2013高考英语二轮复习讲义 阅读理解及训练07 科普知识

1 20132013 高考英语二轮复习讲义 阅读理解 及训练高考英语二轮复习讲义 阅读理解 及训练 0707 科普知识科普知识 答 答 案 案 小试牛刀小试牛刀 阅读理解阅读理解 It happened to me recently that I was telling someone how much I had enjoyed reading Barack Obama s Dreams From My Father and how it had changed my views of the current US President The person I was talking to agreed with me that it was in his words a wonderfully written book However he then proceeded to talk about Mr Obama in a way that suggested he had no idea of his background at all I sensed that I was talking to a book liar And it seems that he is not the only one Clearly two thirds of people have lied about reading a book which they haven t In The World Book Day survey Dreams From My Father is at number 9 The survey lists top ten books and various authors which people have lied about reading As I m not one to lie too often I ll admit here and now that I haven t read the entire ten books But I am pleased to say that I have read the book at number one George Orwell s 1984 I think it s absolutely outstanding Asked why they lied the most common reason was to impress someone they were speaking to This could be difficult if the conversation became more in depth The World Book Day survey also has some other interesting information in it It shows that many people lie about having read classical works by Jane Austen the Bronte sisters Charles Dickens and so on But when asked which authors they actually enjoy they named JK Rowling Jilly Cooper and Stephen King ah the big sellers in other words Forty one percent of people asked admitted they turned to the back of the book to read the end before finishing the story So which books have you lied about reading if any and which is your favourite 56 The main reason why people lie about reading is to A make fun of the listener B impress the listener 2 C please the listener D interest the listener 57 The underlined word proceeded in the passage probably means A wanted B happened C continued D stopped 58 What does The World Book Day survey show A Nearly half of the people surveryed didn t read through a whole classical book B People don t like Dreams From My Father and George Orwell s 1984 C Few people lie about having read classical works by Jane Austen D People usually enjoy reading books by Charles Dickens 59 What is the best title for the passage A Are You A Book Liar B Readers Are All Liars C World Book Day D Dreams From My Father 56 59 BCAA 结束 考点定位考点定位 20132013 考纲解读和近几年考点分布考纲解读和近几年考点分布 高考对说明文的考查多为科普说明文 它是阅读理解重要内容 也是高考考查难点 科普类 阅读理解 题愈来愈受到命题者的青睐 而科普类文章往往具有跨学科 行文逻辑性 强等特点 要求考生能从文章的整体逻辑以及重要细节上全面把握 试题特点 注重学科渗透 行文逻辑性强 内容抽象 贴近学生的学习 生活实际 有利于激发学生的思维 对选拔优秀考生有一定的作用 能全面地考查学生的综合阅读能力和运用所学知识去分析 解决实际问题的能力 3 4 科学方法图示判断题 科普说明文常出现科学方法图示判断题 这种试题或以生物依赖关系为命题题点 要求考生 判断正确的生物依赖关系 或以工艺流程为命题题点 要求考生判断正确的流程顺序 或以 生产方法为命题题点 要求考生判断正确的生产方法 或以机械配制为命题题点 要求考生 判断正确的机械配制 解题时一定要认真阅读分析原文对生物依赖关系 发明创造诞生过程 和工艺流程过程的介绍 并且边读边画简易草图 以提高理解准确率 分析备选项时应对照 原文介绍情况 找出各图不同之处 以便最终做出正确判断 考点考点 pk pk 名师考点透析名师考点透析 考点一 细节事实理解 考点一 细节事实理解 一篇文章必然是由许多具体的细节 具体的内容构成的 所有这些信息以某种顺序 时间 空间 情感变化等 排列起来 来进一步解释或阐释主题 体现文章的主旨大意 细节理解题目主要考查学生对文章具体事实和细节的理解能力 属于表层理解题范畴 难 度较小 但在整个阅读理解题中所占比例最大 细节理解题多从文章的某个具体事实或细节 出发来设计题目 此类题通常根据文章具体内容来设问 也常使用下列方式来提问 1 Which of the following statements is not true correct 2 Which of the following is not mentioned 3 All of the following are true except 4 According to the passage when where why how how what which etc 1 1 直接事实题直接事实题 在解答这类问题时要求学生抓住题干文字信息 采用针对性方法进行阅读 因为这类题 的答案在文章中可以直接找到 如 A giant dam was built many years ago to control the Colorado River in the U S This dam was built to protect the land and houses around the river This huge dam is in the Black Canyon It is possible to drive a car from one side of the river to the other on a road which is on the top of the dam This 4 dam is so big that