辽宁省营口市2014高考英语 阅读理解、短文填单词类训练题（4） (2)

1 辽宁营口市辽宁营口市 20142014 高考英语阅读理解 短文填单词类训练题 高考英语阅读理解 短文填单词类训练题 4 4 及答 及答 案案 阅读理解 专题训练 一 阅读中的猜词技巧 5 对比法 方法点拨 有的文章作者为了增强表达效果 会用一对反义词揭示事物的不同点 形成鲜明的对比 这时只要把握其中的一词 就不难推出另一词的含义 有时根据上下句之间表示转折或对比 关系的连接词 就可以看到前后句在意义上的差别 从而依据某一句的含义 来确定另一句 的含义 这种句子多半有 unlike although but yet while on the contrary on the other hand instead of rather than 等信息词 另外 分号也可以表示转折 对比的意 义 如 1 Is he intelligent or stupid 2 Unlike his brother who is truly a handsome person Hogertty is quite homely 1 解析 根据 stupid 可推断出 intelligent 的意思为 聪明的 答案 聪明的 2 解析 此句中的 unlike 一词暗示了 Hogertty 和他的兄弟的长相不同 他的兄弟是 个 handsome 英俊的 人 所以 Hogertty 一定是一个 homely 不英俊 的人 答案 不英俊的 活学活用 一 利用上述猜测词义方法 猜出下列各句划线部分的意思 1 Unlike the Unite States where many different nationalities make up the population Japan s population is quite homogeneous 2 Any fool can make soap but it takes a genius to sell it 3 Andrew is one of the most supercilious man I know His brother in contrast is quite humble and modest 4 A good supervisor can recognize instantly the adept workers from the unskilled ones 5 Mother was tall fat and middle aged The principal of the school was an 2 older woman almost as plump as mother and much shorter A healthy B thin C slim D fat 一 1 解析 与 many different nationalities 相反 故为 单一民族的 答案 单一民族的 2 解析 由 but 可知 genius 是与 fool 蠢才 相对的 由此推测其意为 有才能的人 天才 答案 有才能的人 天才 3 解析 in contrast 提醒我们 supercilious 与 humble and modest 是对比关系 由 此可以猜出其意义 答案 目空一切 傲慢的 4 解析 通读全句不难看出 说话者是把熟练工人与非熟练工人进行对比 由此可知 adept 的词义是 熟练的 答案 熟练的 5 解析 作者把学校的校长和他的母亲相比 其中 older 对应 middle aged shorter 对应 tall 所以 plump 对应 fat 答案 D 结束 It s an endless cultural lesson that s been craved into our heads since we were children watching cartoons such as The Flintstones 摩登原始人 and playing with Barbie dolls If you are a woman you should be extremely thin if you are a man you should be big and strong And while we ve grown accustomed to research finding that such stereotypes 固有观点 play a part in the workplace obese women for example have a harder time climbing up the career stairway a recent study has found that a worker s body size can have a big effect on the size of his or her pay envelope The study found that obese people were identified as undisciplined 3 dishonest and less likely to do creative work On the contrary the researchers point out that employers and fellow employees associate values of self discipline hard work and confidence with thin people Experts say it s just another sign that as a society we ve fixed into our heads the unrealistic media driven physical ideals that show up in the workplace and therefore the wallet The researchers say that employers don t purposely think of these things when they re evaluating a person Much of the problem is the result of unconscious decisions based on deep rooted social stereotypes It s no secret that the mass media have much to do with what decides the image our society finds pleasing and acceptable TV shows such as Mad Men and NCIS present powerful men with a very cool look Cougar Town on the other hand celebrates skinny career woman Jules Cobb a successful businessman who claims she s never eaten real ice cream because she s so concerned about her weight The researchers suggest that employers look at their assumptions about employees weight because they may be rooted in discrimination An employment lawyer Marshall Tanick will be leading a conference this spring on how weight and attractiveness relate to unfair treatment especially salaries in the workplace Nationally there have been few claims the lawyer said Some cases have simply not been very solid he said and some employees have been too embarrassed to follow through with a case In addition discrimination cases are generally tough to win because so much is subjective That would be an uphill battle he said 72 According to the body size stereotypes we can infer that A an extremely thin woman is unacceptable B an obese person tends to be hard working C an attractive person tends to get higher salary 4 D a strong man is suitable for tough work 73 We can conclude from the passage that the body size stereotypes A are formed through constant influence of media B have become quite unacceptable to people C result from people s unconscious responses D are playing an important role in people s daily life 74 The lawyer said the underlined words at the end of the passage because A people are unaware of the size discrimination B stereotypes influence people s judgment in size discrimination cases C the employers wouldn t abandon their unfair treatment D evidences are hard to obtain in a size discrimination case 75 What s the best possible title for the passage A An Unwinning Uphill Battle B When it comes to salary body size matters C Say No to Size Discrimination D How Social Stereotypes make a difference to us 结束 A Millions of girls grow up with the hope of becoming a famous singer Some even win local talent competitions as children but only a few such early successes and dreams turn into reality Jessica Andrews is one of the few whose dreams have come true Andrews first taste of success