【北师大版】高中英语一轮复习讲练精品：Part-II-语法部分-专题12--主谓一致

专题十二专题十二 主主 谓谓 一一 致致 谓语受主语支配 须和主语在人称和数上保持一致 这被称为主谓一致 但是如果主语不 是单一的 或主语名词的数比较特殊时 其主谓一致一般要根据语法一致遵循三条原则 语法一致原则 意义一致原则和邻近一致原则 一 语法一致原则 一般来说 语法形式是单数的主语 谓语动词用单数形式 语法形式是复数的主语 谓语 动词用复数形式 The number of errors was surprising 错误之多是惊人的 They often play football on the playground 他们经常在操场上踢足球 二 意义一致原则 主 谓语的一致不是根据其外部语法形态来决定 而是 取决于主语所表达的内在含义 主语形式虽为单数 但在意义上却为复数 谓语动词应采 用复数形式 主语形式虽为复数 但在意义上视为单数 谓语动词应采用单数形式 The crowd were fighting for their lives 这些人正为生存而战斗 Three years in a strange land seems like a long time 在异乡生活的三年 仿佛是很长的时间 一 谓语动词为单数的情况 1 由 and 连接的并列成分指的是同一概念 兼具身份或匹配出现 The worker and writer is from Wuhan 那个工人兼作家来自武汉 比较 The worker and the writer are from Beijing 那位工人和那位作家来自北京 Bread and butter is a daily food in the West 黄油面包是西方的日常饮食 2 every and every each and each no and no many a and many a 连接两个单数名词作主语 Every desk and every chair is made of wood 桌子和椅子都是木头做的 Many a student has been to Shanghai 许多学生到过上海 3 one every one each either the number of 复数名词作主语 Each boy and each girl has got a seat 每个男孩和女孩都有一个座位 Every man and every woman is at work 每个男人和女人都在工作 4 clothing furniture traffic jewellery baggage equipment luggage 等无生命的集合名词作 主语 Clothing is badly needed in this flooded area 洪水灾区急需衣物 5 以 s 结尾的词 但表示学科 国家 机构 书籍 报刊等名称作主语 6 表示时间 距离 金钱 等复数名词作主语 表达一个整体概念时 Twenty years has passed since he left his hometown 他离开家乡已经二十年了 7 由 any some no 和 one thing body 等所构成的不定代词作主语 8 非谓语动词 名词性从句作主语 Collecting stamps is what he likes 他很喜欢集邮 9 单数名词 抽象名词 物质名词作主语 二 谓语动词为复数的情况 1 由 and 连接的两个并列成分表示两个不同的概念 Both bread and butter are sold out 面包和黄油都已卖完了 2 people police cattle 等有生命的集体名词作主语 The police are looking for the missing child 警察正在寻找失踪的孩子 3 goods stairs arms 等名词作主语 4 由山脉 群岛 瀑布 运动会等 s 结尾的专有名词作主语 The Olympic Games are held once every four years 奥运会每四年举办一次 5 a number of quantities of a group of 名词作主语 三 谓语动词单 复数视情况而定 1 class family army team club population enemy party crowd crew audience public government 等集体名词作主语 强调整体用单数 指各个成员用复数 His family is a great one His family are music lovers 他有个大家庭 他的家人都喜欢音乐 2 means 方法 works 工厂 pains 辛苦 series 系列 species 物种 等词 根据主语表达 的概念而定 Not every means is useful Not all means are useful 并非每种方法都有效 并非所有的方法 都有效 3 all none some any 等不定代词作主语 根据其指代的内容而定 All are present All the food tastes good 所有人都在场 这些东西尝起来都很好 4 half most enough part the rest the last lots plenty 分数 百分数 of 名词 作主语 谓语动词要和 of 之后的名词的单复数保持一致 Half of the students have finished their composition Half of the apple is bad 一半学生完成了 作文 这苹果一半都坏了 三 就近原则 谓语动词根据和它最邻近的名词或代词或其他词的数的形式来决定其自身的数的形式 1 由 or either or neither nor not only but also 等连接的并列主语 谓语动词常和靠近的 作主语的名词单复数上保持一致 Not only he but also I am invited 我和他都受邀请了 Neither the children nor the teacher knows anything about it 学生和老师都对此一无所知 但注意 with along with together with including but except like among as well as no more than besides rather than 名词 置于主语后 谓语和前面的名词在单复数上保持一 致 The teacher with a number of students is in the classroom 学生们和一位老师在教室呢 2 在由 there 或 here 引起的句子及倒装句中 There is a pen and two books on the desk 桌子上有一支笔和两本书 There are two books some paper and a pen on