中考时态总结

1 一 一般现在时的用法 1 经常性或习惯性的动作 常与表示频度的时间状语连用 时间状语 every sometimes at on Sunday I leave home for school at 7 every morning He cycles to work every day 2 客观真理 客观存在 科学事实 The earth moves around the sun Shanghai lies in the east of China Water boils at 100 centigrade degrees 3 表示格言或警句中 Pride goes before a fall 骄者必败 注意 此用法如果出现在宾语从句中 即使主句是过去时 从句谓语也要用一般现在时 例如 Columbus proved that the earth is round 4 现在时刻的状态 能力 性格 个性 I don t want so much Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well 比较 Now I put the sugar in the cup I am doing my homework now 第一句用一般现在时 用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作 表示言行的瞬间动作 再如 Now watch me I switch on the current and stand back 第二句中的 now 是进行时的标 志 表示正在进行的动作的客观状况 知识扩展 一般现在时表将来 1 下列动词 come go arrive leave start begin return 的一般现在时表将来 这主要用来 表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情 The train leaves at six tomorrow morning 2 When does the bus star It stars in ten minutes 2 倒装句 表示动作正在进行 如 Here comes the bus The bus is coming There goes the bell The bell is ringing 3 在时间或条件句中 When Bill comes 不是 will come ask him to wait for me I ll write to you as soon as I arrive there 4 在动词 hope take care that make sure that 等后 I hope they have a nice time next week Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room 二 一般过去时的用法 1 在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态 时间状语有 yesterday last week an hour ago the other day in 1982 等 Where did you go just now I saw Tom in the street yesterday I bought this TV set in Beijing last year 2 表示在过去一段时间内 经常性或习惯性的动作 When I was a child I often played football in the street He always went to work by bus He used to act like that 3 用过去时表示现在 表示语气委婉礼貌 1 动词 want hope wonder think intend 等 例如 3 Did you want anything else I wanted to ask you about that Did you want to speak to me now I wondered if you could help me 2 情态动词 could would 例如 Could you lend me your bike 4 用在条件句中表示与现在或将来事实不符的虚拟语气 If I were a bird I would fly to Beijing If he were here now we could turn to him for help 注意比较下列句型 It is time for sb to do sth 到 时间了 该 了 例如 It is time for you to go to bed 你该睡觉了 It is time sb did sth 时间已迟了 早该 了 例如 It is time you went to bed 你早该睡觉了 would had rather sb did sth 表示 宁愿某人做某事 例如 I d rather you came tomorrow 一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去 现已不复存在 Christine was an invalid all her life 含义 她已不在人间 Christine has been an invalid all her life 含义 她现在还活着 Mrs Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years 含义 达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州 Mrs Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years 含义 现在还住在肯塔基州 有可能指刚 离去 三 一般将来时 4 1 shall 用于第一人称 常被 will 所代替 will 在陈述句中用于各人称 在征求意见时常用于第二人称 Which paragraph shall I read first Will you be at home at seven this evening 2 be going to 不定式 表示将来 a 主语的意图 即将做某事或打算做某事 What are you going to do tomorrow b 计划 安排要发生的事 The play is going to be produced next month c 有迹象要发生的事 Look at the dark clouds there is going to be a storm 3 be 不定式表将来 按计划或正式安排将发生的事 We are to discuss the report next Saturday 4 be about to 不定式 意为马上做某事 He is about to leave for Beijing 注意 be about to 不能与 tomorrow next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用 be going to will 的用法之比较 用于条件句时 be going to 表将来 will 表意愿 例如 If you are going to make a journey you d better get ready for it as soon as possible Now if you will take off your clothes we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror be to 和 be going to 的用法之比较 be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事 而 be going to 则表示主观的打算或计划 例 如 I am to play football tomorrow afternoon 客观安排 I m going to play football tomorrow afternoon 主观安排 5 四 现在进行时 1 表示现在 指说话人说话时 正在发生的事情 例如 We are waiting for you 2 习惯进行 表示长期的或重复性的动作 说话时动作未必正在进行 例如 Mr Green is writing