2017中考英语复习教学案语法专项1名词

第一部分第一部分 语法专项语法专项 一 一 名词名词 考纲分析考纲分析 1 中考考纲 1 可数名词及其单复数 2 不可数名词 3 专有名词 4 名词所有格 2 近 5 年中考名词的考点及分值分布 年份题型分值考查内容 单项选择1可数名词 sheep 完形填空2可数名词 restaurant 不可数名词 trouble2012 年 短文填空1不可数名词 homework 单项选择1不可数名词 chicken 鸡肉 完形填空2可数名词 coach 不可数名词 biscuit2013 年 短文填空4 5专有名词 June 可数名词 不可数名词 river water once 单项选择1可数所有格 Women s 完形填空2可数名词 bird face2014 年 短文填空1 5可数名词 restaurant 单项选择1可数名词 不可数名词 symbol culture 完形填空2不可数名词 advice happiness2015 年 短文填空1 5不可数名词 interest 名胜 单项选择1不可数名词 glass 玻璃 完形填空2不可数名词 success money2016 年 短文填空1 5可数名词 feet 自主学习自主学习 一 把下列名词分类 并说明基本用法 bag news weather music apple job work student rice bread juice game house English meal money monkey salt grass advice week beef information idea sheep 不可数名词有 不可数名词的基本用法 没有 形式 不可以与 连用 可数名词有 可数名词的基本用法 有 形式 可以与 连用 二 写出下列名词的复数形式 1 clock map 2 brush watch 3 piano tomato 4 factory monkey 5 knife leaf 6 man German 7 Chinese sheep 8 child foot 三 把下列短语译成英语 1 三杯牛奶 2 一块面包 3 许多建议 4 许多德国人 5 六个男学生 6 五个女老师 7 LiLei 的帽子 8 学生们的桌子 9 妇女节 10 教师节 11 儿童节 12 Lucy 和 Lily 共有的单车 13 Lucy 和 Tom 各自的单车 14 8 天的假期 答案 一 略 二 1 clocks maps 2 brushes watches 3 pianos tomatoes 4 factories monkeys 5 knives leaves 6 men Germans 7 Chinese sheep 8 children feet 三 1 three cups of milk 2 a piece of bread 3 much a lot of lots of advice 4 many Germans 5 six boy students 6 five women teachers 7 Lilei s hat 8 students desks 9 Women s Day 10 Teachers Day 11 Children s Day 12 Lucy and Lily s bike 13 Lucy s and Tom s bikes 14 eight days holiday an eight day holiday 教师教师点拨点拨 名词的种类名词的种类 专有名词普通名词 可数名词不可数名词国名 地名 人名 团体 机构名称个体名词 集体名词抽象名词 物质名词 考点考点 1 1 可数名词可数名词 一 基本用法 1 可数名词后可以加 s 或 es 构成复数形式 用于表达超过 一个 的数的概念 2 只与可数名词复数连用的单词 few 几乎没有 a few 一些 many a great many 许 多 3 既能与可数名词连用也能与不可数名词连用的单词 some any a lot of lots of plenty of 例如 There is some a lot of milk in the bottle There are some a lot of flowers in the garden 二 名词单复数规则变化 规规 律律例例 词词 一般在词尾直接加 sbook books chair chairs 以 s x o sh ch 结尾的单词通常在词尾 加 es class classes box boxes brush brushes watch watches 以辅音字母 y 结尾的词 把 y 改 i 再加 es 但以元音 y 结尾的词 则直接在词尾加 s family families factory factories key keys monkey monkeys 以 o 结尾的词 有生命的名词加 es 但无生命名词则直接加 s 如 potato potatoes tomato tomatoes hero heroes radio radios zoo zoos 以 f 或 fe 结尾的词 改 f 或 fe 为 v 加 esleaf leaves thief thieves 三 名词复数的不规则变化 规律例词 变中间的元音字母man men woman women foot feet tooth teeth child children mouse mice 表示 某国人 的名词单复变化 记忆口决 中日不变英法变 其余记忆口决 中日不变英法变 其余 s 加后面 加后面 Chinese Chinese Japanese Japanese Frenchman Frenchmen Englishman Englishmen German Germans American Americans Indian Indians Australian Australians 单复数一样的名词Chinese and Japanese 吃吃 sheep deer and fish 如 a Chinese two Chinese a sheep many sheep 有的名词只有复数形式people police clothes trousers pants jeans scissors shorts 有的名词即可表整体 也可表成员family class team group 由两个名词组成的名词词组 通常 只变后面一个名词为复数 注意 但如果前面名词是但如果前面名词是 man 或或 woman 时 则两个名词都要变成复数时 则两个名词都要变成复数 an apple tree two apple trees a girl student many girl students a man teacher some men teachers a woman doctor ten women teachers 课堂检测课堂检测 1 When Peter comes please ask him to leave a A notice B message C sentence D information 2 If you work harder you ll have another to play the violin at a concert A sleep B chance C mistake D problem 3 Lily could you please pass me the I want to cut the apple Sure here you are A pen B pencil C book D knife 4 Eating more and is good for our health A vegetables tomatoes B meat fish C vegetable potatoes D photos tomatoes 5 What a good you ve given me Thanks a lot My pleasure A information B news C suggestion D advice 考点考点 2 2 不可数名词 不可数名词 一 基本用法 1 不可数名词没有复数形式 不能与 a an 或具体数字连用 但特指某物时可以与定 冠 词 the 连用 2 要表示一定的数量时 常与 a cup of a bottle of a piece of 等量词连用 如 a cup of tea 一杯茶 two bottles of water 两瓶水 注意 区别 two boxes of chalk 与 two boxes of apples 3 只能修饰不可数名词的词有 a little 一点 little 几乎没有 much a great deal of 许 多 4 常考的不可数名词有 food drink 饮料 orange 橙汁 milk rice bread meat 肉 chicken 鸡肉 pork 猪肉 beef 牛肉 work homework news 新闻 advice 建议 information 信息 weather 天气 Chinese 汉语 knowledge 知 识 等 课堂检测课堂检测 1 After P E I often feel very thirsty Why not buy some to drink A bread B noodles C apple juice