the desk 桌子上有两本书 一些纸和一支钢笔 四 其他注意事项 肯定与否定一致 下列形容词 副词 代词从肯定句变成否定句时须作相应的变化 We ve had some money We haven t had any money I was talking to someone I wasn t talking to anyone They sometimes visit us They rarely never seldom visit us He has arrived already He hasn t arrived yet Li is coming too Li isn t coming either Both of us are going Neither of us are going He likes both of them He doesn t like either of them so neither 助动词 名词 代词结构中须用倒装语序 My wife likes classical music very much and so do I She doesn t like jazz and neither do I 分析近五年来的高考题可以发现 高考对主谓一致的考查几乎每年都有所涉及 但题量不 大 其因为是这项语法用法比较固定 单纯 要理清主谓一致的 三大原则 记住这些用 法就能很好地把这项语法学会 当然高考命题多以特殊点为切入点 要注意三大原则里边 的一些变化 尤其注意 主语从句作主语时谓语的确定 主语 as well as with together with along with rather than but except besides 等词时的主谓一致 定语从句中谓语动词的 数与定语从句所修饰的名词或代词的数保持一致 高考真题探究 高考真题探究 2006 2011 年 年 2011 安徽卷 27 The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials the rest of which saved for other purposes A is B are C was D were 答案 D 考点 考查主谓一致和时态 解析 定语从句中先行词是 the raw materials 故定语从句应与先行词数的一致 用复数 上文时态为过去式 故选 D 句意为 工厂用了这种原材料的 65 剩余部分节省出来作 他用 2011 湖南卷 26 One third of the country covered with trees and the majority of the citizens black people A is are B is is C are are D are is 答案 A 考点 考查主谓一致 解析 整个国家为整体 三分之一的部分当然也应用单数 而 the majority of citizens 主 要指人 是可数名词 此时的谓语动词用复数 表示 大多数 大部分 10 全国 Barbara is easy to recognize as she s the only one of the women who evening dress A wear B wears C has worn D have worn 答案 B 考点 考查主谓一致和时态 解析 首先 the only one of 为先行词时 定语从句修饰的是 one 即 one 是主语 而非 后面的复数 women 根据主谓一致的原则 谓语动词应该用复数 排除 A D 另外 从 is 可以看出句子是要表示一种习惯 因此要用一般现在时 排除 C 故选 A 10 湖南 Listening to loud music at rock concerts caused hearing loss in some teenagers A is B are C has D have 答案 C 考点 主谓一致 解析 根据动名词短语作主语 句子的谓语动词用单数形式 由此排除 B D 两项 根据 主语与 caused 的主动关系 排除 A 项 10 四川 Such poets as Shakespeare widely read of whose works however some difficult to understand A are are B is is C are is D is are 答案 A 考点 考查主谓一致 解析 主句中的主语应为 poets 谓语动词用复数 其后的非限制性定语从句的主语应为 some of whose works 谓语动词也应是复数 故选 A 09 山东 The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities rising steadily since1990 A is B are C has been D have been 答案 C 考点 本题考查主谓一致和时态 解析 主语是 the number 故谓语动词用单数 又因时间状语是 since 1997 所以用完成时 态 09 四川 The teacher together with the students discussing Reading Skills that newly published in America A are were B is were C are was D is was 答案 B 考点 考查主谓一致 解析 A together with B 作主语时谓语动词与 A 的单复数保持一致 第二空为定语从句 that 指代 Reading Skills 由于 Reading Skills 是书名所以谓语动词用单数 09 湖南 Either you or one of your students to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow A are B is C have D be 答案 B 考点 主谓一致的用法 解析 Either or 连接两个主语 按就近原则来确定谓语的单复数 One of your students 谓语应用单数形式 09 陕西 Dr Smith together with his wife and daughters visit Beijing this summer A is going to B are going to C was going to D were going to 答案 A 考点 考查动词时态和主谓一致 解析 主语中心词是 Dr Smith 表单数 谓语动词用单数形式 时间状语是 this summer 表计划性的将来 故时态用一般将来时 选 A 09 江西 According to statistics a man is more than twice as likely to die of skin cancer a woman A than B such C so D as 答案 D 考点 