高一英语语法：定语从句的用法人教实验版知识精讲

用心 爱心 专心 高一英语语法 定语从句的用法人教实验版高一英语语法 定语从句的用法人教实验版 本讲教育信息本讲教育信息 一 教学内容 语法 定语从句的用法 二 定语从句语法点的讲解 定语从句 Attributive Clauses 在句中做定语 修饰一个名词或代词 被修饰的名词 词组或代词即先行词 定语从句通常出现在先行词之后 由关系词 关系代词或关系副词 引出 关系代词有 who whom whose that which 等 关系副词有 when where why 等 关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词 并在句中充当主语 宾语 定语等 成分 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时 从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致 1 who whom that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词 在从句中所起作用如下 Is he the man who that wants to see you 他就是想见你的人吗 who that 在从句中作主语 He is the man whom that I saw yesterday 他就是我昨天见的那个人 whom that 在从句中作宾语 2 whose 用来指人或物 只用作定语 若指物 它还可以同 of which 互换 例如 They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down 那人车坏了 大家都跑 过去帮忙 Please pass me the book whose of which cover is green 请递给我那本绿皮的书 3 which that 它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词 在从句中可作主语 宾语等 例如 A prosperity which that had never been seen before appears in the countryside 农村出现 了前所未有的繁荣 which that 在句中作宾语 The package which that you are carrying is about to come unwrapped 你拿的包快散了 which that 在句中作宾语 关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间 地点或理由的名词 在从句中作状语 1 when where why 关系副词 when where why 的含义相当于 介词 which 结构 因此常常和 介词 which 结构交替使用 例如 There are occasions when on which one must yield 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候 Beijing is the place where in which I was born 北京是我的出生地 Is this the reason why for which he refused our offer 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由 吗 2 that 代替关系副词 that 可以用于表示时间 地点 方式 理由的名词后代替 when where why 和 介词 用心 爱心 专心 which 引导的定语从句 在口语中 that 常被省略 例如 His father died the year that when in which he was born 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了 He is unlikely to find the place that where in which he lived forty years ago 他不大可 能找到他四十年前居住过的地方 判断关系代词与关系副词 方法一 用关系代词 还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词 及物动词后面无 宾语 就必须要求用关系代词 而不及物动词则要求用关系副词 例如 This is the mountain village where I stayed last year I ll never forget the days when I worked together with you 判断改错 注 先显示题 再显示答案 横线 用不同的颜色表示出 错 This is the mountain village where I visited last year 错 I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside 对 This is the mountain village which I visited last year 对 I ll never forget the days which I spent in the countryside 习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where when 联系在一起 此两题错在关 系词的误用上 方法二 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分 主 谓 宾 定 状 也能正确选择 出关系代词 关系副词 例 1 Is this museum you visited a few days ago A where B that C on which D the one 例 2 Is this the museum the exhibition was held A where B that C on which D the one 答案 例 1 D 例 2 A 例 1 变为肯定句 This museum is you visited a few days ago 例 2 变为肯定句 This is the museum the exhibition was held 在句 1 中 所缺部分为宾语 而 where that on which 都不能起到宾语的作用 只有 the one 既做了主句的表语 又可做从句的宾语 可以省略关系代词 所以应选 D 而句 2 中 主 谓 宾俱全 从句部分为句子的状语表地点 既可用副词 where 又因 in the museum 词组 可用介词 in which 引导地点状语 而此题中 介词 on 用的不对 所以选 A 关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分 先行词在从句中做主 定 宾语时 选择关 系代词 who whom that which whose 先行词在从句中做状语时 应选择关系副词 where 地点状语 when 时间状语 why 原因状语 限制性和非限制性定语从句 1 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种 限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分 去 掉它主句意思往往不明确 非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明 去掉了也不会影响主 句的意思 它与主句之间通常用逗号分开 例如 This is the house which we bought last month 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子 限 制性 The house which we bought last month is very nice 这幢房子很漂亮 是我们上个月买 的 非限制性 用心 爱心 专心 2 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时 其后的定语从句通常是非限 制性的 例如 Charles Smith who was my former teacher retired last year 查理 史密斯去年退休了 他 曾经是我的老师 My house which I bought last year has got a lovely garden 我去年买的那幢房子带着个 漂亮的花园 This novel which I have read three times is very touching 这本小说很动人 我已经读了 三遍 3 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词 对其进行修饰 这时从句谓语动词 要用第三人称单数 例如 He seems not to have grasped what I meant which greatly upsets me 他似乎没抓住我的意 思 这使我心烦 Liquid water changes to vapor which is called evaporation 液态水变为蒸汽 这就叫做蒸 发 说明 关系代词 that 和关系副词 why 不能引导非限制性定语从句 介词 关系词 1 介词后面的关系词不能省略 2 that 前不能有介词 3 某些在从句中充当时间 地点或原因状语的 介词 关系词 结构可以同关系副词 when 和 where 互换 This is the house in which I lived two years ago This is the house where I lived two years ago Do you remember the day on which you joined our club Do you remember the day when you joined our club as which 非限定性定语从句 由 as which 引导的非限定性定语从句 as 和 which 可代整个主句 相当于 and this 或 and that as 一般放在句首 which 在句中 As we know smoking is harmful to one s health The sun heats the earth which is very important to us 典型例题 1 Alice received an invitation from her boss came as a surprise A