九年级英语Unit 5 Learning about China. Review湘教版知识精讲

用心 爱心 专心 九年级英语九年级英语 Unit 5 Learning about China Review 湘教版湘教版 本讲教育信息本讲教育信息 一 教学内容 Unit 5 Learning about China Review 二 重点 难点 定语从句及单项选择训练 三 具体内容 定语从句专讲专练 概念 在含有主句和从句的复合句中 修饰主句中的某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语 从句 它所修饰的词叫先行词 定语从句就跟在先行词的后面 用来引导定语从句的词叫 关系词 分为关系代词 who whom that which whose 和关系副词 where when why e g Did you see the person who that stole it This is the pen which that he is looking for 上面两例中的先行词分别是 the person 与 the pen 后面是由关系代词 who that which that 引导的定语从句 2 关系代词的选择及功能 引导定语从句的词有关系代词 who that which whom whose 和关系副词 where when why 它们放在先行词和定语从句之间起联系作用 同时又充当定语从句中的一个成分 如主语或宾语 有关先行词的选择取决于两点 先行词是人还是物 关系代词在从句 中做主语还是宾语 具体用法如下 1 当先行词是人时 关系代词可以用 who 或 that 当先行词是物时 关系代词可用 which 或 that e g The film which that they saw was very interesting The boy who that is sitting in the sun is my brother 2 当关系代词在句中做宾语时 关系代词可以省略 e g The man who whom that they are waiting for comes from Japan 3 whose 指人或物的所有格 e g Do you know the boy whose hair is yellow The classroom whose windows are closed is ours 4 关系副词 when where why 介词 which when 表时间 跟在 hour moment day month year season time 等之后 e g Can you tell me the date when on which you were born where 表地点 跟在 place village town city home 等之后 e g This is the place where in which I grew up why 表原因 在 reason 原因 之后 That s the reason why she didn t come to work 3 特殊情况 1 当先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时 关系代词必须用 that e g This is the best novel that I have ever read 用心 爱心 专心 2 如果指物的先行词是不定代词或被不定代词修饰时 必须用 that 不能用 which 不定代词有 all something everything anything nothing none the one much little every any some 等 e g I mean the one that you talked about just now 3 当先行词有 the only the very the last the same the first 等词修饰时 关系代词必须 用 that e g He is the only person that I saw there 4 关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时 如果介词放在它的前面 只能用 which 或 whom e g This is the room that which he lived in two years ago This is the room in which he lived two years ago The girl who whom that he is talking to is my sister The girl to whom he is talking is my sister 但有些介词短语的固定词组不能拆开 e g The babies who that the nurse are looking after are healthy 5 当关系代词在定语从句中充当主语时 定语从句的谓语动词取决于先行词而不是 关系代词 e g The girl who has long hair is my daughter The trees that were planted by us last year have grown well 6 当引导定语从句的关系代词在从句中作表语时用 that e g She is no longer the girl that she wanted to be 7 当有两个或两个以上分别表人和物的先行词时只能用 that e g He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited 8 以 who which 开头的疑问句为避免重复 用 that e g Who is the girl that is standing at the door 9 主句是 there be 结构 定语从句用 that 作关系代词 e g There is a seat in the corner that is still free 10 关系词只能用 which 而不用 that 的情况 a 先行词为 that those 时 用 which 而不用 that 例如 What s that which is under the desk 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么 b 关系代词前有介词时 一般用 which 而不用 that 例如 This is the room in which he lives 这是他居住的房间 c 引导非限制性定语从句 用 which 而不用 that 例如 Tom came back which made us happy 汤姆回来了 这使我们很高兴 11 当先行词为 anyone everyone those he she all any 时 用 who e g I will shoot anyone who moves It is he who saved me 典型例题典型例题 单项选择题一向是各省市中考的必考题型 它的特点是考点多 覆盖面广 题量大 潜隐性强 在考查纯语法 词汇的基础上 更增加了在特定的语境中运用词法 句法 惯 用法的考查 突出了对同学们综合运用英语语言能力的考查和日常交际用语的考查 即词 法 句法 惯用法 语境四大考点 该题型的考点主要分布在 名词 动词 形容词 副 词 代词 冠词 连词 介词 情态动词 时态 语态 