四川宜宾县双龙中学九年级英语 定语从句的认知过程素材 人教新目标版

1 定语从句的认知过程定语从句的认知过程 定语从句是高中阶段的一项十分重要的语法项目 学好定语从句很容易使我们的语言表达能力得以 充分的发挥 好多我们无法直接用英语来描述的词可以用定语从句表达出来 假如我们不会用英语说 钱 这个字 我们可以用定语从句给描述出来 我们可以说 It is sth that we can use to buy what we want it is sth which is made of metal or paper it is sth with which we can take easily around the world and do many things 这样定语从句 的作用就非常地明显 下面我从最基础的地方着手给同学们阐述定语从句的使用 一 定义 什么叫定语从句 要知道定语从句首先要知道什么是定语 定语是修饰限制名词 代词或起到名词作用的词或短语 充当定语的如果是一个句子 即是定语从句 二 定语从句的引导词 1 如何把一句话变成定语从句 认知过程 如 1 I saw a boy The boy was a student 如果我们把两个句子合成 I saw a boy The boy was a student 我们会发现有两个词 the boy 重复 定语从句 那么第一次出现的 the boy 我们把它叫做先行词 为了避免 重复 我们找一个关系代词来代替它 于是就出现了 I saw a boy who that was a student 定语从句 2 定语从句变化过程 She left the place The place was beautiful She left the place The place was beautiful She left the place which that was beautiful 总结 引导词即关系代词或副词在句中一定充当成分 2 充当先行词的几种情况 一 先行词指人 1 在定语从句中充当主语时 我们可用 who that 来代替 Eg I know the man The man 主语 came to see me yesterday I know the man who that came to see me yesterday 2 在定语从句中充当宾语时 我们可用 who that whom 来代替 Eg The boy was black and blue They beat the boy 宾语 just now The boy who that whom they beat just now was black and blue 二 先行词指事或物 不管在定语从句中做主语还是宾语 我们都可用 which that 代替 eg 1 The desk is beautiful The desk 主语 was made by a girl The desk which that was made by a girl is beautiful 2 The TV set is cheap He bought the TV set 宾语 yesterday The TV set which that he bought yesterday is cheap 三 先行词指人 在定语从句中充当介词宾语时 如果介词不提前可用 who that whom 但是 如 果介词提前 就只能用 whom Eg I met the person You were discussing with the person I met the person who whom that you were discussing with I met the person with whom you were discussing 四 先行词指事或物 在定语从句中充当介词宾语时 如果介词不提前可用 which that 但是 如 果介词提前 就只能用 which Eg The traffic accident is serious They are talking about the traffic accident The traffic accident which that they are talking about is serious 2 The traffic accident about which they are talking is serious 注 如果先行词时间名词 地点名词 用法同 二 四 两点 Eg 1 That day was fine I will never forget that day That day that which I will never forget was fine 2 That day was fine We were talking about that day That day that which we were talking about was fine That day about which we were talking was fine 1 This is a mountain I visited the mountain This is a mountain that which I visited 2 This is a mountain He lives beside the mountain This is a mountain which that he lives beside This is a mountain beside which he lives 五 先行词在定语从句中做定语时 引导词用 whose of which Eg The man is a teacher His father is a great leader The man whose father is a great leader is a teacher 注意 A house stopped me The window of the house was broken A house of which the window was broken stopped me 强调 A 当先行词是时间或地点名词在定语从句中作介词宾语或即是地点状语时 除了可以使用方法 四 之外 我们也可以直接使用 when where 因此 when 就等于 on which at which before which after which Where 就等于 at which in which beside which in front of which behind which Eg 1 I will remember the day You came to see me on the day I will remember the day which that you came to see me on I will remember the day on which you came to see me I will remember the day when you came to see me 2 The school is fine I study at the school The school which that I study at is fine The school at which I study is fine The school where I study is fine B 当先行词是 the reason 时 有两种可能 一种是作宾语 一种和介词一起作原因状语 Eg 1 He told me the reason Nobody knew the reason He told me the reason which that nobody knew 2 He told me the reason He was late for the reason He told me the reason for which why he was late Note The reason why his sister was late is that her husband is badly ill in hospital C 当先行词是 idea face rumor news hope belief thought doubt 等词时 如果后面的从句 是解释或说明以上名词的具体内容 那么这个句子是同位语从句 要用 that 连接 如 1 如果是修饰 限制以上的名词 那么他就是定语从句 要用 which that 连接 如 2 I had no idea that you were late 1 We all know t he fact that China is developing quickly I remember the idea that which he put forward 2 They all know the fact which Xiao Wang said D which 和 that 只能使用 that 的几种情况 1 当先行词被序数词 最高级所修饰时 2 当先行词既指人又指物时 3 3 当先行词 the very the only the last 所修饰时 4 当先行词有 all any few little no 等修饰语时 人们更多地使用 that 5 当先行词为 everything anything nothing all little few much 等时 但先行词为 something 时 既可用 that 又可用 which 6 有时为了避免重复而使用 that 引导定语从句 Who is the man that hit the boy Which was the car that hit the tree Who that has such a house does not love it 7 当先行词后跟的是陈述句的同位语从句时只能用 that 此时 不充当句子的成分 E 通常使用 which 的场合 1 先行词指物作介词宾语时 如果介词提前 只能用 which 2 引导非限制性定语从句 代替前面的事或物 或代替前面的一句话时 F 使用 as 的几种情况 1 当先行词被 the same such 所修饰时 2 代替前面一句话 表示正象 所 的那样时 引导非限制性定语从句 G 定语从句中的主谓一致 1 如果先行词在定语从句中做主语 那么定语从句中的谓语动词要和先行词一致 2 当先行词是 one of 名词复数是 谓语动词用复数形式 但 the only the very one of 时 只能用单数形式 H 当先行词是 way 时 引导词可以是 in which that 或省略 一 限制性定语从句与限制性定语从句的区别 1 限定性定语从句对先行词起到限定 区分关系 并与先行词有着不可分割的关系 如果省去 剩下的部分意义就会不完整或不清楚 Eg Those who want to go please put up your hands A man who doesn t try to learn from others can t hope to achieve much 2 非限定性定语从句只对先行词作进一步说明和描述 如果省去 剩余的部分仍然意义完整 表 达清楚 非限定性定语从句的前面往往有逗号与其它部分割开