it B that C which D he 答案 C 此为非限定性从句 不能用 that 修饰 而用 which it 和 he 都使后句成为句 子 两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接 况且选 he 句意不通 2 The weather turned out to be very good was more than we could expect A what B which C that D it 答案 B which 可代替句子 用于非限定性定语从句 而 what 不可 that 不能用于非限定性定 语从句 it 不为连词 使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通 3 It rained hard yesterday prevented me from going to the park A that B which C as D it 用心 爱心 专心 答案 B as 和 which 在引导非限制性定语从句时 这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思 且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语 但不同之处主要有两点 1 as 引导的定语从句可置于句首 而 which 不可 2 as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时 从句中的谓语必须是系动词 若 为行为动词 则从句中的关系代词只能用 which 在本题中 prevent 由于是行为动词 所以正确选项应为 B As 的用法 例 1 the same as such as 中的 as 是一种固定结构 和 一样 I have got into the same trouble as he has 例 2 as 可引导非限制性从句 常带有 正如 的意思 As we know smoking is harmful to one s health As is know smoking is harmful to one s health as 是关系代词 例 1 中的 as 作 know 的宾语 例 2 中 它充当从句的主语 谓语动词 know 要用被动式 先行词和关系词二合一 1 Whoever spits in public will be punished here Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替 2 The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school what 可以用 all that 代替 what whatever that what who whoever 1 what the thing which whatever anything What you want has been sent here Whatever you want makes no difference to me 2 who the person that whoever anyone who 错 Who breaks the law will be punished 错 Whoever robbed the bank is not clear 对 Whoever breaks the law will be punished 对 Who robbed the bank is not clear 3 that 和 what 当 that 引导定语从句时 通常用作关系代词 而引导名词性从句时 是个不充当任何 成分的连接词 宾语从句和表语从句中的 that 常可省略 what 只能引导名词性从句 用作 连接代词 作从句的具体成分 且不能省略 I think that you will like the stamps What we need is more practice 关系代词 that 的用法 1 不用 that 的情况 a 在引导非限定性定语从句时 错 The tree that is four hundred years old is very famous here b 介词后不能用 We depend on the land from which we get our food 用心 爱心 专心 We depend on the land that which we get our food from 2 只能用 that 作为定语从句的关系代词的情况 a 在 there be 句型中 只用 that 不用 which b 当不定代词如 anything nothing the one all much few any little 等作先行词时 只用 that 不用 which c 先行词有 the only the very 修饰时 只用 that d 先行词为序数词 数词 形容词最高级时 只用 that e 先行词既有人 又有物时 举例 All that is needed is a supply of oil 所需的只是供油问题 Finally the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police 那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察 模拟试题模拟试题 练习 一 1 The place interested me most was the Children s Palace A which B where C what D in which 2 Do you know the man A whom I spoke B to who spoke C I spoke to D that I spoke 3 This is the hotel last month A which they stayed B at that they stayed C where they stayed at D where they stayed 4 Do you know the year the Chinese Communist Party was founded A which B that C when D on which 5 That is the day I ll never forget A which B on which C in which D when 6 The factory we ll visit next week is not far from here A where B to which C which D in which 7 Great changes have taken place since then in the factory we are working A where B thatC which D there 8 This is one of the best films A that have been shown this year B that have shown C that has been shown this year D that you talked 9 Can you lend me the book the other day A about which you talked B which you talked C about that you talked D that you talked 10 The pen he is writing is mine A with which B in which C on which D by which 11 They arrived at a farmhouse in front of sat a small boy A whom B who C which D that 12 The engineer my father works is about 50 years old A to whom B on whom C with which D with whom 用心 爱心 专心 13 It there anyone in your class family is in the country A who B who s C which D whose 14 I m interested in you have said A all that B all what C that D which 15 I want to use the same dictionary was used yesterday A which B who C what D as 16 He isn t such a man he used to be A who B whom C that D as 17 He is good at English we all know A that B as C whom D what 18 Li Ming to the concert enjoyed it very much A I went with B with whom I went C with who I went D I went with him 19 I don t like as you read A the novels B the such novels C such novels D same novels 20 He talked a lot about things and persons they remembered in the school A which B that C whom D what 21 The letter is from my sister is working in Beijing A which B that C whom D who 22 In our factory there are 2 000 workers two thirds of are women A them B which C whom D who 23 You re the only person I ve ever met could do it A who B whom C whom D who 24 I lost a book I can t remember now A whose title B its title C the title of it D the title of that 25 Last summer we visited the West Lake Hangzhou is famous in the world A for which B for that C in which D what 26 