词义辨析 语序 各种不同的从 句及交际用语上 其主要命题特点有以下几种 用心 爱心 专心 1 考查学生在特定的语言环境中运用语法的能力 从近几年各省市考题看 几乎所有的 考题都提供了一个微型语境 让同学们根据讲话人所处的语言环境来选择答案 此类考题 所提供的四个备选答案 不看特定的语境 四个选项往往都可成立 因而有较强的干扰性 和迷惑性 2 考查同学们掌握和运用日常交际用语的能力 英语教学大纲 列出了日常交际用语 简表 共有 30 类 这 30 类交际功能是我们初中所学内容的总结 大纲 明确提出 要 使学生获得 为交际初步运用英语的能力 此类考题就是针对这项教育任务而出的 主 要考查同学们的日常交际能力及对中西方文化差异的了解 3 考查同学们的应试能力 近年的单项选择题出现题干增长的情况 试题常在主要成分 中插入一些次要的信息 这些次要的信息常常干扰同学们的思维 分散同学们的注意力 同学们如何撇开多余的信息 抓住题干中的个别关键词 成为解题的关键 有些考题在题 干空格后还附有一些信息 这些信息有的对解题起决定性作用 答题时一定要瞻前顾后 通盘考虑 如果同学们平时只是不作任何理解地死记硬背 要想在单项选择中获取高分 那是很困难的 由于单项选择题所考查的范围较广 所以要想做好此类题一要具备扎实的英语基础知 识 二要紧扣语境 抓住关键词 具体应注意以下几点 1 复习时要弄清初中阶段所出现的几种主要时态和语态的用法 结构 与之连用的 状语及各自的特殊用法 重点要分清现在完成时 一般过去时的用法 对宾语从句 状语 从句 动词不定式 比较等级以及它们的用法规则都要一一弄清楚 还要注意固定搭配 习惯用语 动词的时态和语态 动词辨析以及不同词性的词的用法 2 在解题方面要突出语境 在语境中选语句和词汇 防止汉语思维的干扰 英语中 一些关键词的含义往往是由它所处的语义环境 即上下文 决定的 答题时如忽视了语境 就很容易答错题 3 在解题时要注意句型结构和语序 要掌握初中阶段所出现的句型结构 注意宾语 从句 感叹句的语序 4 掌握习语和日常交际用语 应掌握大纲词汇 习惯用语 由于文化背景和风俗习 惯的不同 对于一些日常交际用语应记牢 除此之外 考生在做单项选择题时 还应掌握一些解题方法 1 直接法 直接利用相关语法知识 通过题干中的已供信息 捕捉到解题线索 从而 得出正确答案的解题方法 例 Will you come to the net bars 网吧 with me Sorry My mother always tells me there A not goB goC not to goD to go 根据句意可知此题考查动词不定式的否定形式 即 tell sb not to do sth 故此题应 选 C 2 关键词法 许多题目中都有这样一些词 它们对于快速而准确地判定答案起着至关 重要的作用 我们称这些词为关键词 key words 找到句中的关键词 也就找到了解题 的突破口 例 He hardly hurt himself in the accident A doesn t heB didn t heC did heD does he 该题中 hardly 与 hurt 是起关键词作用的 凡陈述部分含有 hardly never little few 等否定意义的词时 反意疑问句用肯定形式 而 hurt 一词的过去式与原形相同 此处 hurt 未加 s 应为过去式 因此本题答案 C 是正确的 3 类推法 如果对题目的备选答案没有十分把握或把握很小 不妨利用 如果 A 对 用心 爱心 专心 那么 B 也对 的类推法 从而可将 A B 予以否定 例 Who s the man at the door A He is a doctorB He is a friend of mine C He is a famous singerD He is twenty 仔细分析备选答案就可发现 A C 选项针对的是 职业 若 A 是对的 那么 C 也 会是对的 D 回答的是年龄 故惟有 B 才是正确的 4 前后照应法 此方法多用于两个以上句子或对话形式命题的题目 解题前透彻理解 然后联系上下文 捕捉隐含信息 方能准确找出答案 例 He isn t a teacher is he He works in a hospital A Yes he isB No he isn tC Yes He isn tD No he is 本题考查否定的反意疑问句的回答 由后半句的回答 我们知道 他 的身份不是教 师 否定反意疑问句回答中的 Yes 其实际含义为 不 No 的实际含义为 是 因此应 选择的是 B 5 排除法 根据题干提供的信息 先把一眼就看出的干扰项排除 缩小选择范围 然 后将剩余的选项填入空白处进行检验 辨别真伪 例 The girl asked the teacher A what does the museum looks like B what did the museum look like C what the museum looks like D what the museum looked like 本题主要考查宾语从句中的语序及时态的对应关系 主句动词是过去时 从句的谓语 动词也应是过去时的某种时态 故 A C 被排除 而 B 中有词序错误 所以 D 为正确答案 6 交际法 此方法可用 30 个交际用语 联系上下文直接解题 例 Would you like to have another cup of tea A Yes I doB Not at allC No thanksD Help yourself 本题主要考查简单交际用语的应答 对别人的邀请 如果表示不接受时 应委婉说出 不能断然拒绝 因此 选 C 是最佳答案 模拟试题模拟试题 答题时间 40 分钟 定语从句专题训练 一 用关系代词或关系副词填空 1 We need comrades can help us 2 The man you saw yesterday was a doctor from Beijing 3 This is a story about a girl name 或 the name of is Liu Hulan 4 This is our classroom windows 或 the windows of face the south 5 Here is a book will give a lot of useful knowledge 6 This is the song we like best 7 I will never forget the day on I first saw him 8 This is the room Lao Liu once lived in 9 Do you still remember the day on he joined the army 10 The earth we all know moves around the sun 11 is known to all the earth is round 12 The sun is bigger than the earth is known to us all 13 He did not study hard led to his failure 14 We used the same type of machine they did 用心 爱心 专心 15 We have found such materials are used in their factory 16 Here are five fish The two were caught yesterday are gold fish 