一般现在时的用法

一般现在时的用法一般现在时的用法 1 表示经常的或习惯性的动作 常与表示频度的副词连用 常用的频度副词有 always often usually seldom never 频度副词在句中通常放在行为动词之前 系动词 助动词之后 例如 He often goes swimming in summer 他夏天经常游泳 I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning 每天早上我七点离开家 2 表示现在的状态 例如 My father is at work He is very busy 我父亲在工作 他很忙 The boy is twelve 这男孩十二岁 3 表示主语具备的性格 特征和能力等 例如 All my family love football 我全家人都喜欢足球 My sister is always ready to help others 我妹妹总是乐于助人 Ann writes good English but does not speak well 安英语写得不错 讲的可不行 4 表示客观真理 客观存在 自然现象 例如 The earth moves around the sun 地球绕太阳转动 Shanghai lies in the east of China 上海位于中国东部 5 表示按计划或安排好的 或将要发生的动作 可用一般现在时表将来 但只限于 start begin leave go come arrive return take place 等 例如 The train leaves at six tomorrow morning 火车明天上午六点开 He comes back tonight 他今晚回来 6 在复合句中 当主句是一般将来时 时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现 在时来表示将来要发生的动作 例如 I ll tell him the news when he comes back 他回来时 我将告诉他这个消息 If you take the job they will talk with you in greater details 如果你接受这份工作 他们将和你谈谈细节 巩固练习 巩固练习 1 Lucy likes going skating with her friends 改写成否定句 2 Aunt Li s son has ten toy bears 对划线部分提问 3 His watch costs 300 yuan 变成一般疑问句并否定回答 4 I like being a nurse for the old 变成一般疑问句 5 张叔叔每天乘坐地铁上班 6 我们每周日常花三小时在图书馆看书 7 我爷爷常常晚饭后出去散步 英语的动词时态这一语法现象与我们母语的语法差别较大 学起来也较乏味 如何教学这 些语法 从而使学生更好 更有效地掌握它们 是经常困扰教师的问题 笔者在教学实践 中进行了努力的尝试和探索 并依据信息加工的学习理论 总结出较为行之有效的 三元 教学法 从 标志 信息输入着眼 经过 概念 思维加工 达成 结构 形式输出 从而使师生 摆脱枯燥的时态教学 掌握动词时态的规律 形成有效的语法教学策略 一 从 概念 结构 标志 三个方面把握动词时态 概念 结构 标志 三个方面是学习一种时态所必须把握的 三者相互联系 相互制约 共同表述一个完整的时态含义 概念 清楚地说明了一种时态的用法 对于概念的把握一定 要全面 准确 表述严密 如对于一般现在时的用法 不能只表述为 表示经常性或习 下面列举两种时态进行说明 一 一般现在时 1 概念 一般现在时的基本用法有四种 1 表示现在的状况 如 Mr Green has two children 2 表示主语所具备的性格或能力 如 Ann enjoys listening to the radio Miss White speaks Chinese very well 3 表示经常性 习惯性或反复出现的动作或状态 如 I usually rest on Sundays Mr Brown always gets up early LiLei goes to see Uncle Wang once a month 4 表示客观事实和普遍真理 如 It never snows in Australia in December Light travels faster than sound 2 结构 一般现在时的结构在一般情况下用动词原形 当主语是第三人称单数时 谓 语动词也要相应变成单数形式 其否定式 疑问式要加助动词 do 或 does 例如 Miss Gao teaches us English Does your mother work in a factory 3 标志 一般现在时常与下列表示频率的副词或短语连用 always usually often sometimes seldom never twice a week on Sundays 等 一 一般现在时 1 概念 经常 反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况 2 时间状语 Always usually often sometimes every week day year month once a week day year month on Sundays 3 基本结构 动词 原形 如主语为第三人称单数 动词上要改为第三人称 单数形式 4 否定形式 主语 am is are not 其他 此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词 则在其前加 don t 如主语为第三人称单数 则用 doesn t 同时还原行为动词 5 一般疑问句 把 be 动词放于句首 用助动词 do 提问 如主语为第三人称 单数 则用 does 同时 还原行为动词 6 例句 It seldom snows here He is always ready to help others Action speaks louder than words 编辑本段 二 一般过去时 1 概念 过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态 过去习惯性 经常性的动作 行为 2 时间状语 ago yesterday the day before yesterday last week last year night month in 1989 just now at the age of 5 one day long long ago once upon a time etc 3 基本结构 be 动词 行为动词 的过去式 4 否定形式 主语 was were not 其他 在行为动词前加 didn t 同时还原行 为动词 5 一般疑问句 was 或 were 放于句首 用助动词 do 的过去式 did 提问 同 时还原行为动词 6 例句 She often came to help us in those days I didn t know you were so busy 编辑本段 三 现在进行时 1 概念 表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为 2 时间状语 Now at this time days etc look listen 3 基本结构 主语 be doing 其他 4 否定形式 主语 be not doing 其他 5 一般疑问句 把 