea”,提出假说实验设计 + 预实验全面展开实验结果分析论文写作与修改送出发表补充实验和回答审稿人的问题,好文章，三要素,一篇SCI学术论文的“生产”过程：,第一阶段,第二阶段,第三阶段,好主意（Good idea）,有逻辑（Logic structure),数据精美（Beautiful data),严谨规范（Preciseness and standard）,结构化写作（Structured writing),漫长等待（waiting),接收（Oh, my god!）,结构化写作,医学学术论文主要类型：,Original article 论著 Basic Science 基础研究 Diet and Gastrointestinal BypassInduced Weight Loss: The Roles of Ghrelin and Peptide YY Clinical Studies 临床研究 Intensive Diabetes Treatment and Cardiovascular Disease in Patients with Type 1 DiabetesSurvey 调查报告Case report 病例报道Review article 综述Short communications 短篇报道Letter 给期刊的一封信,结构化写作,医学学术论文主要类型：,医学基础研究报告多侧重于病因、病理、生理、生化、药理、微生物等方面，例如选择各种动物进行药理、毒理实验，手术试验，某种疾病的病原或病因的体外实验等;临床研究报告则对临床上某种疾病的发病因素、临床表现、治疗方法和疗效等进行分析讨论，提出新的意见和建议，以总结经验教训，提高疗效。,结构化写作,SCI文章基本结构： 题目、作者和工作单位、摘要、关键词、前言、方法、结果（图表）、讨论（与结论）、参考文献、致谢建议写作顺序： 方法、结果（表格、图片）引言（讨论）讨论（引言） 题目、摘要、关键词全文检查,结构化写作 题目,作用：反映论文的主题或主要信息以吸引读者。几点写作原则：一般不要太长，排版后不超过2行，25个单词；可以不是完整的句子；反映文章的主要研究结论或研究内容；最好反映文章的特色，如试验类型等；最好反映研究对象，如物种等；,结构化写作 题目,应以最少数量的单词来充分表述论文的内容SCI论文题名中可以省略的词： Analysis of, Development of, Evaluation of, Experimental, Investigation of (on), Observations on, On the, Regarding, Report of (on), Research on, Review of, Studies of (on), The preparation of, The synthesis of, The nature of, Treatment of, Use of, 等。用词十分准确、精练： 如三五个基因检测，不能说gene expression profile, profile是大的概念，高通量。,结构化写作 题目,不理想题目举例信息不明确60例胃癌患者手术前后血清肿瘤M2型丙酮酸激酶的测定及其临床价值；PTEN及PCNA在胃癌中的表达及其意义；胃部分切除手术（PPG）对早期胃癌的临床疗效观察；紫杉醇联合顺铂治疗复发转移乳腺癌的临床疗效；肺癌癌性胸腔积液疗效的相关影响因素分析；多西紫杉醇在局部晚期鼻咽癌同期放化疗中的临床应用研究；甲状腺乳头状微小癌中央组淋巴结清扫的临床意义。,结构化写作 摘要,摘要是文章的“敲门砖”论文摘要的质量影响编辑的判断和审稿人的印象几点写作原则：200/250字以内；一段式结构独立成文；无引文；四要素结构式：Objective/Background/Aim：一两句话说明研究目的，研究背景可介绍可不介绍；Methods：研究对象、分组处理、检测方法和指标；Results：主要结果，包括关键数据和统计学结果；Conclusion：两三句话给出文章的主要结论；* 注意研究方法和研究结果的一致性。,结构化写作 摘要,Background This study aimed to determine the involvement of long non-coding RNA PVT1 in the progression of cardiac hypertrophy. Methods A C57BL/6 mouse cardiac hypertrophic model was established using transverse aortic constriction (TAC) operation. Expression level of PVT1 was analyzed using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and outcome indicators for cardiac hypertrophy were detected by echocardiography analysis after TAC operation at 4 weeks. To further investigate the roles of PVT1 in cardiac hypertrophy, PVT1 siRNA (siPVT1) was transfected into cultured neonatal mouse cardiac cardiomyocytes which was subjected to 1 M angiotensin II (Ang II) stimulation for 24 h. Cell size was calculated by measuring cell surface area and total protein content was analyzed by Bradford assay. Moreover, the expression levels of hypertrophic markers, including atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and beta-myosin heavy chain (-MHC), were also quantified using qRT-PCR. Results Compared with the sham-operated group, PVT1 was up-regulated by 2.5-fold (p 0.05) in hypertrophic hearts after TAC operation at 4 weeks. SiPVT1 transfection caused significant decrease (p 0.05) of Ang II-induced enlarged cell size by 5.6-fold and increased total protein content by 23.0%. Moreover, siRNA transfection dramatically (p 0.05) attenuated Ang II-induced up-regulation of ANP and -MHC by 40.9% and 41.5%, respectively, but had no effect on BNP expression. Conclusions Our results demonstrated that PVT1 was essential for the maintenance of cell size of cardiomyocytes, which might play a role in the regulation of Ang II-induced cardiomyocytes hypertrophy.,Angiotensin II-induced cardiomyocytes hypertrophy is positively regulated by long non-coding RNA PVT1,结构化写作 关键词,恰当的关键词对于索引非常重要，通过关键词可以非常容易地搜索和判定文章的内容。几点写作原则：一般列出3-6个；关键词通常避免与文章题目内容重复；避免不常见的缩写。