高中英语 Module 4《Sandstorms in Asia-Grammar》学案2 外研版必修3

1 ModuleModule 4 Sandstorms4 Sandstorms inin Asia Asia 语法 不定式 审核人 设计时间 授课时间 学生姓名 学习重点 不定式 学习重点 不定式用法 学习过程 一一 基本形式基本形式 二二 时态时态 语态语态 主动语态被动语态 一般式 完成式 进行式 完成进行式 1 1 语语态态 如果动词不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者 不定式一般要用 被动语态形式 如 It s a great honour to be invited to Mary s birthday party 不定式作 主语 It was impossible for lost time to be made up 不定式作主语 I wish to be sent to work in the country 不定式作宾语 Can you tell me which is the car to be repaired 不定式作定语 He went to the hospital to be examined 不定式作状语 在 There be 结构中 修饰主语的不定式可用被动 也可用主动 如 There are still many things to t ake care of to be taken care of 但有时两种形 式表达的意思不同 如 These is nothing to do now We have nothing to do now There is nothing to be done now We can do nothing now 2 2 时时态态 1 现在时 He seems to know this I hope to see you again I hope that I ll see you again 我希望再见 到你 2 完成时 I m sorry to have given you so much trouble He seems to have caught a cold 3 进行时 表示动作正在进行 与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生 He seems to be eating something 4 完成进行时 She is known to have been working on the problem for many years 三三 成分 成分 2 1 1 作 谓语动词用 表 1 把不定式置于句首 eg To study with you is my pleasure 2 用 it 作形式主语 把真正的主语不定式置于句后 常用于下列句式中 如 It s our duty to take good care of the old How long did it take you to finish the work 常用的 adj 有 It is difficult for us to finish writing the compositionin a quarter of an hour 常用的 adj 有 等表示赞扬或批评的词 It is stupid of you to write down everything the teachersays 在不定式前的 sb 可看作其逻辑主语 这一句式有时相当于 如 It skind of you to help me with my English You are kind to helpme with my English It seemed impossible to save money 注注意意 1 1 其他系动词如 look appear 等也可用于此句型 2 2 不定式作为句子成分时 动词用单数形式 3 3 当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时 不能用It is to 的句型 对 To see is to believe 百闻不如一见 错 It is to believe to see 2 2 作 即 v to do 此类动词有 eg The driver failed to see the other car in time I happen to know the answer to your question 3 3 作 即 v sb to do 此类动词 eg a Father will not allow us to play on the street b We believe him to be guilty 4 4 作 表示 3 To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people My chief purpose is to point out the difficulties ofthe matter What I would suggest is to put off the meeting 当主语和表语都是不定式时 其含义一是条件 一是结果 例 当主语是 aim duty hope idea mista ke plan purpose suggestion 等为中心词的名词词组 例 时 或以 what 引导的名词性分句 例 不定 式说明主语的内容 Our work is serving the people What he likes is taking a walk after supper The story told by Mr Wang is interesting 句动名词作表语 与主语部分可以转换 如Serving thepeople is our work 而 句中是现在分词作 表语 说明主语的性质 状态 现在分词具有形容词的 各种特征 另外 动名词作表语还应与进行时态区别开 来 5 作 1 作 To only to 仅仅为了 in order to so as to so such as to 如此 以便 He ran so fast as to catch the first bus I come here only to say good bye to you 2 作 表事先没有预料到的 要放在句子后面 What have I said to make you angry He searched the room only to find nothing 3 作 I m glad to see you 省省 t to o 的的动动词词不不定定式式 1 情态动词 除 ought 外 ought to 2 使役动词 1 2 3 3 感官动词 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 等后作宾补 省 略 to 注注意意 I saw him dance He was seen to dance The boss made them work the whole night They were made to work the whole night 4 表示个人意愿或倾向的 would rather had better might just as well rather than 置于句首时 Rather than ride on a crowded bus he always prefers to ride a bike 5 Why why not 6 help 可带 to 也可不带 to help sb to do sth 7 but 和 except He wants to do nothing but go out He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine 8 当两个或多个不定时短语由连词and but 或 or 连接时 后一个或几个不定 式符号 to 常省略 但若表示对比 对照关系时 则不能省略 He wants to move to France and marry the girl 4 The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier not to make it more difficult 9 通常在 等词后 可以省去 to be He is supposed to be nice 他应该是个好人 10 不定式做表语时 一般要带to 但若主语部分中含有 do 的各种形式时 符 号 to 可省去 We ve missed the last bus All we could do now is walk home 动动词词不不定定式式的的否否定定式式 Tell him not to shut the window She pretended not to see me when I passed by 我走过的时候 她假装没看 见 练习练习 1 This company was the first portable radios as well as cassette tape recorders in the world A producing B to produce C having produced D produced 2 The purpose of new technology is to make life easier it more difficult A not making B not make C not to make D nor to make 3 Helen had to shout above the sound of the music A making herself hear B to make herself hear C making herself heard D to make herself heard 4 I don t know whether you happen but I am going to study in the U S A this September A to be heard B to be bearing C to hear D to have heard 5 The news reporters hurried to the airport only the film stars had left A to tell B to be told C telling D told 6 You were silly not your car A to lock B to have locked C locking D having locked 7 The teacher asked us so much noise A don t make B not make C not making D not to make 8 An army spokesman stressed that all the soldiers had been ordered clear warnings before firing any shots A to issue B being issued C to have issued D to be issued 9 I d rather have a room of my own however small it is than a room with someone else A to share B to have shared C share D sharing 10 The bank is reported in the local newspaper in broad daylight yesterday A robbed B to have been robbed C being robbed D having been robbed 11 A number of paintings in the castle are believed in a fire A being destroyed B having been destroyed C to be destroyed D to have been destroyed 5 12 The meeting next week is sure to be a great success A to take place B to be taken place C to have taken place D being taken place 13 As a result of my laziness I failed my work in time A and finished B to finish C and finishing D to finished 14 I am sorry written you a letter at the time A to have not B to not have C not to have D not having 15 Will you lend him a magazine A to be read B for reading C to read D h