another novel 说话时并未在写 只处于写作的状态 She is learning piano under Mr Smith 3 表示渐变的动词有 get grow become turn run go begin 等 The leaves are turning red It s getting warmer and warmer 4 与 always constantly forever 等词连用 表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态 往 往带有说话人的主观色彩 You are always changing your mind 知识扩展 不用进行时的动词 1 事实状态的动词 如 have belong possess cost owe exist include contain matter weigh measure continue I have two brothers This house belongs to my sister 2 心理状态的动词 如 know realize think see believe suppose imagine agree recognize remember want need forget prefer mean understand love hate I need your help He loves her very much 3 瞬间动词 如 accept receive complete finish give allow decide refuse 6 I accept your advice 4 系动词 如 seem remain lie see hear smell feel taste get become turn You seem a little tired 五 过去进行时 1 概念 表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作 2 过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景 一个长动作发生的时候 另一个短动 作发生 3 常用的时间状语有 this morning the whole morning all day yesterday from nine to ten last evening when while 例句 My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself It was raining when they left the station When I got to the top of the mountain the sun was shining 型例题 1 Mary a dress when she cut her finger A made B is making C was making D makes 答案 C 割伤手指是已发生的事情 应用过去时 同时 when 表时间的同时性 玛丽 在做衣服时 提供事情发生的背景 因此用过去进行时 2 As she the newspaper Granny asleep A read was falling B was reading fell C was reading was falling D read fell 答案 B 句中的 as when while 意为 当 之时 描述一件事发生的背景时 用过 去进行 一个长动作发生的时候 另一个短动作发生 句意为 在她看报纸时 奶奶睡着 了 句中的 fell fall 的过去时 是系动词 后跟形容词 如 fall sick 7 六六 现在完成时态现在完成时态 1 用法用法 过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果 强调结果 E g Yesterday I finished my homework that s to say I have finished my homework now 过去已经开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态 强调继续 E g I have lived here since 1990 2 现在完成时的构成现在完成时的构成 have has 过去分词 3 现在完成时的四个基本句型现在完成时的四个基本句型 肯定句 He has finished the work 一般疑问句 Has he finished the work 否定句 He has not finished the work 两回答 Yes he has No he hasn t 特殊疑问句 What has he done 4 在下列情形下用现在完成时在下列情形下用现在完成时 1 九词语九词语 already 已经 肯定句中或句尾 e g I have already found my pen 8 I have found my pen already yet 已经已经 否定句和疑问句句尾 e g I have not finished the work yet Have you bought a computer yet ever 曾经曾经 句中 e g Have you ever seen pandas never 从不从不 句中 e g I have never been to Beijing just 刚刚刚刚 句中 e g I have just done my work before 以前以前 句尾 e g I have never been there before so far 到目前为止到目前为止 e g So far he has learnt 200 words how long 多久多久 e g How long have you lived here how many times 多少次多少次 e g 9 How many times has he been to Beijing 2 两词组两词组 havegone to 去了某地 e g He has gone to Beijing 去了北京 havebeen to 去过某地 e g He has been to Beijing 去过北京 3 两结构两结构 for two monthsfor 一段时间 Jim has lived here for 2 months since last year since 3 years ago since 1990 since 过去点时间Lucy has been in Beijing since 3 years ago since he came heresince 过去时态句子He has been in China since he came here 4 如果句子里面没有时间状语 汉语意思能够加如果句子里面没有时间状语 汉语意思能够加 已经已经 往往用现在完成时态 往往用现在完成时态 e g Have you lost your library book 你已经弄丢了从图书馆借的那本书吗 5 现在完成时态还常常用于下列句型现在完成时态还常常用于下列句型 They have planted many trees in the last few years 在过去的几年 他们已经种了很多树 This is the best book I have ever read 这是我曾经读过的最好的一本书 It is the first time I have played the computer games 10 这是我第一次玩电脑游戏 5 在现在完成时中 一次性动词不能和一段时间状语连用在现在完成时中 一次性动词不能和一段时间状语连用 e g He has bought the book for 3 years 错错 因 buy 这个一次性动词不能和一段时间 for 3 years 连用 改正的办法有五种 He has bought the book 去掉一段时间 for 3 years He bought the book 3 years ago 改为一般过去时 使句子的意思不变 It s 3 years since he bought the book 3 years has passed since he bought the book 改为固定句型 It is since He has not bought the book for 3 years 改为否定句 He has had the book