D teas 2 I want a sweet milk Put some in my cup please A ice B soup C salt D sugar 3 Good morning madam Can I help you Sure I d like A two cups of tea B three pieces of bread C one bowl of dumplings D a kilo of oil 4 Can I help you Yes I want to get some about the trip to America A news B information C help D advice 5 Your mother cooks nice I like it very much A bread B beef C eggs D dumplings 考点考点 3 3 名词所有格 名词所有格 在英语中 有生命的名词及表示时间 距离 国家 城市的名词 常在词尾加 s 表 示所属关系 叫做名词的所有格 翻译成 的 如 Tom s bike 汤姆的单车 名词的所有格例词 例句 直接在词尾加 s Kate s bag Children s Day Women s Day 以 s 结尾的名词所有格 在词尾加 Teachers Day students books 表示两人共同拥有的人或物 在后一 个人名后加 s Lucy and Lily s mother 共同的妈妈 表示两人分别拥有的人或物 则两个 人名后都要加 s Tom s and Jim s rooms 各自的房间 表某人的家 店铺 住宅 公共建筑 等地名时 所有格后面的名词常常省 略 at the doctor s 在医务室 at Tom s 在汤姆的家 表示无生命名词的所有格 用 of 表达the door of the room the color of the clothes 双重所有格 用 s 所有格 与 of 所有 格相结合 A friend of my father s a book of mine 注意 注意 但是有些表示时间 距离 重量 价值 国家和城市等无生命的名词 也可加 s 构成所 有格 如 today s newspaper 今天的报纸 eight days holiday an 8 day holiday 八 天的假期 five minutes walk a five minute walk 五分钟的步行路程 课堂检测课堂检测 1 How far is it from Tianjin to Changsha It is a flight from Tianjin to Changsha A 2 hour long B 2 hours long C 2 hours long D 2 hour long 2 Is the schoolbag under the desk yours No it s my He left it there just now A brother B brother s C brothers D brothers 3 Mr Black is a teacher of She and her classmates like him very much A my sister B my sister s C my sisters D my sisters 4 we ll have holiday What about going to Shaoshan Good idea A 3 days B 3 day s C a 3 days D 3 day 5 1 A friend of my and I are going to visit next week A father Browns B father s the Browns C father the Browns D father s Browns 易混词辨析易混词辨析 1 sound voice noise sound 声音 指耳朵能听到的各种声音 I heard the sound of the bell voice 声音 主要指人的声音 She has a beautiful voice noise 指 噪音 词组有 make a noise 等 练习 1 The made me feel annoyed I want to be in a quiet place 2 The teacher said in a loud Please keep silent 3 At the foot of the hill you could hear nothing but the of the running water 2 job work job 工作 是可数名词 work 工作 可以作名词或动词 作名词表示 工作 时是不可数的 作名词表示 著作 时是可数的 练习 1 He has lost three because he doesn t hard 2 Do you want to late We will have a for you as a waiter 3 a number of the number of a number of 表示 大量的 许多 谓语动词用复数 如 A number of persons are playing chess the number of 表示 的数量 谓语动词用单数 如 The number of people in the room is 50 练习 1 of foreign students are studying in this college 2 of American students is over 30 4 idea advice idea 表示 主意 是可数名词 如 a good idea 一个好主意 advice 表示 建议 忠告 是不可数名词 如 a piece of advice 练习 1 Can you give me some on how to learn English well 2 He has got a good to deal with his old books 5 news information message instruction news 表示 新闻 消息 是不可数名词 如 two pieces of news information 表示 信息 资料 侧重信息的价值 是不可数名词 如 some information message 表示 消息 音信 侧重信息的简短 是可数名词 常用词组 leave a message 留言 give a message to 捎口信给 instruction 表示 说明 须知 教导 是可数名词 如 some instructions 练习 1 What bad The school trip will be put off because of the sports meeting 2 I don t know how to use this machine It doesn t matter Here is the 3 Would you please give a to Li Lei He is not at school 4 Can you provide me with some about the trip 6 house family home house 表示 住宅 指的是具体的房子或建筑物 family 表示 家 家庭 也可指全体家庭成员 home 意为 家 带有眷恋等感情色彩 练习 1 I bought a new in Zhongshan 2 Tom has a big There are six people in his 3 She has been in Shenzhen for 10 years Shenzhen has become her second 7 部分单词作可数名词和不可数名词时的含义不同 room 房间 可数 空间 不可数 glass 玻璃杯 可数 玻璃 不可数 orange 橙子 可数 橙汁 不可数 chicken 小鸡 可数 鸡肉 不可数 time 次数 可数 时间 不可数 练习 1 Oh There isn t enough for us in the bus No hurry Let s wait for the next room 2 Mother wants to buy a piano in my but there is little in it room 3 How many have you been to Shanghai Never I have no time 4 These are made of glass 5 There are some and two bottles of on the desk orange 练习答案 1 noise voice sound 2 jobs work work job 3 A number The number 4 advice idea 5 news instruction message information 6 house family family home 7 room room room times time glasses glass oranges orange 课堂检测课堂检测 1 Listen Can you hear