中考英语知识点梳理

初中英语知识点梳理及操练 初三英语统一学业考试中的第五大题是通过多项选择 来考核学生对英语各个语言知识点 所掌握的情况和程度 学生在分析 判断所选词语的正误时 不但要从语法角度去考虑 而且 要从整句逻辑 习惯说法 词语不重复 用语须礼貌等各个方面去审视 这样 才能避免往往 因粗心或偏解所造成的失误 这一大题需要注意的是 在掌握英语各个语言知识点的一般规律之外 还需要注意英语各 个语言知识点的特殊规律 在英语中 有许多语法结构与词语搭配都是因人 因事 因地而各 不相同的 因此 不能像数学公式那样去生搬硬套 对于某些有特殊规律的语言知识点 学生 一定要在平时加强注意和不断积累 在这方面是没有捷径可行的 此外 在学习时还要防止只 重语感 不谙其意的片面倾向 一 冠词 冠词用在名词的前面 有定冠词 the 与不定冠词 a an 之分 定冠词表示 确指 译作 这 那 个 不定冠词表示 泛指 译作 一个 例题解析 lady over there is university teacher A A theB The anC The aD The the over there 意为 那边的 是后置定语 它表示前面名词 lady 女士 是 确指 的说法 因此要加上定冠词 the 后半句意为 一位大学教师 是泛指的说法 因此要加 上不定冠词 a 或 an 由于 university 的读音起始于辅音 j 因此要加定冠词 a 所以本题答案应该选 C He prefers playing piano to playing hockey A the the B the C D the piano 意为 钢琴 属于乐器 要求前面加定冠词 the 后半句中 hockey 意 为 曲棍球 属于球类活动 要求不加任何冠词 所以本题答案应该选 B Mr Black was made manager of our company A B a C anD the manager 表示被选的职位 前面不应加任何冠词 所以本题答案应该选 A 此外 冠词还有许多特殊的用法 1 由普通名词组成的专有名词前 要加定冠词 如 the Great Wall 长城 2 在拼音名词前 一般不加任何冠词 如 Thomas Green Changfeng Park 3 在江 河 湖 海前 即使是拼音名词 也要加定冠词 the 如 the Dongting Lake 4 一般用 单数名词加 a 复数名词不加 the 来表示 泛指 的意思 习题训练 Choose the best answer 选择最恰当的答案 用 A B C 或 D 表示 填入空格内 1 There is u in word uniform A an a B an the C a a D a the 2 sign here stands for mistake A A aB A theC The aD The the 3 We made Joyce monitor her experience A a becauseB the becauseC because ofD the because of 4 Two months ago Mr Green wrote article on Shanghai International Art Festival A theB anC aD 5 Q Is Mr White teacher of your school A Yes teacher is from Australia A a AB a TheC the TheD the A 6 Paul is European student He likes to study history of China A a theB a C an theD an 7 This is honey As we all know honey is sweet A theB C the D the the 8 They didn t catch the last train because of A some heavy traffics B any heavy traffic C heavy traffic D a heavy traffic 9 It won t take long it s only walk A ten minutes B ten minutes C ten minutes D ten minute s 二 名词 名词表示人或物体的名称 有普通名词 park 专有名词 Peter Party 集合名词 family class police 缩写名词 SARS CEO WTO 等 总体上说 它们可以分成两大类 即可数名词和不可数名词 要注意它们在句中的不同要求和变化 例题解析 His grandfather is A Robert Bob B Tom Black C Kate White D Black Green 英语中 人的姓名排列是倒过来的 先是名 即 first name 后为姓 即 second name 也可叫做 family name 或 surname 做这类题目 必须先搞清楚哪个单词是 表示名字 哪个单词是表示姓氏 名字还要分清男女性别 这道题中说的是 爷爷 是男名 所以本题答案应该选 B are playing tennis in the playground A The Browns B The Brown s C Browns D Brown s 英语中 姓氏前加定冠词 the 后面加 s 有 一家人 之意 所以本题答案应该选 A Be careful There is a hole in the ground A two foot deepB two feet deepC two foot deepD two feet deep 这道题目考的是复合形容词 在复合形容词中的名词应该用单数形式 在整个复合形容词 中的各个单词都要用短横 来连接 由于它被看作为一个普通的形容词 因此 在可数名 词前还要再加上冠词 此句中 一个两英尺深的洞 应译为 a two foot deep hole 所 以本题答案应该选 A He s got bad toothache He d better go to A dentistB the dentistC the dentist sD see the dentists 去看牙科医生 可译为 go to see the dentist 或 go to the dentist s 后一个 词语中的 the dentist s 表示 the dentist s clinic 所以本题答案应该选 C The teachers wondered if the students were in trouble A woman boyB woman boysC women boyD women boys 英语中 女教师们 应该译为 women teachers 而 男学生们 应该译为 boy students 所以本题答案应该选 C came that Houston Rocket won again and Yao Ming got the most scores A A newsB MessageC WordD Words 据说 在英语中有多种说法 It was said that Word came that News came that A message came that 等 所以本题答案应该选 C All of a sudden something on the ground caught A his eyeB his eyesC his own