came at the age of 10 She won a talent competition in her home town of Huntingdon Tennessee singing I Will Always Love You originally sung by Whitney Houston Houston s version of the song 5 appeared on The Bodyguard sound track which happened to be the first album Andrews ever bought Within two years talk of Andrews had spread to Nashville and caught the attention of producer Byron Gallimore whose credits include work with Tim McGraw Faith Hill and Jo Dee Messina With Gallimore signed on to produce Andrews soon had a recording contract 合同 with Dream Works Nashville label Andrews professional career was launched with 1999 s Heart Shaped World recorded when she was 14 years old The album included the country hit I Will Be There For You which also appeared on The Prince Of Egypt She followed up the release of the album by touring as a support act for such country superstars as Faith Hill and Trisha Yearwood With the release of 2001 s Who I Am Andrews became a star in her own right The album was certified 证明 gold for sales of 500 000 copies Andrews returned in April 2003 with Now an album that she promised would show a new side of the young artist This album has a very different feeling for me she said It s a lot more personal and there s a confidence that wasn t quite there on the first two I feel especially connected to this group of songs 56 What s the meaning of the underlined word launched in the fourth paragraph A Aimed B Sent C Started D Set 57 Which of the following statements is WRONG according to the passage A The Bodyguard was the first album Andrews ever bought B After Andrews sang Who I Am she became a star in her own right C I Will Always Love You was originally sung by Whitney Houston D Now expresses a new feeling of Andrews 58 Which of the following may NOT be Andrews album A Now B Heart Shaped World C The Prince of Egypt D Who I Am 59 Which of the following is the best title of the passage 6 A Jessica Andrews Life B Jessica Andrews Dream C Jessica Andrews Songs D Jessica Andrews Success as a Singer 参考答案 56 59 CBCD 结束 阅读文章 5 An altimeter 测高计 is an instrument used in an airplane to tell the pilot how high he is flying The altimeter used in most airplanes is a kind of barometer 气压计 which like barometers found in ordinary homes is a measuring instrument for air pressure The weight of the atmosphere presses downwards everywhere At sea level this pressure is more than 14 pounds on every square inch of the surface The higher you go into the air the lower the air pressure is An altimeter measures this air pressure to show the altitude of the airplane or how high it is above the sea level But the altimeter does not show how high the plane is above the ground A plane might be flying at an altitude of 15 000 feet but it would be only a thousand feet or so above the ground if the land in that area happened to be 14 000 feet above sea level The pilot adjusts his altimeter to the actual sea level pressure before setting out from the airport and then corrects it in flight according to new information given to him by radio He flies high enough to be above any mountain he may pass on his course The barometer altimeter is correct within about 300 feet Another kind of altimeter the radio altimeter makes use of radio reflections It calculates the height of the flying plane by sending out electrical signals to the surface below and measuring the time required for them to bounce back 反弹 It is correct within 15 feet over water but is not reliable over land Big planes usually have both kinds of altimeter Title 1 7 2 An instrument used in an airplane to tell the pilot 3 of the craft 4 5 The radio altimeter How it works By 6 to show the altitude of the airplane or the height above sea level By giving out 7 to the surface below and measuring the time required for to bounce back How to 8 Adjust it to the actual sea level pressure before the plane 9 Correct it in flight according to new information RequirementsWithin 10 Within 15 feet over water 参考答案 5 1 An The altimeter Altimeters 2 Definition 3 the altitude 4 Types Kinds 5 The barometer altimeter 6 measuring air pressure 7 electrical signals 8 operate 9 takes off leaves the airport 10 about 300 feet 结束 阅读文章简答题阅读文章简答题 二 Bill Gates was born on October 28th 1955 He and his two sisters grew up in Seattle Their father William H Gates was a Seattle lawyer Mary Gates their late mother was a school teacher Gates attended public elementary school before moving on to the private Lakeside School in North Seattle It was at Lakeside that Gates began his career in personal computer software programming computers at age 13 In 1973 Gates entered Harvard University as a freshman where he lived down the hall from Steve Ballmer who is now Microsoft s president While at 8 Harvard Gates developed a version 版本 of the programming language BASIC for the first microcomputer the MITS Astair In his junior year Gates dropped out of Harvard to devote his energies full time to Microsoft a company he had started in 1975 with his boyhood friend Paul Allen Guided by a beli