,Keywords: Cardiac hypertrophy; PVT1; long non-coding RNA; cardiomyocytes; transverse aortic constriction,结构化写作 前言,理想的introduction应具备：鲜明的层次感和极强的逻辑性。,研究背景,前人工作,存在问题,本文贡献,为什么要做？这个疾病太常见了、太难诊断了、太难治疗了。,别人已经做了哪些工作？,还有什么问题没有解决？研究局限性。,自己准备做什么？,结构化写作 前言,几点写作原则：开门见山；言简意赅，突出重点。避免发表大幅评论；参考文献一定要有最新的；文献的引用和数据的提供一定要准确，不能断章取义；避免过多引用自己或同事的论著，或者一味引用只对自己的研究结果有利的论著，而忽视观点对立的研究或论著；文章的摊子不要铺的太大，要抓住一点进行深入的阐述。创新性描述的越多越大，越容易被审稿人抓住把柄；切忌使用“有很高的学术价值”，“首次发现”等之类的词语；在引言中提出的问题在结论中应有解答，但也应避免引言与结论雷同。,结构化写作 前言,Heart failure is still one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in the world, even if there has been great improvement in heart disease treatment 1. The most common form of heart failure usually presents with abnormal systolic function that is associated with cardiac hypertrophy 2. Cardiac hypertrophy is characterized by the enlargement of cardiomyocytes, which is an independent and major risk factor for cardiovascular disease 3, 4. Great advances have been made in the identification of genes and signaling pathways involved in cardiac hypertrophy for developing therapeutic methods 5, 6. However, despite the considerable efforts, the molecular mechanisms underlying cardiac hypertrophy remain incompletely understood.,四段论之一：研究背景,四段论之二：前人工作,Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), a group of non-coding RNAs longer than 200 nucleotides in length, are previously thought to represent random transcriptional noise. However, lncRNAs have been demonstrated to implicate in disease progression via regulating gene expression7. Moreover, a number of lncRNAs have been associated with cardiovascular system and heart failure 8-11. Han et al. have demonstrated that lncRNAs Myheart can protect hearts from pathological hypertrophy 12. In addition, 2900055J20Rik 13 and CHRF 14 have also been identified to be involved in regulation of cardiac hypertrophy. These findings motivate further investigation of the value of lncRNAs in the cardiac hypertrophy.,结构化写作 前言,四段论之二：前人工作,The plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (PVT1) gene is originally identified as a transcriptional unit from a human homologous sequence to Pvt1 on chromosome 8q24 15. PVT1 encodes a number of spliced non-coding transcripts and a group of six annotated microRNAs including miR-1204, -1205, -1206, 1207-5p, 1207-3p and -1208 16. PVT1 might exert its regulatory effects in various cancers as a lncRNA 17. As previously reported, amplified and overexpressed PVT1 can increase cell proliferation and inhibit apoptosis, which thus contribute to breast cancer pathogenesis 18. Similarly in colorectal cancer, PVT1 generates anti-apoptotic activity and is a prognostic indicator for patients 19.,四段论之三：提出问题,Thus, PVT1 might be involved in the regulation of cardiac hypertrophy. Although several previous reports have identified the functional roles of PVT1 implicated in the pathogenesis of the human diseases mentioned above, the role of this gene in the development of cardiac hypertrophy is not yet known.,四段论之三：本文贡献,To shed light on potential effects of PVT1 on hypertrophy, we firstly analyzed its expression levels in hearts of hypertrophy model mice subjected to transverse aortic constriction (TAC) operation. Furthermore, with small interference RNA (siRNA) approach, we demonstrated an essential role of PVT1 in the regulation of angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced increase of cardiomyocytes size.,结构化写作 材料与方法,方法学写作要求：简洁、完整性、科学性1）实验对象患者：通过伦理委员会批准；临床研究有病人知情同意书；描述受试者的数量、来源（年龄、性别和其他重要特征一般作为结果的第一部分介绍）；说明病例的纳入和排除标准、诊断标准。实验动物：动物实验符合本大学/医院的动物管理委员会批准；动物的名称、种系、等级、数量、来源、性别、年龄、体重、饲养条件和健康状况等。