eyesD eyes of his own catch one s eye 是固定词组 意为 引起某人注意 即 be noticed by sb 此句中 eye 是 视线 之意 由 eyesight 演变而来 随着语言的发展 一些词语会 产生演变 大致上都是朝 简单化 方向发展 如 countryside country mankind man campsite camp in the daytime in the day 等 所以本题答案应该选 A The lady with long found her husband had already got three gray A hair hairB hair hairsC hairs hairD hairs hair 要掌握英语中哪些是可数名词 哪些是不可数名词 但是有些名词具有可数和不可数两种 性质 要靠具体说法来判别 如这道题中的 hair 头发 就是这类词 前半句说的是 一 头长发 是不可数名词 后半句说的是 三根白发 是可数名词 所以本题答案应该选 B 习题训练 Choose the best answer 选择最恰当的答案 用 A B C 或 D 表示 填入空格内 1 He has got to tell you A a good news B some news C a lot news D many news 2 It s seven o clock are sitting at table A Mr Greens B The Green s C The Greens D Greens 3 Your brother is the same mine A old as B age as C old like D age like 4 Our bodies need food to give us A health B strong C energyD taste 5 A lemon is the same as a banana A yellow B colour C freshD sweet 6 What kind of do you like best A watermelon B the watermelon C a watermelon D watermelons 7 Look at this magazine Let s do the about eating habits A quiz B list C cooking D dinner 三 代词 代词是名词的代用词 有指示代词 this those 人称代词主宾格 I me 形容词性物主 代词 my 名词性物主代词 mine 反身代词 myself 不定代词 either others anything nobody 其中 不定代词的变化最复杂 在不同的句子中 它们的变化和要求都不一样 这 一点我们一定要有充分的认识 不能掉以轻心 例题解析 Would you please give A him itB it himC to him itD it to him 英语中 当直接宾语 人 与间接宾语 物 都用人称代词时 一定要先讲间接宾语 物 后讲直接宾语 人 而且要在直接宾语 人 前加上介词 to 所以本题答案应该选 D She always thinks of more than A others herB the others sheC others herselfD the others herself 在英语中 别人 属于 泛指 应译为 others 后半句是介词 of 的宾语 由于 这里的 她 与主语的 她 是属于同一个人 因此不能用人称代词宾格作宾语 要用反身代 词作宾语才对 所以本题答案应该选 C Some people like watching the sports news prefer TV series A the othersB the otherC othersD another 在英语中 一些 另一些 有两种译法 Some the others 是属于 非 此即彼 的两部分情况 而 Some others 是指有第三部分的情况存在 本题意为 一部分人喜欢看体育消息 而另一部分人比较欣赏电视剧 显然还有其他人喜欢其他的内 容 所以本题答案应该选 C The light in the room was too poor for to see it clearly A everyoneB someoneC anyoneD none 英语中 too to 意为 太 而不能 具有否定的含义 因此 for sb 中应该 选运用在否定句中的 anyone 才对 所以本题答案应该选 C the fuel here is from foreign countries so we must make full use of it A SomeB MuchC The most ofD Most of 带有定冠词 the 的名词前 应该用代词词组 some of 意为 其中一些 much of 意为 其中许多 most of 意为 其中大多数 等 the mose of 意为 其中最多的 在本句中的译法欠妥 所以本题答案应该选 D Can you call on my mother on Saturday or Sunday I m afraid day is possible A eitherB eachC bothD neither 在英语中 有 两者 和 三者以上 的不同词语说法 both 意为 两者都 all 意为 三者以上都 neither 意为 两者都不 none 或 no one 意为 三 者以上都不 either 意为 两者之一 one 意为 三者以上之一 between 意为 两者之间 among 意为 三者以上之间 根据本题句意 答句应该是说 我恐怕没有 一天能行 所以本题答案应该选 D There are three bathrooms in the house One is upstairs two are downstairs A otherB the otherC othersD the others 在英语中 另两个 的译法有多种 the other two the others the rest 由 于本句中讲到三间浴室 另两间 的说法应该是 确指 的 因此 必须有定冠词 the 又由于后句已经写了 two 因此这里要选作形容词用的 other 所以本题答案应该选 B The dishes on Table One are much fewer than on Table Two A thatB thoseC dishesD 要注意所比较的两个对象具有对称性 这句是 the dishes on Table One 一桌上的菜 和 the dishes on Table Two 二桌上的菜 作比较 因此后半句中的 菜 字不能省略 that 与 those 是比较级句中的专用代词 由于该句中所比较的对象是复数 因此 要 用 those 来代替前面的名词 所以本题答案应该选 B There are more people in this room than in that one A thatB thoseC peopleD 要注意在 There is 或 There are 的比较级句型中 习惯上不用上题所讲到的 专用代词 所以本题答案应该选 D 习题训练 Choose the best answer 选择最恰当的答案 用 A B C 或 D 表示 填入空格内 1 Show your watch me is slow A to Mine B to MyC for