there is an elevator inside The elevator goes down forty four stories from the road to the bottom There is enough concrete in this dam to build a highway from New York to San Francisco Thousands of people worked on this dam for five years This huge dam was called Boulder Dam when it was finished in 1936 Later it was renamed Hoover Dam in honor of a president of the United States Hoover Dam one of the highest dams in the world is situated between the states of Arizona and Nevada Q Hoover Dam lies A between Arizona and Nevada B in the Black Canyon C between New York and San Francisco D both A and B 解析解析 由第二段的第一句话和最后一段的最后一句话可得出正确答案是 D 项 2 2 间接事实题间接事实题 解答此类题 需要结合上下文提供的语境和信息进行简单的概括和判断或者要进行简单 的计算 Invited by Mr Ye Huixian host of the well received TV programme Stars Tonight Miss Luo Lin Miss Asia of 1991 appeared as the guest hostess on the Shanghai TV screen last Sunday Born in Shanghai and taken to Hongkong when she was only six years old Luo Lin has never dreamed of being Miss Asia Her childhood dream was to be an air hostess Before she took part in the competition she had been an airhostess in Cathay Airline for seven years However it still took her three months to learn the art of walking on the stage dancing singing making up and other proper manners designed by the Asia TV Station It s really a hard job for me I won t enter for such competition any more Anyhow I am quite lucky I am also glad to have had more chance to work for the social welfare since I won the title This time in Shanghai I d love to make a deep impression on my TV audience said Luo Lin with a sweet smile Q Which of the following is NOT true A Luo Lin is a native of Shanghai B Luo Lin moved to Hongkong with her parents C Luo Lin won the title of Miss Asia in 1991 D Asia TV Station helped Luo Lin to become Miss Asia 解析解析 A C 和 D 项都可在原文找到答案 而 B 项原文所给的是 taken to Hongkong 可判断不是 moved to Hongkong with her parents 因此选 B 3 3 数据推算 数据推算 If you register both the VIEW qualification course and the Forum at the same time you will save 5 二 此类题的设问方式二 此类题的设问方式 1 What would be the best title for the text 2 What does the second paragraph mainly discuss 3 What is the passage mainly about 4 The main purpose of announcing the above events is 考点三 推理推断 考点三 推理推断 推理题要求考生根据文章提供的事实和线索进行逻辑推理 推断出作者没有提到或者没有 明说的事实或者可能发生的事实 这类题旨在考查学生透过词语的字面意义去理解作者的言 外之意或弦外之音的能力 属于深层理解题 此类题的设问常常包括 infer imply suggest conclude 等词 这类题的设问方式主要有 1 We can infer from the Passage that 2 What can be inferred from the Passage 3 Which of the following can be inferred from the Passage 4 It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that 5 The author suggests in this paragraph that 6 The writer implies that 7 It can be inferred that 8 It can be concluded from the Passage that 9 On the whole we can conclude that 10 From the text we can conclude that 11 After reading the Passage we may conclude that 12 What conclusion can be drawn from the Passage 13 The author is inclined to think that 14 When the writer talks about what he really means is that 15 What s the writer s attitude feeling towards 16 In the writer s opinion 6 考点四 词义 句义猜测 考点四 词义 句义猜测 词义猜测阅读理解题考查对文中关键词语的理解 在阅读理解题中 所考查的词或短语的 意义往往不停留在字面上 要根据语境来判断 此类题的设问方式主要有此类题的设问方式主要有 1 The word in Line means can be replaced by 2 As used in the passage the phrase suggests 3 From the passage we can infer that the word phrase is referred to 4 The word is closest in meaning to 猜词是应用英语的重要能力 也是 高考中常用的题型 它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文 而且要有较大的泛读量 掌握或认 识较多的课外词汇 我们要学会 顺藤摸瓜 通过构词 语法 定义 同位 对比 因果 常识 上下文等线索确定词义 1 定义法 如 Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly 句子给予 annealing 以明确的定义 即 退火 It will be very hard but also very brittle that is it will break easily 从后面的解释中我们可以了解到 brittle 是 脆 的意思 The herdsman who looks after sheep earns about