for 3 years 用延续性动词 have 代替 buy 6 还有其他一次性动词也是这种情况 可参照前面的五种办法改正 前四种改法都一样 还有其他一次性动词也是这种情况 可参照前面的五种办法改正 前四种改法都一样 第五种改法各不相同 第五种改法各不相同 举例如下 come arrive get to reach be here e g I have come here for 3 years 错 改为 I have been here for 3 years leave go be away e g He has left for 3 hours 错 改为 He has been away for 3 hours begin start be on e g The film has begun for 3 minutes 错 改为 The film has been on for 3 minutes open be open close be closed e g The shop has opened for 3 years 错 改为 The shop has been open for 3 years die be dead e g His father has died for 3 years 错 改为 His father has been dead for 3 11 years finish end be over 例 He has finished the work for 3 days 错 改为 The work has been over for 3 days join 例 I have joined the army for 3 years 错 改为 I have been in the army for 3 years 或 I have been a soldier for 3 years buy catch have e g I have bought the bike for 3 years 错 改为 I have had the bike for 3 years He has caught a cold for 3 days 错 改为 He has had a cold for 3 days borrow keep e g I have borrowed the book for 3 years 错 改为 I have kept the book for 3 years 还有其它的归纳如下 break be broken get up be up marry be married become be lose be lost 7 延续性动词和终止性动词延续性动词和终止性动词 延续性动词延续性动词 表示的动作是能延续的动作 这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久的影响 e g learn work stand lie know walk keep have wait watch sing read sleep live 终止性动词终止性动词 也叫非延续性动词 瞬间动词 一次性动词 表示的动作不能延续 即动 作发 生后立即结束 产生某种结果 在有了某种结果后 动作就不能再继续下 去 e g leave start set out arrive reach get to begin stop shut turn off marry put put on get up wake fall join meet receive finish end complete become come go die open close break give jump buy 12 borrow 8 终止性动词不能和一段时间状语连用 终止性动词不能和一段时间状语连用 He has died for three days 错 终止性动词 die 不能和一段时间 for three days 连用 7 过去完成时过去完成时 由由 had 过去分词构成过去分词构成 用法用法有二 过去某一时刻或某一动作之前就已经发生的动作或存在的状态 即过去的过去过去某一时刻或某一动作之前就已经发生的动作或存在的状态 即过去的过去 e g When we got to the station the train had left 当我到车站的时候 火车已经离开了 By the end of last week he had learnt 1000 words 到上个星期尾为止 他已经学了1000个单 过去某时间开始 一直延续到过去另一时间为止的动作或状态过去某时间开始 一直延续到过去另一时间为止的动作或状态 e g He said that he had made a few friends since he came to China 他说自从他来中国 他已经交了几个朋友 1 Look How wonderful my car is Oh Jack What are you thinking about Don t you like it I m sorry I any remark about it in time I certainly think it s smart A wasn t making B don t make C won t make D didn t make 2 To find the street where I lived in my childhood is no easy task because the city so 13 rapidly all these years A is changing B has changed C will have changed D will change 3 He quite well but he hasn t had time to swim since this summer A will swim B have swum C swam D swims 4 Jimmy said that he would come to pick me up but he by now A hasn t turned up B doesn t turn up C won t turn up D hadn t turned up 5 I m terribly sorry for being late but I the wrong bus A catch B had caught C caught D catching 7 The truth sir is that the old man across the road when my car hit him A was to walk B had been walking C walked D was walking 8 I really don t think Rose will be upset but I will go and see her in case she A is B does C will be D has been 9 The computers made by our company sell best but several years ago no one could have imagined the role in the markets that they A were playing B were to play C had played D played 10 Kate is in hospital Oh really I visit her A didn t know I ll go and B don t know I ll go and C don t know I m going to D didn t know I m going to 11 Where the guidebook I can t see it anywhere I it right here but now it s gone 14 A did you put have put B had you put have put C have you put put D were you putting put 14 Do you live in this city No we it for holidays A just visit B just visited C are just visiting D have visited 15 How is the old man now Sorry he though they did