I have bought such a watch was advertised on TV A that B which C as D it 27 I can never forget the day we worked together and the day we spent together A when which B which when C what thatD on which when 28 The way he looks at problems is wrong A which B whose C what D 29 This is the reason he didn t come to the meeting A in which B with which C that D for which 30 This machine for many years is still working perfectly A after which I have looked B which I have looked after C that I have looked after D I have looked after 31 The reason he didn t come was he was ill A why that B that why C for that that D for which what 32 He is working hard will make him pass the final exam A that B which C for which D who 用心 爱心 专心 33 That is not the way I do it A B which C for which D with which 34 I have two grammars are of great use A all of which B either of which C both of that D both of which 35 I want to use the same tools used in your factory a few days ago A as was B which was C as were D which 36 My neighbours used to give me a hand in time of trouble was very kind of them A who B which C that D it 37 This is the magazine I copied the paragraph A that B which C from that D from which 38 He is not such a man would leave his work half done A that B which C who D as 39 You can depend on whatever promise he makes A B why C when D whose 40 Smoking is a bad habit is however popular A that B which C it D though 41 Did you ask the guard happened Yes he told me all he knew A what that B what what C which which D that that 42 I shall never forget those years I lived on the farm with the farmers has a great effect on my life A when who B that which C which that D when which 43 The number of the people who cars increasing A owns are B owns is C own is D own are 44 During the days he worked as a servant at the Browns A followed B following C to follow D that followed 45 Is oxygen the only gas helps fire burn A that B C which D it 46 The clever boy made a hole in the wall he could see was going on inside house A which what B through which what C through that what D what that 47 Is some German friends visited last week A this school B this the school C this school one D this school where 48 John got beaten in the game had been expected A as B that C what D who 49 I have bought two ballpens writes well A none of them B neither of them C neither of which D none of which 50 All that can be eaten eaten up A are being B has been C had been D have been 练习 二 用心 爱心 专心 听力部分 略 单项填空 共 20 小题 每小题 1 分 满分 20 分 从 A B C D 四个选项中 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项 并在答题卡上将该项 涂黑 21 So you believe Mr Green that the government must spend more on education A Take careB Repeat it pleaseC I seeD Exactly 22 In his letter he said it was the third time that he Zhuhai A had visited B visitedC has visitedD would visit 23 She told me that it was you spoke ill of her behind her back she disliked you A since thatB for thatC because thatD that why 24 meet Mr Wang chairman of the trade union he waited at the gate of the factory A In order that B So that C So as to D In order to 25 You come to his office Our boss won t be back until next week A haven t to B won t have got to C haven t got to D don t have got to 26 She is a bit shy and stand up and answer the teacher s questions A doesn t dare to B dares not C dare not to D dares not to 27 The young physics teacher couldn t her words by the students A get understanding B get understood C get to understand D make understand 28 Robert has been working in New York for ten years so American law is familiar him A onB withC toD of 29 I was so excited that I for the whole night A held awake B stayed awake C held wake D stayed wake 30 It rained heavily And it was very kind of him to his umbrella with me A shareB takeC bringD use 31 I ll show you a store you may buy all you need A where which B in which that C which that D that that 32 For one thing a journal isn t as personal as a diary a travel journal has a different purpose A On the other hand B In a word C What s more D For another 33 Don t forget to and remember to send me some photos A write a letter meB write to me C write me with a letter D write to me letter 34 At last Tom was able to her to give up the foolish idea that she wanted to go there alone A suggest B expectC adviseD persuade 35 It s really time I should go home but I m enjoying myself so I here a bit longer A am stayingB have stayedC stayedD stay 36 India has a very large number of English speakers This is Britain ruled India from 1765 to 1947 A whyB because ofC becauseD what 用心 爱心 专心 37 The professor tells us that we have learned Spanish we will find Italian easy A forB onceC thoughD even though 38 No one can be sure in a million years A what man