本题考查比较级的结构 解析 as as 注意句中的 more than 只是修饰 twice 09 辽宁 Peter s jacket looked just the same as Jack s but it cost his A as much twice as B twice as much as C much as twice as D as twice much as 答案 B 考点 考查 as as 同级比较前的修饰语位置 解析 twice 应该放在第一个 as 之前 选 B 符合 08 陕西 Did you go to the show last night Yeah Every boy and girl in the areainvited A were B have been C has been D was 答案 D 考点 本题考查主谓一致 解析 主语是 every boy and girl 表示单数概念 故谓语动词用单数 且询问昨晚的情况 有明确的过去时间 所以应选择 was 07 江西 A survey of the opinions of expertsthat three hours of outdoor exercise a week good for one s health A show are B shows is C show is D shows are 答案 B 考点 本题考查主谓一致 解析 由 a survey 可知第一个空用 shows 首先排除 A C 两项 第二个空前的时间 three hours of outdoor exercise a week 表示抽象概念 看作单数 故其谓语动词用单数形式 07 湖南 We live day by day but in the great things the time of days and weeksso small that a day is unimportant A is B are C has been D have been 答案 A 考点 本题考查主谓一致 解析 句意为 几天和几周的时间是如此的渺小 以致于一天根本微不足道 本句用 来陈述事实 用一般现在时态 空白处所在句子的主语是 the time 谓语动词应用单数形式 07 陕西 As a result of the serious flood two thirds of the buildings in the area A need repairingB needs to repair C needs repairingD need to repair 答案 A 考点 本题考查主谓一致和非谓语动词 解析 分数 百分数修饰名词 谓语动词的单复数取决于名词 此处 two thirds 修饰 buildings 故谓语动词取决于名词复数 buildings 排除 B C 两项 need doing need to be done 意为 需要被做 07 上海 A survey of the opinions of experts that three hours of outdoor exercise a week good for one s health A show are B shows is C show is D shows are 答案 B 考点 本题考查主谓一致 解析 由 a survey 可知第一个空用 shows 首先排除 A C 两项 第二个空前的时间 three hours of outdoor exercise a week 表示抽象概念 看作单数 故其谓语动词用单数形式 07 浙江 Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture but when and where yet A hasn t been decided B haven t decided C isn t being decided D aren t decided 答案 A 考点 本题考查主谓一致及动词的时态 解析 根据句意 此处应用被动语态 不用主动语态 故排除 B 又因为 when and where 表示单数意义 故排除 D 再根据句末的 yet 可知 最好用现在完成时 故选 A 最佳 07 浙江 It is reported that the floods have left aboutpeople homeless A two thousandB two thousands C two thousandsD two thousands of 答案 A 考点 本题考查数词的用法 解析 hundred thousand million billion dozen score 等指具体数字时 不用复数形式 指 大约数字时 常用复数形式 如 one hundred two thousand three million hundreds thousands millions billions dozens scores of 06 北京 She went to the bookstore and bought A dozen books B dozens books C dozen of books D dozens of books 答案 D 考点 本题考查 dozen 的用法 解析 dozen 意为 一打 十二个 与数词连用时要用单数形式 与 of 连用时要用复数 形式 dozens of 意为 若干 许许多多 dozen 与数词或 many several 连用时其后不加 s dozen 前有基数词表示确切数字时 其后一般不与 of 连用 06 浙江 The company had about 20 notebook computers but only one thirdused regularly Now we have 60 working all day long A is B are C was D were 答案 D 考点 本题考查主谓一致及动词的时态 解析 当分数 百分数作主语时 要根据其后面的名词来决定其谓语动词的单复数 此 处 one third 应是 one third of the notebook computers 的省略形式 因此谓语动词用复数 且 句子的时态用了过去时 所以 D 项正确 06 安徽 Most of what has been said about the Smithsalso true of the Johnsons A are B is C being D to be 答案 B 考点 此题考查主谓一致的用法 解析 名词性从句作主语时谓语动词用单数形式 另外句中 be true of 意为 对 也适 应 06 江苏 A poet and artist coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon A is B are C was D were 答案 A 考点 此题考查主谓一致的用法 解析 由时间状语 tomorrow