高中英语 Module 6 The World’s Cultural Heritage-Period 3练习 外研版选修7

1 ModuleModule 6 6 TheThe World sWorld s CulturalCultural HeritageHeritage PeriodPeriod 3 3 GrammarGrammar SubjunctiveSubjunctive GoalsGoals To master the usage of the subjunctive mood To consolidate by practising Procedures Procedures StepStep 1 1 SubjunctiveSubjunctive 1 1 虚拟语气虚拟语气 英语中动词一般有三种不同的语气 陈述语气 祈使语气和虚拟语气 不同的语气用不同的形式来表示 陈述语气 陈述语气 用来陈述事实 描述状态 有肯定 否定 疑问 或感叹等形式 如 People don t hibernate Are you listening to the radio 祈使语气祈使语气 用来表示请求 命令 建议或劝告等 如 Sit down please Let me have a try 虚拟语气 虚拟语气 表示说的话不是事实 或者是不可能发生的情况 而是一种愿望 建议或与事实相反的假设 一般用于正式的书面语 2 2 虚拟语气的用法 虚拟语气的用法 1 1 虚拟语气在条件句中的用法 虚拟语气在条件句中的用法 1 表示与现在事实相反 谓语动词的主要形式如下 非真实条件句主句 动词的过去式 be 的过去式用 were would should could might 动词原形 We would go with you if we had time If I were you I would consider their plan If I knew this telephone number I would ring him up 注意 should 多用于第一人称后 在非正式场合中 特别是在口语中 第一 二人称中单数现在用 was 的也不少 If he was here we could ask him 2 表示和过去事实相反 谓语动词的主要形式如下 If he had seen you yesterday he would have asked you about it If you had come earlier you might have met him If I had known your telephone number I would have called you If I hadn t taken your advice I would have made a bad mistake You wouldn t have caught a cold if you had put on more clothes 3 表示和将来事实相反 谓语动词的主要形式如下 If it sho uld 非真实条件句主句 had 过去分词 would should could might have done 非真实条件句主句 should were to 动词原形 动词的过去时 would should could might 动词原形 2 rain the crops would be saved If it were to snow tomorrow they wouldn t go out If I were to do it I would do it in a different way If he got there this afternoon he would buy a map of the city If I should be asked were asked were to be asked to go I d certainly go 特别注意 特别注意 1 如非真实条件句的谓语含有系动词 were 或助动词 had 或 should 等词 可将 if 省 略 而把 were had 或 should 放在主语之前 变为虚拟倒装句 这和带有 if 的虚拟条件从句所表示的含义完全 相同 If I were you I would get up early every morning Were I you I would get up early every morning Had you arrived at the station ten minutes earlier yesterday you could have caught the train Should there be a flood what should we do Were they here now they could help us 2 if 虚拟句的省略 Given enough money we could have done it much better 3 有时用介词短语代替虚拟语气的条件句 Fish can t live without water 没有水 鱼就不能活 4 if only 要是 只要 但愿 If only we could see each other once 但愿我们能相见一次 If only I had listened to his advice 我要是听了他的劝告就好了 5 虚拟语气的混合条件句 即条件从句和主句时态不一致 If I had missed said William Tell and had shot too low I was going to use this arrow on you If you had listened to the teacher carefully yesterday you could answer the question now 2 2 虚拟语气在主从复合句中的用法虚拟语气在主从复合句中的用法 I I 虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法 1 wish that 从句 表示的是一种虚拟语气 宾语从句中的动词所表示的动作表示的只是一种不能实现 的愿望 要求 其中谓语动词的形式和对应用法如下表所述 用 法形 式例 句 表示对现在情况的虚拟 wish 从句主语 动词过去式或 were I wish I knew something about programming I wish I were as strong as you 表示对现在进行情况的虚拟 wish 从句主语 were doing I wish I were sleeping I wish it weren t raining 表示对过去情况的虚拟 wish 从句主语 had 过去分词 She said something unpleasant She wishes she hadn t said it I wish he had got there ahead of time 3 表示对将来情况的虚拟 wish 从句主语 would 动词原形 I wish he would get younger and younger I wish he would be more careful 注意 注意 表示对现在情况的虚拟时 从句的时态不根据前面谓语动词的时态变化而变化 而是依据从句的 实际情况 可以表示和现在事实相反 也可以表示和当时事实相反 I wish I knew the answer to the question Yesterday when the teacher asked me the question I couldn t answer it Then I wished I knew the answer 2 在 suggest 建议 demand 要求 order 命令 insist 坚持 request 请求 desire 要求 recommend 建议 推荐 propose 建议 提议 require 要求 等动词后 面的宾语从句中 谓语动词形式通常用动词原形 美通用 或 should 动词原形 英国通用 引导 虚拟语气 其基本句式为 should do 主语 suggest suggested that sb should be done should not do I suggested that we should form a spare time study group I demand that he answer me at once Doctor Li insisted that the