be 动词放于句首 6 例句 How are you feeling today He is doing well in his lessons 编辑本段 四 过去进行时 1 概念 表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作 2 时间状语 at this time yesterday at that time 或以 when 引导的谓语动词 是一般过去时的时间状语等 3 基本结构 主语 was were doing 其他 4 否定形式 主语 was were not doing 其他 5 一般疑问句 把 was 或 were 放于句首 第一个字母大写 6 例句 At that time she was working in a PLA unit When he came in I was reading a newspaper 编辑本段 五 现在完成时 1 概念 过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果 或从过去已 经开始 持续到现在的动作或状态 2 时间状语 yet already just never ever so far by now since 时间点 for 时间段 recently lately in the past few years etc 3 基本结构 主语 have has p p 过去分词 其他 4 否定形式 主语 have has not p p 过去分词 其他 5 一般疑问句 have 或 has 6 例句 I ve written an article The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years 编辑本段 六 过去完成时 1 概念 以过去某个时间为标准 在此以前发生的动作或行为 或在过去某 动作之前完成的行为 即 过去的过去 2 时间状语 Before by the end of last year term month etc 3 基本结构 主语 had p p 过去分词 其他 4 否定形式 主语 had not p p 过去分词 其他 5 一般疑问句 had 放于句首 6 例句 As soon as we got to the station the train had left By the end of last month We had reviewed four books 基本结构 主语 had p p 过去分词 其他 肯定句 主语 had p p 过去分词 其他 否定句 主语 had not p p 过去分词 其他 一般疑问句 Had 主语 p p 过去分词 其他 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词 一般疑问句 编辑本段 七 一般将来时 1 概念 表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算 计划或准备做某事 2 时间状语 Tomorrow next day week month year soon in a few minutes by the day after tomorrow etc 3 基本结构 主语 am is are going to do 其他 主语 will shall do 其 他 4 否定形式 主语 am is are not going to do 主语 will shall not do 其他 5 一般疑问句 be 放于句首 will shall 提到句首 6 例句 They are going to have a competition with us in studies It is going to rain 编辑本段 八 过去将来时 1 概念 立足于过去某一时刻 从过去看将来 常用于宾语从句中 2 时间状语 The next day morning year the following month week etc 3 基本结构 主语 was were going to do 其他 主语 would should do 其他 4 否定形式 主语 was were not going to do 主语 would should not do 5 一般疑问句 was 或 were 放于句首 would should 提到句首 6 例句 He said he would go to Beijing the next day I asked who was going there 编辑本段 九 将来完成时 1 概念 在将来某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态 2 时间状语 by the time of by the end of 时间短语 将来 by the time 从 句 将来 3 基本结构 主语 be going to will shall have p p 过去分词 其他 4 例句 By the time you get back great changes will have taken place in this area 编辑本段 十 现在完成进行时 1 概念 表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在的动作 这一动作可能刚 刚开始 也可能仍在继续 并可能延续到将来 2 基本结构 主语 have has been doing 其他 3 时间状语 since 时间点 for 时间段等 4 例子 I have been sitting here for an hour The children have been watching TV since six o clock 编辑本段 十一 一般过去时与现在完成时的转换 在现在完成时中 延续性动词能与表示一段时间的状语连用 瞬间动词却不 能 但是 可用别的表达方式 瞬间动词用于 一段时间 ago 的一般过去 时的句型中 瞬间动词可改成与之相对应的延续性动词及短语 与一段时间 连用 瞬间动词用于 It is 一段时间 since 一般过去时 的句型中 表 示 自从 以来有 时间 的意思 主句一般用 it is 来代替 It has been 瞬 间动词用于 Some time has passed since 一般过去时 的句型中 请看 A He joined the League two years ago B He has been in the League for two years C It is two years since he joined the League D Two years has passed since he joined the League 编辑本段 十二 一般现在时与现在进行时的转换 在一般现在时中 at 加上名词表示 处于某种状态 如 at work 在工作 at school 上学 上课 等 此短语可与进行时态转换 请看 Peter is at work but Mike is at play Peter is working but Mike is playing 编辑本段 十三 现在进行时与一般将来时的转换 在现在进行时态中 go come leave start arrive 等动词常与表示将来的时间 状语连用表示将要发生的动作 如 I am coming Mum 意为 我就来 妈妈 请看 The train is leaving soon The train will leave soon 二 现在完成时 1 概念 基本用法有两种 1 