all they could to save him A was dead B had died C has been dead D died 16 The lake will be further polluted unless some measures A will be taken B are taken C were taken D had been taken 17 I m afraid it will be two months A when I come back B when I ll come back C before I come back D before I ll come back 18 The workers busily when the boss came to look for something he in the office A had worked had left B were working had left C working had left D had worked left 21 The notice No smoking A is told B reads C tells D is read 时态语态时态语态 1 考点考点 掌握六大时态以及对应的被动语态的构成 用法 2 知识讲解知识讲解 15 时态时态 一般现在时一般现在时 构成 谓语动词三单或原形构成 谓语动词三单或原形 用法 用法 a 现在经常性或习惯性动作 长期存在的特征或状态 常见时间状语 表示频率的副词 always often usually sometimes 等 表示频率的词组 once a year twice a month three times a year 等 on Sundays on Monday afternoons every day every morning every year 等时间状语 b 普遍真理 客观事实 c 条件 时间状语从句主将从现 同步练习同步练习 1 This girl is ready to help people any time When she is on the bus she always her seat to someone in need A gives B give C gave D giving 2 Betty will ring me up when she in Beijing A arrive B arrives C arrived D will arrive 3 Aunt Lucy will tell us something about her trip to Australia when she back A came B comes C would come D will come 4 Henry will give us a report as soon as he A arrives B arrived C is arriving D will arrive 5 In Chongqing you can often see many people dance outside together if it in the evening A rains B doesn t rain C will rain D won t rain 答案 ABBAB 一般过去时一般过去时 构成构成 谓语动词过去式 16 用法 用法 a 表示过去某时所发生的动作或存在的状态 常接时间状语 last night yesterday the day before yesterday yesterday evening just now 段时间 ago once upon a time the other day in 1990 at that time this morning 等 副词 often usually always sometimes every day week etc b 表示过去习惯或经常发生的动作 过去常常做某事也可以用 used to do sth 来表示 c 在语境中 表示 刚才 在过去 暗示现在已 不再这样 Look at the sign No smoking Sorry I didn t see it 同步练习同步练习 1 Where were you last Saturday I in the Capital Museum A am B will be C was D have been 2 I know a little about Thailand as I there three years ago A have been B have gone C will go D went 3 Lucy a student last year but now she a teacher A is is B was is C was will be D is was 4 The old man in Shanghai but he in Haikou now A be born live B was born live C is born lives D was born lives 5 He go out with his parents but now he staying at home alone A used to is used to B is used to used to C use to is used to 答案答案 CDBDA 一般将来时一般将来时 构成 构成 will be going to 动词原形 用法 用法 一般将来时表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态 常见时间状语 tomorrow next day week month year soon the day after tomorrow 后天 in the future 将来 in 一段时间 等 a will 动词原形 注意 a 当句中主语是 I 或者 we 时 一般用 shall 表示征求对方意见 说 话时临时做的决定 固有属性 必然趋势 b be going to 动词原形 表示计划 打算做某事 表示根据已有迹象对将来的推断 17 c 某些词 如 arrive borrow come fly go leave move start stay stop take off 等瞬间动词的现在进行时也可表示将来 表示即将发生或安排好的要做的事情 We are leaving for Shanghai 同步练习同步练习 1 We are glad to hear that the greens to a new flat next week A move B moved C will move D have moved 2 Put your hands behind your back don t speak We in ten minutes A back B will be back C are back D are back to you 3 My sister wants a new dress She it to the party A wears B has worn C wore D is going to wear 4 When you reading Jane Eyre It s hard to say I m busy recently A did finish B have finished C will finish D do finish 5 If it this Saturday we for a picnic A won t rain shall go B doesn t rain will go C isn t rain go D doesn t rain go 6 Look at the noisy kids Haven t you heard the saying When the cat is away the mice A play B played C are playing D will play 答案答案 CBDCBD 现在进行时现在进行时 构成 构成 am is are doing 用法 用法 表示此刻正在进行或发生的动作 表示现阶段正在进行而说话此刻不一定进行的动作 或持续的状态 常见时间状语时间状语 now at the moment these days 或者句中含有 look listen can can t you see 之类的暗示词 同步练习同步练习 1 Where s Tom His mother