持续性动词和瞬间动词

持续动词与瞬间动词 英语的行为动词有持续性动词和瞬间性动词之分 使用中应注意两者的区别 一 持续性动词 study play do read learn drive write clean slean sleep speak talk wait fly stay write sit stand lie keep 等 二 瞬间性动词 begin start finish go come leave find get up arrive reach get to enter hear stop open close become buy borrow lend happen join lose renew die take away put up set out put on get on off 等 以上已集中了初中教材的大部分持续性动词及瞬间性动词 三 用法 1 以上两类动词都能用于现在完成时 表示动作到现在为止已结束 例如 He has studied English for three years 他学英语已有 3 年了 He has joined the Party 他已入党了 Mum isn t at home She has gone to the library 妈妈不在家 她去图书馆了 2 持续性动词在完成时中能与表示持续一段时间的状语连用 而瞬间性动词则不能 例如 His parents talked with the teacher for half an hour 他父母跟老师谈了半个小时 My mother has lain in bed for 3 days 我母亲生病卧床已经三天了 My parents have lived in Shanghai since 1950 我父母从 1950 年起就住在上海了 3 瞬间性动词在完成时中如要与表示持续一段时间的状语连用 通常有两种方法 1 用意思相当的持续性动词来替换 例如 He has been in the army a soldier for three years 他参军已有 3 年了 不能用 has joined She has been up for quite some time 她起床已有好久了 不能用 has got up Has your brother been away from home for a long time 你哥哥离家已有好久了吗 不能用 has left 初中课本中的常用瞬间动词相应持续性动词关系如下 1 go be away 2 come be here 3 come back be back 4 leave be away be not here 5 buy have 6 borrow keep 7 die be dead 8 begin be on 9 finish be over 10 open be open 11 close be closed 12 lose be lost 13 get to know know 14 turn on be on 15 get up be up 16 sit down sit be seated 17 join be in 或 be a member 18 become be 2 用 it is since 结构来替换瞬间动词 例如 电影已经开映 5 分钟了 两种方法 The film has been on for five minutes It s five minutes since the film began 他离开上海已有 3 天了 两种方法 He has been away from Shanghai for three days It is three days since he left Shanghai 这本书我还给图书馆已有两周了 一种方法 It s two weeks since I returned the book to the library 他找到他妹妹已有多久了 一种方法 How long is it since be found his sister 4 瞬间动词的否定形式可以与表示一段时间的状语连用 例如 I haven t seen you for a long time 好久没见到你了 Exercises 一 根据所给的词组 把瞬间动词转换为延续性动词 arrive at in get to reach come go move to be in at school at home on the farm be here be there 1 He got to Beijing five minutes ago He Beijing for 2 I moved to the USA last year I the USA since 3 I went home yesterday I home for 4 They came here last week They here since come go back return be back come go out be out 1 He came out two years ago He for 2 We return to Fuzhou yesterday We to Fuzhou since become be 1 I became a teacher in 2000 I a teacher for 2 The river became dirty last year The river dirty for close be closed open be open 1 The shop closed two hours ago The shop for 2 The door opened at six in the morning The door for six hours get up be up die be dead leave be away from finish end be over fall asleep get tot sleep be asleep marry be married 1 I got up two hours ago I since 2 He left Fuzhou just now He Fuzhou for five minutes 3 My grandpa died in 2002 My grandpa for 4 The meeting finished at six The meeting for six hours 5 I got to sleep two hours ago I since 6 They married in 1990 They since start begin to do sth do sth begin be on 1 I began to teach at this school in 1995 I at this school since 2 The film began two minutes ago The film for borrow keep lose not have buy have put on wear catch get a cold have a cold get to know know 1 They borrowed it last week They it since 2 I bought a pen two hours ago I a pen for 3 I got to know him last year I him since 4 I put on my glasses three years ago I my glasses for have has gone to have been in He has gone to Beijing He Beijing for two days join the league the Party the army be a league a Party member a soldier be a member of the league the Party be in the league the Party the army 1 He joined the league in 2002 He a for two years He a the for two years He the league for two years 2 My brother joined the army two years ago My brother a for My brother in for two years 二 瞬间动词 延续性动词转换 1 The film began 10 minutes ago 2 I got a cold two days ago 3 The film finished 5 minutes ago 4 The man came here ten minutes ago 5 Linda and Frank married in 1989 6 My grandpa died ten years ago 7 I borrowed a book 5 days ago 8 The snake fell asleep ten days ago 9 My parents went out a week ago 10 I bought a bike in 2007 11 He became a tea