组织、细胞来源、保存条件、培养方法,结构化写作 材料与方法,方法学写作要求：简洁、完整性、科学性2）实验设计手术方法，最好有手术流程示意图；随访方法、失访者的描述；使用已有的方法，应标明参考文献，做简要说明。如使用的是新的或经过修改的方法，要详细介绍新方法或修改的部分； 第一次描述产品（包括试剂、软件）时，要交代生产厂家和国家名称；注意设计的合理性：如受试对象的代表性、分组方法、诊断方法、观察的指标。3）统计分析若文章涉及统计学方法介绍，一般作为方法部分的最后一段；应简要介绍所采用的统计学软件及版本、采用的分析方法，并注明检验水准。,All values of outcome indicators for cardiac hypertrophy, cell size, total protein content and gene expression levels were presented as means SD. Statistical analyses were performed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed with Tukey post hoc test provided by SPSS 16.0. A value of p 0.05 was considered statistically significant. All graphs were made by GraphPad Prism 5.0.,结构化写作 结果,几点写作原则：结果翔实、描述准确、层次鲜明；结果描述要写出具体的数值；采用清晰的图表和合理的文字说明； 表、图、文字内容不应重复。一般可以采用四段论模式：为了研究XXXX，采用XXXX方法，得出XXXX结果，表明了XXXX（图表）。重点是发现的结果，其它只能一句话。,结构化写作 结果,To confirm the previous apoptosis results, we performed parallel experiments using pHR-VPR-R and staining for caspase activity with FITC-VAD-FMK (Figure 2D) and by measuring poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) cleavage (Figure 2E). Analysis of Vpr expression by Western blot revealed that thymidine treatment did not affect expression of Vpr (Figure 2F). These results are in agreement with those obtained by DAPI staining and confirm that synchronization of cells in G1/S alleviates Vpr-induced apoptosis.,结构化写作 图表,表格直观明了，在不看正文的情况下也可以理解表格内容；大多数期刊要求三线表格式；表格列数较多时，可将相应页面改为横向；涉及统计学差异要用符号或字母标识，并显示统计学差异的结果（P值或其他）；测量指标要注明单位；表注位于表格下方，注明缩写的全称、统计学方法和符号等；顺序引用，在文中正确位置引用，确保每个表格都有引用；引用别人的表格，需要取得原作者和作者同意，并致谢。,结构化写作 图表,结构化写作 图表,图片格式：每个杂志要求不同。TIFF或PDF格式等；质量：分辨率；要清晰，要选择能反映实验结果的典型图片；说明同一实验结果的图片应整合为一张图；涉及统计学差异要用符号或字母标识；用箭头等标记指示差异，使读者更易理解；显微照片要有标尺；图注要清楚，如染色方法、缩写以及采用的统计学方法和各标识；顺序引用，在文中正确位置引用，确保每个表格都有引用。,结构化写作 讨论,第一段研究背景回顾+总结本文结果,中间几段分析本研究主要结果,Limitation指出本研究不足之处,指出本研究的重要结果和新发现；简洁，避免与前言、结果部分重复。,要把本结果和国内外其他相关结果进行分析，指出和其它研究的异同及原因；选择合适的结果在讨论部分中进行深入的讨论，导致这些结果的可能机理或解释；体现创新性，不要简单重复前言和结果 。,要指出本研究的不足，但强调文章的研究结果是有意义的，针对不足做出展望。,几点写作原则：不是所有的结果都要讨论；要客观，不夸大；避免没有资料充分证明的陈述和结论。,结构化写作 讨论,Previous reports have shown that lncRNAs are involved in the pathological processes of cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure 8, 11, 13, 14. In present study, we firstly demonstrated that lncRNA PVT1 might have an essential role in cell size maintenance of cardiomyocytes during hypertrophy. First, we observed that PVT1 was up-regulated about 2.5-fold after TAC at 4 weeks. Then by using siRNA approaches in cultured cardiomyocytes, we further demonstrated that down-regulation of PVT1 in cardiomyocytes could attenuate the Ang II-induced increase of cell size, total protein contents as well as expression levels of ANP and -MHC.,PVT1 is a lncRNA (1.9 kb) that encodes a number of alternative transcripts 26. Although there are a few reports showing that PVT1 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of many human diseases 17, 18, 27, it is not yet clear whether PVT1 is involved in the regulation of cardiac hypertrophy. Previous study has demonstrated that Ang II treatment can induce cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure via affecting mitochondrial oxidative stress 29. Cell enlargement, a feature of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, is associated with heart systolic dysfunction and heart failure 30. Total protein content of cardiac muscle cells usually increases significantly in cardiacmyocyte hypertrophy 31. Herein, we observed an enlarged cell size and increased total protein content in Ang II-treated cardiomyocytes, implying an successful establishment of cardiacmyocyte hypertrophy in vitro. At the same time, PVT1 knockdown could significan