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果 2 表示 从过去已经开始 持续到现在的动作或状态 常与表示一段时间的状语连用 2 结构 助动词 have has 动词的过去分词 3 标志 用法 1 常与下列词语连用 already yet just ever never before recently 等 用法 2 常与 since 时间点 或 for 时间段 所构成的表示一段时间的状语连用 也可 与包括 现在 在内的表示一段时间的状语连用 如 this morning these days 等 其他几种时态不再一一列举 在平时的教学中 只要我们从上述三个方面去把握动词 时态 学生就会逐渐发现其规律 做到有章可循 主动地学习 从而变以教师为主体的讲 语法为以学生为主体的学语法 收到事半功倍的效果 二 要善于进行各种时态的用法比较 学习了几种时态以后 就容易出现混淆 错用的情况 这就要求我们要不断地将一些 时态加以比较 以便能够更好地把握其本质 其实 动词时态的比较也是以 概念 结构 标 志 三元为依据比较的 试看下面几种时态的比较 一 一般过去时与现在完成时的用法比较 1 一般过去时只单纯表示过去的动作或状态 和现在不发生联系 它可以和确定的表 示过去的时间状语连用 而现在完成时既涉及过去又联系现在 但它强调的是现在的情况 所以它不能和确定的表示过去的时间状语连用 试比较 I have posted the letter 说明现 在信不在这里 I posted the letter yesterday 只说明昨天寄信这一事实 2 有些时间状语 标志 如 this morning tonight 等 既可用于一般过去时 也可用 于现在完成时 但所表示的意义有所不同 用于现在完成时的表示 现在 在内 而用于一 般过去时则与 现在 无关 例如 I have read the book this May 讲话时仍是五月 I read the book this May 讲话时五月已过 二 一般过去时与过去完成时的用法比较 1 一般过去时表示过去某时间发生的动作或存在的状态 而过去完成时则表示在过去 某一时间或动作之前已完成的动作或状态 其标志是 过去的过去 当强调过去某一动作 发生在过去另一动作之前时 常用此时态 例如 The film had already begun when I reached the theatre 2 一般过去时与过去完成时都可以和确定的表示过去的时间状语连用 但侧重点有所 不同 试比较 They had done the work at five o clock They did the work at five o clock 第一句说明工作在五点钟已完成 并未说明是什么时候完成的 第二句说明工作是在五点 钟做的 3 在带有 before 或 after 引导的时间状语从句的复合句中 由于主 从句动作发生的 先后顺序已非常明确 所以可用一般过去时代替过去完成时 如 The train had left before I got to the station 也可以说 The train left before I got to the station 其他时态的比较 如一般现在时与现在进行时 一般过去时与过去进行时的用法比较 不再列举 时态的混合使用是以掌握好每一种时态的用法以及各时态的比较用法为基础的 在中学阶段使用较少 在此不做详谈 三 注意时态与时间不一致的特殊情况 如前所述 判断时态要从 标志 时间状语 着眼 这是一般规律 但有些情况下 时态与时间 标志 并不一致 在教学中应引起足够的重视 做到灵活使用 可视之为 特 殊标志 1 一些表示来往动作的动词 动向动词 常用进行时表示将来时 常见的这类动词有 arrive come go leave set off start 等 例如 The Browns are leaving for Paris next month 2 一般现在时有时可以表示预定的近期将发生的动作或状态 也可用来表示说话时正 在进行的动作 例如 Are you free tomorrow The train starts at 7 50 in the evening Here comes the bus There goes the bell 3 一般过去时可以表示目前非真实的情况或不能实现的愿望 即虚拟语气 例如 I wish I could fly to the moon by spaceship It s high time you went home If I were you I would go with him 4 在含有状语从句的复合句中 当主句是将来时态或是祈使句时 状语从句应用一般 现在时或现在完成时代替一般将来时 用一般过去时代替过去将来时 例如 I will go to town if it doesn t rain tomorrow He said he would come to see us if he had time Please tell him about it as soon as he comes back Are you going to play with us when you have finished your homework 5 在含有宾语从句的复合句中 主从句动词时态有如下不一致情况 1 当宾语从句表示科学真理 客观事实 格言或其他不受时间影响 限制的客观存在 的事物时 如 Long ago people didn t know that the earth moves round the sun She told hers on that practice makes perfect 2 当宾语从句用来解释 表达科技内容时 如 The teacher told us that the attraction of the earth for all bodies is called gravity 3 当宾语从句表示一种反复出现或目前习惯性动作时 如 He said he does morning exercises everyday 4 当宾语从句中谓语动词的动作在转述时仍在继续 或表示现在时刻仍存在的状态时 如 LiLei said his father is attending a meeting in Shanghai She told me the other day that she is only seventeen 6 其他从句 如比较状语从句 定语从句等不受主句时态的影响 应根据实际需要 选择适当的时态 例如 It was colder yesterday than it is today Last night I read the book which you are reading now 对于这些特殊情况 在平时的教学中 应特别注意 其实 我们也可以把上述情况视 为一种特殊的 标志 进而判断相应的时态形式 初中英语动词时态专项训练 一 用所给词的适当形式填空 1 He swimming in the river every day in summer go 2 It you are right seem 3 Look the children basketball on the playground play 4 He to the radio when I came in listen 5 It is very cold I think it rain 6 I need some paper I some for you bring 7 I can t find my pen Whoit take 8 He