will look like B what will man look like C man will look like what D what look will man like 39 They decided to cycle along the Mekong River from it begins to it ends A what whatB where where C the place where whatD what the place where 40 In the days before a dictionary people could spell words in different ways you might find interesting A whichB in whichC asD how 完形填空 共 20 小题 每小题 1 5 分 满分 30 分 阅读下面短文 掌握其大意 然后从 41 60 各题所给的四个选项 A B C 和 D 中 选出最佳选项 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑 The Voice of America began during the World War II when Germany was broadcasting 广 播 a radio program to get the international support American officials believed they should answer the German broadcast with 41 that they thought were the facts of world 42 The first VOA news report began with words in 43 The 44 may be good or bad but we shall tell you the truth Within a week other VOA announcers were broadcasting in another four languages 45 French and English After the World War II 46 in 1945 some Americans felt VOA s 47 had to be changed considering the Soviet Union 苏联 became enemy of America They wanted to reach Soviet listeners The VOA began broadcasting in 48 In the early years VOA began 49 something new to its broadcast that was 50 Music USA Another new idea 51 in 1959 VOA knew that many listeners did not know 52 English to completely understand its normal English broadcast 53 VOA invented a simpler kind of English 54 uses about 1 500 words and is spoken 55 Of course it is special English In the 56 of most VOA listeners the most 57 program is the news report News from around the world fly into the VOA news room in Washington 24 hours a day It comes from VOA reporters in big cities and also from other 58 like BBC VOA writers and 59 use these materials 材料 to 60 news reports which are being broadcast in 43 languages 41 A adviceB commandsC wordsD requests 42 A reasonsB eventsC topicsD questions 43 A timeB shortC EnglishD German 44 A newsB problemsC effectsD opinions 45 A to include B had includedC includingD included 46 A began B completed C ended D came 47 A homeB purposeC positionD result 48 A GermanB BritishC RussianD French 49 A addingB hidingC retellingD joining in 50 A knownB reportedC calledD printed 51 A came up B was come up C came up with D was come up with 用心 爱心 专心 52 A AmericanB BritishC standardD enough 53 A SoB ButC AsD For 54 A iB whoC whichD that 55 A slowlyB rapidlyC normallyD loudly 56 A pleasureB courseC opinionD advice 57 A difficultB importantC variousD common 58 A broadcastsB formsC newspapersD countries 59 A officials B editors C listeners D recorders 60 A readB announceC surveyD prepare 阅读理解 共 20 小题 每小题 2 分 满分 40 分 阅读下列短文 从每题所给的四个选项 ABCD 中 选出最佳选项 并在答题卡上将该 项涂黑 A Many teenagers feel that the most important people in their lives are their friends They believe that their family members especially their parents don t know them as well as their friends do In large families it is often for brothers and sisters to fight with each other and then they can only go to their friends for advice It is very important for teenagers to have one good friend or many friends Even when they are not with their friends they usually spend a lot of time talking among themselves on the phone This communication is very important in children s growing up because friends can discuss something difficult to say to their family members However parents often try to choose their children s friends for them Some parents may even stop their children from meeting their good friends The question of choice is an interesting one Have you ever thought of the following questions Who choose your friends Do you choose your friends or your friends choose you Have you got a good friend your parents don t like 61 Many teenagers think their know them better than their parents do A friends B teachers C brothers and sisters D classmates 62 When teenagers stay alone the usual way of communication is to A go to their friends B talk with their parents C have a discussion with their family D talk with their friends on the phone 63 Which of the following is different in meaning from the sentence Some parents may even stop their children from meeting their good friends A Some parents may even not allow their children to meet their good friends B Some parents may even ask their children to stay away from their good friends C Some parents may even not let their children meet their good friends D Some parents may want their children to stop to meet their good friends 64 The passage suggests 暗示 that 用心 爱心 专心 A Parents cannot choose friends for their children successfully B Perhaps some children s friends are chosen by their parents C Children won t let their parents choose friends for them D Parents often try