2017年中考英语二轮专题复习材料语法专题-语态_0

精品文档2016 全新精品资料-全新公文范文 -全程指导写作 独家原创 1 / 132017 年中考英语二轮专题复习材料语法专题-语态中考考点九：语态英语动词有两种语态，即主动语态（TheActiveVoice）和被动语态（ThePassiveVoice） 。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，例如：manypeoplespeakEnglish.(主动语态)Englishisspokenbymanypeople.(被动语态)知识梳理：提纲挈领，抓住重点和难点！一被动语态的时态：1.一般现在时的被动语态：am/is/are+动词的过去分词2.一般过去时的被动语态：was/were+动词的过去分词3.一般将来时的被动语态：willbe+动词的过去分词4.现在进行时的被动语态：am/is/are+being+动词的过去分词5.现在完成时的被动语态：have/has+been+动词的过去分词6.情态动词的被动语态：情态动词+be+动词的过去分词二主动语态变被动语态的变法：口诀：宾变主，主变宾，谓变 bedone,时不变，数格必须随被变。注：1.主动、被动的时态要一致。2.主动、被动的句式要一致。精品文档2016 全新精品资料-全新公文范文 -全程指导写作 独家原创 2 / 133.变成的被动语态的主语与谓语在单复数上保持一致。三特殊情况的被动语态：1.带双宾语的被动语态：动词+sb(间宾)+sth(直宾)口诀：如遇双宾语，一般变间宾，若把直宾变，to/for 间宾连。1).give/pass/show 与介词 to 搭配。givesbsthsb+begivensth 或 sth+begiven+tosb.2).buy/make/cook 与介词 for 搭配。buysbsthsb+bebought+sth 或 sth+bebought+forsbHegavemeabookI_abookbyhim.Abook_mebyhim.mymothermademeacake.I_acakebymymotherAcake_mebymymother.可有两种被动语态的常用动词有：buy，give，leave，lend，offer，pay，teach，tell，show，等。通常用直接宾语作被动语态主语的一些动词有:bring，do，make，pass，sell，send，sing，write，等。2.带省 to 的不定式作宾补的被动语态：动词+sb+dosth.口诀：感使动词真叫怪，to 来 to 去记心怀，主动语态 to精品文档2016 全新精品资料-全新公文范文 -全程指导写作 独家原创 3 / 13离去，被动语态 to 回来。动词：make/let/have/see/hear/feel/watchmakesbdosth-sb+be+made+todosthThebossmadetheworkersworkalldayTheworkers_workalldaybytheboss.3.在 see/hear/notice/keep+sb+doingsth 句型中变被动语态时，doing 不变。IheardTomsingingjustnowTom_bymejustnow.4.以动词短语作谓语的主动语态变被动语态时，不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。Weshouldtakecareoftheold.Theoldshould_.四注意事项：1.有些及物动词或动词短语不能用于被动语态（表拥有，状态的动词，后接动名词，不定式作宾语的动词表示主语的一些想法、爱好或愿望时， ）last,have,own.belongto,suitfinefit,hold,marry,wish,cost,notice,watchagreewith,arriveat/in,shakehandswith,succeedin,sufferfrom,happento,takepartin,walkinto,belongto2.不及物动词一般没有被动语态：精品文档2016 全新精品资料-全新公文范文 -全程指导写作 独家原创 4 / 13happen,takeplace,appear,hold(容纳)，但一些不及物动词与介词构成的固定词语可以一同用于被动语态：lookafter，listento，lookat，askfor，catchupwith 等3.系动词是没有被动语态（主动表被动）：Thedishtastesgood.4.有些词组没有被动语态，主动表被动。 （下列动词用来描述主语的特征，性质或状态）：sellwell,writewell,ridewell,drivewellThiskindofskirtsellswell.5.need，want,require,表示需要时 deserve(应得)，beworth，bebeyond，bepast 后面常接 doing 形式表示被动意义，相当于 tobedone.(此时主语为无此行为能力者)Allthecomputersneedrepairing.=Allthecomputersneed_.6.在 tooto及 enoughto结构中有时表示被动意义。Theproblemistoodifficulttosolve。7.宾语是相互代词、反身代词、同源宾语等时，一般不用被动语态。如：Weshouldhelpeachother.我们应该相互帮助。Weliveahappylifehere.我们在这儿过着幸福的生活。Hethinksofhimselftoomuch.他对自己想得太多。8.宾语是处所、地点时，一般不用被动语态。如：精品文档2016 全新精品资料-全新公文范文 -全程指导写作 独家原创 5 / 13Wewillreachthestationintwohours.