said that he back in five minutes come 9 I didn t meet him He when I got there leave 10 I my bike so I have to walk to school lose 11 He down and began to read his newspaper sit 12 He is not here He to the post office go 13 He is very hungry He anything for three days not eat 14 I with you if I have time go 15 We will go to the cinema if it tomorrow rain 16 I will tell her the news when she to see me next week come 17 When you the car In 1998 buy 18 We good friends since we met at school be 19 What you at five yesterday afternoon do 20 The bike is nice How much it cost 二 选择最佳答案填空 1 We ll go swimming if the weatherfine tomorrow A is B was C will be D is going to be 2 Itfive years since he has left for Beijing A was B have been C is D is going to be 3 Please don t leave the office until your friendback A came B comes C have come D will come 4 By the end of last year heabout 1500 English words A learns B learned C was learning D had learned 5 Listen Someonein the next room A cried B crying C is crying D has cried 6 You must tell him the news as soon as youhim A see B sees C will see D is seeing 7 He told me that heto see us the next day A comes B came C will come D would come 8 We can t find him anywhere Perhaps hehome A is going B went C has come D would come 9 The teacher told us that the sunbigger than the earth A is B was C has been D will be 10 Could you tell me where the railway station A was B is C will be D would be 11 Weto the Great Wall several times A go B were going C have gone D have been 12 It seemed that the old manfor something over there A looks B looked C was looking D has looked 13 He was sure that hehis wallet in the office A left B would leave C had left D has left 14 You must study hard if you want to fail the exam A won t B don t C haven t D hadn t 15 I m afraid you can t sit here Sorry Iknow A don t B won t C can t D didn t 16 As shethe newspaper Grannyasleep A read was falling B fell C was reading was falling D read fell 17 my glasses Yes I saw them on your bed a minute ago A Do you see B Had you seen C Would you see D Have you seen 18 Jim is not coming tonight But he A promises 许诺 B promised C will promise D had promised 19 What s her name I A forget B forgot C had forgotten D am forgetting 20 Youyour rurn so you ll have to wait A will miss B have missed C are missing D had missed 三 动词时态能力综合测试 1 He oftenhis clothes on Sundays A washing B washes C has washed D wash 2 I m Chinese Wherefrom A do you come B you are coming C you come D are you coming 3 Mayto school A never walks B is never walking C walk never D never is walking 4 We will start as soon as our teacher A comes B will come C come D is coming 5 How long agoplaying football A have you stopped B had you stopped C did you stop D do you stop 6 It hard when I left my house A is raining B rains C was raining D will rain 7 I think this questionto answer A easy B is easy C was easy D will easy 8 Don t talk so loudly Your father A sleeps B is sleeping C slept D had slept 9 How many people does the doctor know whoof the disease 疾病 A are dying B is dying C has died D dies 10 Imy homework now A finish B finished C have finished D had finished 11 Itten years since his father died A is B was C had been D will be 12 Hefor three years A has joined B has been in the army C joined D has served