2012高二英语暑假作业 语法重点难点回顾2

用心 爱心 专心1 高二英语暑假作业高二英语暑假作业 高中英语语法重点难点回顾高中英语语法重点难点回顾 2 2 形容词的顺序 系动词 be grow get become feel appear prove seem look keep smell taste sound turn re main 限定词 数量形容词 序数词在前 基数词在后 性状形容词 大小 长短 高低等形体 新旧 颜色 国籍 材料 Those three beautiful large square old brown wood table 某些以 a 开首的形容词例如 afraid alike alone asleep awake alive 等只能作表语 不能作定语 某些以 ly 结尾的词是形容词而不是副词 friendly lively lovely lonely likely deadly silly orderly timely 等 1 close 接近地 closely 仔细地 密切地 2 free 免费地 freely自由地 无拘束地 3 hard努力地 hardly几乎不 4 late 晚 迟 lately 近来 5 most 极 非常 mostly主要地 6 wide广阔地 充分地 widely广泛地 7 high高 highly高度地 非常地 8 deep深 迟 deeply抽象意义的 深 9 loud大声地 loudly大声地 含有喧闹的意思 10 near 邻近 nearly几乎 bad ill badly worse worst little less least 表示一方不及另一方时 用 less 原级 than 的结构表示 This room is less beautiful than that one 表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量时 可在比较级前加表示程度的状语 如 even a lot a bit a little still much far yet by far 等修饰 He works even harder than before 注意 by far 通常用于强调最高级 用于比较级时 一般放在比较级的后面 如放在前面 应在二者中间 加 the He is taller by far than his brother He is by far the taller of the two brothers 某些以 or 结尾的形容词进行比较时 用 to 代替 than superior junior senior 等 He is superior to Mr Wang in mathematics 在比较从句中为了避免重复通常用 that those one ones 代替前面出现的名词 that 指物 one 既可 指人 也可指物 that 可代替可数名词单数和不可数名词 而 one 只能代替可数名词 例如 The book on the table is more interesting than that on the desk A box made of iron is stronger than one made of wood 表示倍数的比较级有如下几种句型 A is three four etc times the size height length width etc of B The new building is four times the size the height of the old one 这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大 四倍高 高三倍 A is three four etc times as big high long wide etc as B Asia is four times as large as Europe 亚洲是欧洲的四倍大 用心 爱心 专心2 A is three four etc times bigger higher longer wider than B 例如 Your school is three times bigger than ours 你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍 表示两倍可以用 twice 或 double 表示 最高程度 的形容词 如 excellent extreme perfect 等 没有最高级 也不能用比较级 如果复数名词前有 many few 不可数名词前有 much little 等表示量的形容词时 该用 so 而不用 such 如 I ve had so many falls that I m black and blue all over Mr White got so little money a month that he could hardly keep body and soul together 但 little 不表示数量而表示 小 的意思时 仍用 such 如 They are such little children that the they cannot clean the house by themselves 6 almost 与 nearly 在 very pretty not 后用 nearly 不用 almost 例如 I m not nearly ready 在 any no none never 前用 almost 不用 nearly 例如 I almost never see her need 表示 需要 或 必须 作情态动词时 仅用于否定句或疑问句中 在肯定句中一般用 must have to ought to 或 sh ould 代替 例如 You needn t come so early Need I finish the work today Yes you must 注意 needn t have done 表示本来不必做某事而实际上做了某事 例如 You needn t have waited for me should have done 表示应该做到而实际上没有做到 You should have started earlier ought to have done 表示过去应做某事而实际未做 You ought to have helped him but you didn t 书报的标题 小说等情节介绍常用一般现在时 表示感觉 愿望和状态的某些动词如 have be hear see like 等词一般不用进行时 有些动词形式上是主动结构 但表示被动的意思 常见的有可和 well easily 等副词连用的不及物动词 sell wash write read clean cook 等 例如 The cloth washes well 这布很禁洗 The new product sells well 这新产品很畅销 The pen writes well 这支笔很好写 在动词 arrange command demand desire insist order propose request require suggest 等后面的宾语从句中用 should 动词原形 虚拟语气 例如 