我们再过两个小时就会到站了。HehasgonetoLondonnow.他去伦敦了。9.谓语部分(动词与宾语)是一个不可分割的动词短语时，一般不用被动语态。如：Theshipsetsailthismorning.这艘轮船今天早晨起航了。Hesawthedoctoryesterdayevening.他昨天晚上看了医生。10.若不定式的逻辑主语不是句子的主语，则应用被动式，比较：Ihavesomethingtotype.我有些东西要打(字)。(指自己打字)Ihavesomethingtobetyped.我有些东西要打(字)。(指请人打字)练习与巩固：熟能生巧，取得好成绩！1.()Themobilephonehasinfluencedpeopleslifealotsinceit_.A.inventsB.inventedc.isinventedD.wasinvented2.()onjune11th,2013,Shenzhou-10carryingthreeastronauts_intospacefromthespacecenterinjiuquan.Allthechinesepeopleareproudofitssuccessfullaunch.A.sentupB.aresentupc.wassentup3.()Thislisteningmaterial,togetherwithitscD-精品文档2016 全新精品资料-全新公文范文 -全程指导写作 独家原创 6 / 13Roms,_well.A.sellsB.sellc.issoldD.aresold4.()Thesportsmeeting_nextmonth.A.willholdB.isgoingtoholdc.willbeheld5.()Excuseme.ImlookingforBetheBestofyourself.Sorry.Thebookyouaskfor_out.A.issellingB.issoldc.wassellingD.willbeso6.()Annie_totheparty.Shehadawonderfultimewithus.A.invitesB.isinvitedc.wasinvitedD.hasinvited7.()manyhouses_intheearthquakeofApril20,2013inyaan.A.isdestroyedB.aredestroyedcwasdestroyedD.weredestroyed8.()HanHansbooksarepopular.They_bymanyteenagers.A.isreadB.wasreadc.arereadD.wereread9.()Teenagers_allowedtodrive.A.shouldnotbeB.shouldbenotc.notshouldbe10.()Atpresent,oneofthebestwaystostudyisworkingingroups.morechances_tostudentstolearnfromeachother.精品文档2016 全新精品资料-全新公文范文 -全程指导写作 独家原创 7 / 13A.offerB.areofferedc.haveofferedD.areoffering11.()Iwanttoborrowthebook,butIdontknowhowlongitmay_.Fortwoweeks.A.keepB.beborrowedc.borrowD.bekept12.()manytrees_onthestreetseveryyears.Sotheairisveryfreshnow.A.plantB.areplantedc.plantedD.wereplanted13.()DidntyouseethesignNoParking!ontheright?Sorry,Ididnt.ButnowIknowparking_here.A.wasntallowedB.isntallowedc.wontallowD.doesntallow14.()Whatlanguages_inthatcountry?GermanandEnglishA.arespeakingB.arespokenc.speakD.isspoken15.()Boysandgirls,thebooksinthelibraryshould_goodcareof.A.betakenB.takec.aretaking16.()Anewpark_inourhometownnextyear.Really?ourhometownmustbemorebeautiful.精品文档2016 全新精品资料-全新公文范文 -全程指导写作 独家原创 8 / 13A.willbuildB.willbebuiltc.isbuilt17.()Ayearhasfourseasonsandit_twelvedifferentstarsigns.A.dividedintoB.isdividingintoc.dividedintoDisdividedinto18.()ItissaidthatanAsiancultureVillage_insidetheAyG,VillageinNanjinginthecomingAsianyouthGamesperiod.A.buildsB.isbuildingc.willbebuiltD.wasbuilt19.()Thechildwithoutparents_goodcareofbyhisteachersinthisspecialschool.A.istakenB.aretakenc.takeD.takes20.()clark,yourroomisreallyinamess.Itneeds_Sorry,mum.Illdoitatonce.A.cleanB.cleanedc.tocleanD.tobecleaned21.