the army 13 His grandfatherfor thirty years A died B was dead C has been dead D has died 14 I from my brother for a long time A not have heard B have not heard C have heard not D do not hear 15 Maths one of the most important subjectsalways interested him A has B have C are D is 16 Did your brother go to America last year A No he did never go there B No he has never gone here C No he never was there D No he s never been there 17 He that factory since 1958 A has left B has worked in C has gone from D has come to 18 Since ten years ago great changesin China A happened B have been happened C have happened D are taken place 19 Our teacherto Beijing three times A went B had gone C has gone D has been 20 It s the third time you late this week A had arrived B arrived C have arrived D arrive 21 the film since I came here A I ve seen B I will see C I would see D I see 22 Last week Johnhis leg A felt and broken B fell and broke C feels and breaks D fallen and broken 23 Jackhis thick coat because it was snowing A puts on B put on C takes on D took on 24 Hethe picture on the wall A hanged B hung C has hanged D was hanged 25 Next monthtwenty five A has my sister B my sister will be C my sister shall have D my sister is going to be 26 Youher again in a few weeks A will see B have seen C had seen D have been seen 27 My parentsme to be a doctor A hoped B wanted C decided D withes 28 Ithard when we left A is raining B has rained C rained D was raining 29 By the end of last term weEnglish for two years A have studied B have been studied C would studied D had studied 30 She said that she there for five years A has worked B had worked C was working D worked 31 Mrs Brownin New York for three years before she went to London A lived B had lived C has lived D will live 32 When we arrived the dinner A already began B has already begun C had already begun D was just begun 33 I will go home for the holiday as soon as I my exams A will finish B finish C finishing D finished 34 When I ll talk to him A does Peter come B Peter will come C Peter comes D can Peter come 35 My sisterto see me She ll be here soon A comes B is coming C had come D came 36 They said theyour answer the next day A had heard B would hear of C would hear D will hear 37 The old man said that lightfaster than sound A went B will go C travels D will travel 38 Oh dear Xiao Hong I you in Sheyang A don t know are B didn t know were C didn t know are D don t know have been 39 Is John going away I think so He for a better job but he didn t get it A had hoped B was hoped C hoping D had hope 40 I am sure he ll come to see me before heBeijing A leave B left C will leave D leaves 41 Well here I am at last Good Iworried A was that you wouldn t be back on time B is that you would be back on time C is so you d be back on time D was whether 是否 you wouldn t be back on time 一般疑问句和特殊疑问句 1 一般疑问句的定义 对于只用 Yes 或 No 来回答的疑问句我们叫一般疑问句 2 特殊疑问句的定义 对句子当中某一部分内容的提问我们要用特殊疑问句 比如问时 间用 When 或者 what time 问地点用 where 这里我们主要学习特殊疑问句的用法 3 特殊问句的用法 特殊问句是由 疑问词 一般疑问句组成 那么在我们使用特殊 问句时 要先选好疑问词 特殊疑问词有很多 需要长期积累 例如 I want to go to sleep now 如果对 go to sleep 提问 那么我们应该问你想要做什 么 首先应选择疑问词 what 再将剩下的句子变为一般问句即可 What do you want to do 一 选择正确的单词填空 who where when 1 is that pretty girl She is my sister 2 are Jack and Tom They are behind you 3 do you go to school I go to schoo