17 Everything I told you just now is true 18 They talked of the things and persons they remembered in the school 19 There are stars we still don t know in space 20 Li Ying is not the girl she used to be ten years ago 21 The businessman you saw just now is Jim 22 The room he is now living in is large 23 A fridge is a machine is used for keeping food fresh 24 The person to he is speaking is Mr Black 25 The tomatoes were in the basket were red 二 将下列句子合并或改为定语从句 1 This is a person I went to Shanghai with him 2 I never forget the day I spent the day with my friend in Shanghai 3 I never forget the day I joined the League Member on that day 4 This is a person I used to play with him 5 He is the only student He passed the exam 6 She is a girl Her hair is the longest in the class 7 She is my good friend I often think of her 8 This is a place I used to play with my friends in this place 9 This is a place I visited this place last year 10 He is a person He often helps others 11 I don t know the reason why he did quarrel with Zhang Lin 12 These are the people and books I saw the people and books on my way home yesterday 13 The girl with the long hair is my friend 14 The place called Songxia is my hometown 15 The man is watching TV He showed us here 16 The pen is mine He took it away by mistake 17 The sweater is worth 90 yuan I like it 18 The students deserved to fail the exam They didn t study hard 19 The woman is talking to our teacher She is my mother 20 The boy standing there is my brother 三 请找出下列各句中的错误并加以改正 1 This is the factory where we visited last week 2 This is the watch for that Tom is looking 3 The person to who you spoke is a student of Grade Two 4 The house in that we live is very small 5 A plane is a machine can fly 6 I ve read all the books which I borrowed from the library 7 This is the best film which I have ever seen 8 My father and Mr Smith talked about things and persons who they remembered in the country 用心 爱心 专心 9 Everything which we saw was of great interest 10 This is the room which food is kept 11 The reason which he didn t go to school is that he was ill 12 Those who want to go with me put up your hands 13 The boy his mother died last year studies very hard 14 This is the room which food is kept 15 We re going to visit the school where your brother works there 16 He is the only one of the students who have been invited to the English Evening 17 This is all which I can do for you 18 This is the only book that were borrowed from the library 19 Who is the man who has white hairs 20 I will never forget the days which we had a good time together at the sea 用心 爱心 专心 试题答案试题答案 定语从句专题训练 一 1 who that2 who that whom3 whose whom4 whose which 5 which that6 that which7 which8 that which9 which 10 which as11 As12 which as13 which14 that15 that 16 that17 that18 that19 that which20 that 21 who whom that22 which that23 that24 whom25 which that 二 1 This is a person who whom I went to Shanghai with 2 I never forget the day which that I spent with my friend in Shanghai 3 I never forget the day on which when I joined the League Member 4 This is a person who whom that I used to play with 5 He is the only student that passed the exam 6 She is a girl whose hair is the longest in the class 7 She is my good friend who whom that I often think of 8 Th