afternoon 判断 此处应用现在进行时表将来 故排除 C D 两项 a poet and artist 指一位诗人兼画家 谓语动词用单数 故选 A 项 06 辽宁 The father as well as his three children skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter A is going B go C goes D are going 答案 C 考点 此题考查主谓一致的用法 解析 从语法讲解的角度来看 主语 The father 是单数概念 尽管后面跟有 as well as his three children 谓语动词仍要用单数形式 every Sunday afternoon in winter 暗示该空表示经常 性 习惯性动作 因此应用一般现在时 从命题方式的角度看 此题学生易弄混淆主语为 his three children 而出错 在主语后添加 his three children 容易误导学生对主语的判断 模拟试题探究模拟试题探究 1 2010 浙江慈溪中学月考 The atmosphere is as much a part of the earth as its soil and water of its lakes rivers and oceans A has B do C is D are 答案与解析 D as 后引导的句子主语为 its soil and water of its lakes rivers and oceans 故须用复数 又因 as 前的句子用的是动词 is 可以推出应用一般现在时 2 2010 河南驻马店高中摸底考试 Either you or one of your students to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow A are B is C have D be 答案与解析 B either or 句型中动词单复数形式采取就近原则 3 2010 湖南浏阳一中月考 Several department stores including the one we usually go to sidewalk sales this week Let s go and have a look A is having B are having C has D have had 答案与解析 B including the one we usually go to 是插入语 句子真正的主语为 several department stores 故动词应用复数形式 且对话时态为一般现在时 4 2010 江西九江一中月考 Butter and bread their daily food but the bread and the butter up now A is is eaten B are have been eaten C are are eaten D is have been eaten 答案与解析 D 句子前半句将 butter and bread 看做一个整体 意为 黄油面包 故 第 1 空用 is 后半句由于 bread 与 butter 前均加了定冠词 the 故应看做两个个体 且由后 文 up now 的提示 应用一般完成时 5 2010 辽宁抚顺一中月考 An average of 200 letters a week received by the newspaper s offer Such the case with us at present A are is B has been has been C have been is D is ar 答案与解析 A 第 1 句的主语为 an average of 200 letters 故谓语动词用复数形式 第 2 句中 such 指代的是每周平均收到 200 封信这个事实 故谓语动词应用单数形式 且文 中时态并没有过去时作为参照 故应用一般现在时 6 2010 江苏扬州中学月考 Britain many other industrialized countries major changes over the last 100 years A together with have experienced B as well as have experienced C in common with has experienced D instead of has experienced 答案与解析 C in common with 和 一样 与其后的名词是插入语 真正的主语 为 Britain 故其后的谓语动词应用单数形式 together with 与 as well as 虽意义也符合 但 和 in common with 一样 也只能作插入语 所以其后的谓语动词也应用单数形式 故排除 A B 两项 D 项 instead of 与题意不符 7 2010 吉林实验中学一模 We all feel it is Jack as well as his wife that for their son s bad behaviour at school A are to blame B is to be blamed C are to be blamed D is to blame 答案与解析 D that 引导主语从句 指代上文中的主语 而前半句的实际为 Jack as well as his wife 为插入语 故谓语动词用单数形式 而 blame 用法为主动形式表被动含义 8 2010 吉林东北师大附中摸底 We d like a double room please I m sorry but all but two single rooms with sea view A have been reserved B has been reserved C were reserved D has reserved 答案与解析 A 答句的主语为 all 指代 rooms 故谓语动词应用复数形式 且 all 与 reserve 之间为动宾关系 应用被动语态 9 2010 江西师大附中月考 So far a series of problems brought about by this decision A have B has C have been D has been 答案与解析 D 由于 problems 前加了 a series of 故主语为单数 谓语动词应用单数 形式 由于 bring 与 the decision 之间为动宾关系 10 2010 山西太原五中月考 The sheep farmer used their dog to the cattle that eating the grass here and there A drive up was B pick up were C round up was D round up were 答案与解析