him now 18 A is looking for B will look for C has looked for D Looks for 2 Look The boys football on the playground A plays B play C are playing D played 3 What s the weather like Oh it outside Take an umbrella with you A rains B is raining C was raining D rained 4 You can t use the bathroom right now Robbie a shower A takes B will take C is taking 答案答案 ACBC 过去进行时过去进行时 构成 构成 was were doing 用法 用法 过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或一段时间正在进行的事情或动作 常见的时间状语 this morning the whole morning all day yesterday last evening 含有 when 或 while 引导的 时间状语从句的主从复合句 区别之处在于如果从句和主句动作有先后发生顺序且进行时 间较长 when 和 while 都可引导 而当从句和主句同时发生或无所谓先后时 只能由 while 引导 注意 注意 When 和 while 引导的时间状语从句中 如果动词为非延续性动词 常用一般过去 式 不用过去进行时 例句如下 同步练习同步练习 1 What were you doing this time yesterday I on the grass and drawing a picture A sit B sat C am sitting D was sitting 2 She to an English program while her parents TV A was listening is watching B listened were watching C was listening watched D was listening were watching 3 Has your friend completed his design Not yet He on it last night A worked B has worked C is working D was working 4 I saw Mr Smith in the office at ten yesterday morning That s impossible He an English party with us then A has B had C was having D has had 答案答案 DDDC 19 过去将来时过去将来时 构成 构成 would was were going to 动词原形 用法 用法 1 would do 动词原形 表示从过去某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态 常用在宾语 从句中 例句 He asked when the meeting would start 2 was were going to do 动词原形 表示曾经打算 准备要做的动作 例句 同步练习同步练习 The official said they a new law to protect the tourists the next year A makes B would make C made D have made 现在完成时现在完成时 构成 构成 have has 动词的过去分词 用法 用法 a 表示发生在过去的或已经完成的对现在仍有影响的动作 常和 already ever just never recently yet 等副词连用 b 表示动作或状态在过去已经开始 并持续到现在 也许还要持续下去常和 for 时间段 since 时间点 从句 一般过去时 连用 c have has been to 表示某人曾经去过某地 并且已经回来 have has gone to 表示某人已经去 了某地 但还没回来 have has been in 表示某人已经去了某地并呆了一段时间 但还没回来 d for 和 since 的区分 e 一般过去时和现在完成时的区分 f 非延续性动词与延续性动词的相互转化 同步练习同步练习 1 Mr White came to our school in 2008 and since then he us English 20 A teachesB taughtC has taughtD will teach 2 Julie s father to London last month He there three times A went had gone B has gone has been C went has been D has been had gone 3 British Prince William 威廉王子 and Kate for nearly two months A married B have married C have been married D have got married 4 How long has Robert Since 2004 A been to Beijing B become a policeman C joined the art club D studied in this school 5 Tom the USA He back in two months A has gone to comes B has gone to will be C has been to comes D has been to will be 6 Why are you worried I m expecting a call from my daughter She New York for three years A has gone to B has been to C has been in D has come in 7 A number of tourists Yangzhou many times because it is such a beautiful city A have been to B has been to C has gone to D have gone to 8 Linda with her parents the Wolf Hill and they will be back this afternoon A has gone to B have gone to C has been to D have been to 答案答案 CCCDBCCA 过去完成时过去完成时 构成 构成 had 动词的过去分词 用法 用法 过去完成时指到过去某个时间为止已经完成的动作或状态 概括来说 即 过去的过 去 过去完成时在句中使用时一般必须有一个或暗含一个发生在过去的动作作为参照 使 用过去完成时的动词的动作发生在该过去的动作之前 常与其连用的时间状语 by last week by the end of last year month week before 表示过去的时间状语等 21 同步练习同步练习 The girl sitting next to me on the plane was very nervous for she before A didn t B hasn t flown C hadn t flown D wasn t flying 被动语态被动语态 构成构成 主语 be 过去分词 动作的执行者由 by 引出 主语是动作的承受者 主动语态被动语态 一般现在时 am is are do doesam is are done 一般将来时will be going to dowill be done 一般过去时 was were didwas were done 现在进行时am is are doingam is are being done 过去进行时was were doingwas were being done 现在完成时have has donehave has been done 过去完成时had donehad been done 过去将来时would should Vwould should be done 情态动词情态动词 V 情