patient should stay in bed for two weeks Mr Wang ordered that we should start out immediately 特别注意 特别注意 1 suggest 作 暗示 说明 解时 从句谓语动词用陈述语气 如 His accent suggests that he comes from Shanghai 2 insist 表坚持的是事实时 从句谓语动词用陈述语气 如 He insisted that we should discuss the question at once 虚拟 He insisted that he had finished his homework and handed it in 事实 3 had hoped that 从句 这种句型表示一种过去未实现的愿望 从句谓语动词要用 would 动词原形 如 I had hoped that Jane would become a doctor but she wasn t good enough at science Mike had hoped that his father would answer his letter II II 虚拟语气在其它名词性从句中的用法 虚拟语气在其它名词性从句中的用法 在 It is necessary important strange suggested ordered proposed requested decided a pity 主语从句 的结构中 that 引导的主语从句常用虚拟语气 用 should do 或 should have done 形式 It s necessary that he should go there at once It s strange that she should have failed in the exam It s a great pity that he should be so proud It s requested that Comrade Li should sing a song It s necessary that you should clean the office after work It s very important that we should ask advice of other people about our work It s strange that he should have left without saying goodbye 在 suggestion order plan idea 等后的表语从句 同位语从句用虚拟语气 My suggestion is that we should go there on Sunday 4 My idea is that we should send a comrade to help him His order that we finish the work in half an hour is hard to accept III III 虚拟语气在状语从句中的用法 虚拟语气在状语从句中的用法 1 as if though 引起的状语从句 谓语形式与 wish 后的宾语从句谓语形式相同 The boy talks as if he were a man They talked as if they had been friends for years Xiao Liu speaks English so well as if he had studied English in England He spoke to me loudly as if I were deaf as if 也可引导表语从句 放在 seem look 等系动词后 如果是可以实现的事 也可用陈述语气 It seems as if it were was spring already It looks as if it were going to rain He looks as if he were ill 2 由 in order that so that 引导的状语从句中的谓语动词常用 may might can could 动词原形 来表示虚拟语气 Let s hand in the exercises earlier so that the teacher may have time to correct them I live so that others may live better 自己活着为的是使别人活得更好 She stayed at home for a few days so that she might take care of her mother She took a taxi so that she could get there in time IV IV 使用虚拟语气常见的其它句型使用虚拟语气常见的其它句型 1 would rather 与 had rather 表希望 后跟从句用虚拟语气 一般用动词的过去时态 I would rather you didn t trouble him I would rather we played basketball I would rather you came tomorrow 2 It is was time high time 主语 动词过去式 should 不能省略 动词原形 表示该干什么 了 而没有干 It s time you went to bed It s time she washed that dress I m getting tired it s time we went home 我累了我们该回家了 It s time you should have a class StepStep 2 2 巩固练习巩固练习 1 The manager s suggestion was that the meeting off still next week A be put B to put C should put D be putting 2 Mother suggested that I my homework first before watching TV A did B shall do C do D have done 3 The order came that the medical supplies to the villages struck by the tsunami soon A would be sent B should send C be sent D must be sent 4 They requested that he on the radio A spoke B speaks C speak D would speak 5 It is important that we wild animals A will protect B should protect C shall protect D are protecting 6 He is talking too much about America as if he there A had been B has been C was D were 7 Mother insisted that the child s hands before dinner 5 A should wash B be washed C would wash D had washed 8 Had you listened to the doctor you all right now A are B were C would be D would have been 9 I be free tomorrow I could go with you A Could B Should C Might D Was I 10 You look so tired tonight It s time you A go to sheep B went to bed C go to bed D will go to bed 11 your letter I would have written back two days ago A If I received B Should I receive C Had I received D If I could have received 12 He smiled as if he my thought A had read B was reading C read