We suggested that we should have a meeting We insisted that they should go with us The doctor ordered that she should stay in bed for a few days He demanded that we should start right away 作 advice idea order demand plan proposal suggestion request 等名词的表语从句和同位语 从句 其谓语动词要用虚拟语气的结构 should 动词原形 例如 We all agreed to his suggestion that we should go to Beijing for sightseeing My idea is that we should do exercises first 在 feel hear notice observe see watch have let make 等词后的补足语中 不定式不带 to 但是这些句子如果变成被动结构时 就必须带 to 例如 I often hear him sing the song He is often heard to sing the song 用心 爱心 专心3 注意 不定式动词在介词 but except besides 后面时 如果这些介词之前有行为动词 do 的各种形式 那么 这些介词后的不定式不带 to 否则要带 to 如 She could do nothing but cry What do you like to do besides swim I have no choice but to go 作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词 或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点 工具等 不定 式后面须有相应的介词 例如 He is looking for a room to live in There is nothing to worry about Please give me a knife to cut with There It is no use good not any use good useless doing sth 动词后可以用动名词作宾语 但不能用不定式 admit appreciate avoid consider delay enjoy escape excuse feel like finish forgive give up imagine include keep mention mind miss practise put off resist risk suggest can t help can t stand 无法忍受 等 I tried not to go there 我设法不去那里 I tried doing it again 我试着又干了一次 mean to do 有意 mean doing 意味着 I mean to come early today 我打算今天早些来 Missing the train means waiting for another hour 误了这趟火车意味着再等一个小时 allow advise forbid permit We don t allow smoking here We don t allow students to smoke 动词 need require want 作 需要 解 其后跟动词作它的宾语时 若表示的含义是被动的 必须用动名 词 或不定式的被动式 例如 The window needs requires wants cleaning to be cleaned 在短语 devote to look forward to pay attention to stick to be used to object to thank you for excuse me for 等后的动词也必须用动名词形式 I look forward to hearing from you soon Badly polluted the water cannot be drunk 原因 Being written in haste the composition is full of mistakes 原因 强调写的过程 故应用现在分词一般被动式 Having been deserted by his guide he couldn t find his way through the jungle 为了强调已完成的动作 Asked to stay I couldn t very well refuse 这里 asked 可能意味着 having been asked 也可能意味着 when since I was asked 但用了 having been asked 就不会有歧义 下面句中过去分词表示的时间与谓语动词所表示的时间相同 所以不能代之以强调先于谓语动词的现在 分词完成被动式 例如 Covered with confusion I left the room 我很窘地离开了房间 United we stand divided we fall 团结则存 分裂则亡 He used to live in London use d n t he didn t he There used to be a cinema here before the war use d n t there didn t there Such things ought not to be allowed ought they He ought to be punished oughtn t he 但在正式文体中 用 ought we not 形式 例如 用心 爱心 专心4 We ought to go ought we not 或 We ought to go should we not 含有情态动词 must 的句子表示推则 作 想必 解时 疑问部分不可用 mustn t 若前句强调对现在情况 的推测 疑问部分用 aren t isn t 十主语 例如 You must be tired aren t you 若陈述部分的 must 表示 有必要 时 附加疑问句部分则用 needn t 例如 You must go home right now needn t you 当 mustn t 表示禁止时 附加疑问部分一般用 must 如 You mustn t walk on grass must you 前句谓语动词是 must have 过去分词时 若前句强调对过去情况的推测 一般有过去时间状语 疑问部分 的谓语动词用 didn t 主语 若前句强调动作的完成 疑问部分的谓语动词用 haven t hasn t 主语 例如 He must have met her yesterday didn t he You must have seen the film haven t you 陈述句谓语部分出现否定词缀时 前缀或后缀 疑问部分仍用否定结构 例如 He is unfit for his office isn t h