()“Frog”，moyanslatestnovel,please!Sorry,it_justnow.Butitwillcomeoutagainsoon.A.soldoutB.issoldoutc.hassoldoutD.wassoldout22.()一 Whodesignedthisgame?一 It_byTomin1999.A.isdesignedB.designsc.wasdesignedD.designed23.()DoyouknowEarthDay?精品文档2016 全新精品资料-全新公文范文 -全程指导写作 独家原创 9 / 13Sure.It_in1970totellustoprotectourplanet.A.setsupB.setupc.issetupD.wassetup。24.()Alotoftrees_aroundhereeveryyear，andwecanenjoyfresherairnowAwereplantedBareplantedcwillplantDareplanting25.()Lotsoffoodandwater_yaan,SichuanProvinceimmediatelyaftertheearthquakehappened.A.weresentB.aresentc.sendD.sent26.()manybuildingsinLushan_intheearthquakeonApril20th.Itwillsurelybereconstructed(重建)morebeautifully.A.havedestroyedB.aredestroyedc.weredestroyedD.aredestroying27.()Thesongremindsmeofmyoldschooldaysassoonasit_.A.isplayedB.playsc.willbeplayedD.willplay28.()Excuseme,sir,smoking_inthegasstation.oh,Imreallysorry.A.doesntallowB.isntallowedc.arentallowed29.()精品文档2016 全新精品资料-全新公文范文 -全程指导写作 独家原创 10 / 13Itsdifficulttogettotheothersideoftheriver.Ithinkabridge_overtheriver.A.shouldbebuiltB.shouldbuildc.willbuildD.hasbuilt30.()Haveyoufinishedyourproject?Notyet.IllfinishitifI_tenmoreminutes.A.giveB.amgivenc.willgiveD.willbegiven31.()Eachyearquitealotoffood_aroundtheworld.Itsreallytimeforustodosomething.A.waswastedB.iswastedc.wastedc.willbewasted32.()Thankstotheinternet,differentkindsofinformation_inashorttime.A.canbelearnedB.hasbeenlearnedc.canlearnD.haslearned33.()ItisreportedthatDaimiaocultureSquare_inTaiannextyear.A.willbebuiltB.werebuiltc.havebuiltD.willbuild34.()youboughtanewcar!AnAmericancar?No.Achinesecar.It_inTaizhou.A.makesB.madec.wasmadeD.willbemade35.()chinese_bythelargestnumberofpeople.A.speaksB.speakc.isspoken36.()Withthehelpofthepeoplearoundchina,manybeautifu精品文档2016 全新精品资料-全新公文范文 -全程指导写作 独家原创 11 / 13lnewbuildings_hereandthereintheearthquake-hitareainSichuan.A.canseeB.canbeseenc.willsee37.()WhydidTomgotobedsolateyesterday?Becausehishomework_ontime.A.didntfinishB.finishc.wasntfinished38.()Thispairofshoes_hand,andit_verycomfortable.A.ismadewith;isfeltB.aremadefrom;isfeltc.aremadeof;feelsD.ismadeby;feels39.()Thiskindofsweater_verysoft.A.isfeltB.feelsc.feelD.isfeeling40.().ThechinesewriterhasgotlotsoffansinFrance.Hisnewbook_intoFrenchassoonasitcameoutA.wastranslatedB.translatedc.istranslatedD.translates41.().HowoftendoIneedtofeedthedog?It_foodeveryday,oritwillbehungry.A.mustgiveB.mustbegivec.mustbegivenD.mustbegave42.()Shouldateenagertogetadrivinglicense?”“Firstgotoatrainingcentre.”A.beallowB.allowc.beallowedD.allowed精品文档2016