anything Yes That s the of the running water A sound B voice C noise D shout 2 There are foreign students in the university if it is 200 A the number of a number of B a number of the number of C a number of a number of D the number of the number of 3 I found a new in this city I m very busy and have a lot of to do every day A job works B work job C work jobs D job work 4 I don t know how to study English Can you give me some My are speaking more and listening more A ideas advices B advices suggestions C advice suggestions D ideas suggestion 5 She has been in Shenzhen for 10 years Shenzhen has become her second A home B family C house D room 6 I like eating so my mother keeps some every day A chickens chicken B chicken chickens C chickens chickens D chicken chicken 中考回放中考回放 1 The broken may cut into your hand if you touch it you should be careful 2016 广东省卷 A glassB glassesC candleD candles 2 Mickey mouse is one of the most famous in American 2015 广东省卷 A symbol culture B symbol cultures C symbols culture D symbols cultures 3 Katherine was excited to receive a dozen of roses from her husband on Day 2014 广东省卷 A Woman B Women C Woman s D Women s 4 Mum I ve heard that we can t eat these days Is it true Take it easy It s safe to eat cooked meat 2013 广东省卷 A chicken B chickens C a chicken D the chicken 5 The students of Grade Seven visited Mike s farm and saw many there 2012 广东省卷 A bird B duck C sheep D rabbit 真题演练真题演练 1 Why do people never cut up the on their birthdays Because they are a symbol of long life 2016东营 A eggs B cakes C noodles D dumplings 2 Great for football lovers more than 50 000 soccer schools will be built in our country by the end of 2025 2016东营 A news B message C situation D information 3 Are you sure this is a photo the famous comedy actress It surprised you didn t it But she was once really thin 2016东营 A Jia Ling B Jia Ling s C of Jia Ling D of Jia Ling s 4 What would you like to eat Some please 2016 铜仁 A bread B cake C coffee D tea 5 Are you going out with Jade tonight That s my Mind your own 2016 河南 A offer B business C question D chance 6 How far is your home from school About walk 2016 龙东 A five minute s B five minutes C five minutes D five minute 7 All the enjoyed themselves on March 8th because it was their own holiday 2016 龙垦 A men workers B women workers C woman workers D man workers 8 Lily often helps her mother do some cooking in the 2016 淮安 A kitchen B garden C bathroom D bedroom 9 Some old people need a because they feel lonely 2016 江西 A gift B stick C pet D watch 10 Yan Jiashuo a girl has won the prize of International Master of Memory Wow she s great isn t she 2016 连云港 A ten year oldB ten years oldC ten year oldD ten years old 11 It s useful for the deaf people to learn sign language Yes it s an important way of for them 2016 连云港 A suggestionB vacationC questionD communication 12 He was born in Germany but he has made China his 2016 绵阳 A familyB addressC houseD home 13 Nancy took her temperature and found she had a X 2016 青岛 A coughB toothacheC cold D fever 14 A smart phone makes a big to our life 2016 西宁 A difference B decision C progress D mistake 15 Steve Jobs was full of always coming up with new ideas which led to great changes in society 2016 苏州 A instruction B invitation C informations D invention 16 Every year many foreign friends come to see the of Tianjin such as Tianjin Eye and Haihe River 2016 天津 A concerts B plays C cartoons D sights 17 It s sports time Most students in Class 1 are playing football on the playground 2016 重庆 A boyB boys C boy sD boys 18 It s hot today Have some please No thanks I m not thirsty at all 2016 重庆 A waterB potatoesC breadD cakes 19 Tu Youyou reserved the Nobel Prize for her of anemisinin 青蒿素 And she was the first Chinese who won the prize in science 2016 咸宁 A design B thought C invention D discovery 20 How far is it from Beijing to Haikou It s a flight from Beijing to Haikou 2015 黑龙江 A 3 hour long B 3 hours long C 3 hours long D 3 hours long 21 How can I get some about the 2016 Olympic Games Why not search the Inte