Mine D for My 2 do you like the summer holidays or the winter holidays A What better B What bestC Which better D Which best 3 She wrote a letter and enclosed a photo of taken in her housing estate A herselfB herC her sD myself 4 She told Jack Tom and me to among A talk it over usB talk over it us C talk it over ourselvesD talk over it ourselves 5 I ll do it by myself I won t need help A anyone s elseB anyone else s C anyone others D other anyone s 6 I heard until my friend told me about it A everythingB somethingC nothingD anything 7 Would you like more bread Jack A anyB anotherC littleD a little 8 Only one student got the right answer But didn t A the otherB anotherC othersD the rest 9 He doesn t think of them will go there with you A none B some C many D much 10 The film is dull and people like it A a few B few C a little D little 11 Have you all A got ready everything B got everything ready for C got everything ready D got ready for everything 12 Help to some sweets everyone A yourselves B your own C yourself D by yourself 13 He has six uncles Five of them are doctors and is a driver A another B the sixth C other D the other 14 Believe or not I did it all by A me B us C myself D ourselves 15 A Are these two books yours B No of them is mine A either B none C both D neither 16 Neither of the twins the toy train A like B likes C is like D are like 四 数词 数词有基数词和序数词之分 基数词表示数量概念 序数词表示顺序概念 首先要注意一 些数词在写法上的变化 如 forty ninth twentieth 更要注意它们在句子中的不同用法和 变化 例题解析 About students went to the picture show that day A hundreds of B two hundreds C two hundred of D two hundred about 意为 大约 是指具体数量 因此 不能用表示不定数量的词语 hundreds of 意为 成百个 在表示确定数量时 英语中的 hundred 不加 s 即不变复数 再由于 students 前没有定冠词 the 不是 其中 之意 因此 也不能加介词 of 所以本题答案应该选 D of Class Four students have joined the singing group A Three fifths the B Three fifth the C Three fifths D Three fifth 英语中 几分之几 的表达方式是分子用基数词 分母用序数词 中间用短横 连接 当分子大于 一 时 分母序数词要加 s 再由于本题句中数量用的是 of 词组 即意为 其中的五分之三 因此后面的名词 students 必定是 确指 的 要加定冠词 the 所以本题答案应该选 A 在这里要特别注意的是 不要看到 students 前有修饰词 Class Four 就不敢加定冠词 the 要懂得这里的 the 是修饰 students 的 同样 the English language 词语的表达形式也类似于此种情况 习题训练 Choose the best answer 选择最恰当的答案 用 A B C 或 D 表示 填入空格内 1 John has twelve coins and Joan has ones three times as many as John A thirteenB fifteenC thirty sixD forty eight 2 The post code used in our neighbourhood is A B C a quarterD a dozen 3 Today is her brother s birthday is on A She fifth of May B She May fifth C Hers May fifthD Hers May the fifth 4 of the students go to school by bike A Two three B Two thirds C Two threes D Two third 5 There are about seats in the hall A two hundreds B two hundred C hundreds of D two hundred of 6 A How often should we publish the paper B A In one week s time B Once a month C After two weeksD For half a month 7 About the students went to the Science Museum last Thursday A hundreds of B two hundred C two hundred of D two hundreds 五 介词 介词是一种虚词 它不能单独使用 后面要跟名词 人称代词宾格或动名词 同一个动词 搭配不同的介词 可以衍变出各种不同含义的词组来 而且在不同场合所用介词也各不相同 因此 介词的用法是比较复杂的 要求我们去逐个记住 只有在看懂 理解整个句意的前提下 才能选对正确的介词 例题解析 Mr Brown flew to Washington the night before last A inB onC atD 在表达某一天的具体时间时 应该用介词 on 但是本句是表达 在前天的夜里 与 在前天 the day before yesterday 相仿 前面不该用任何介词 所以本题答案应该选 D The school gate is the north of the classroom building A in B to C onD at 在英语中 表达 东 南 西 北 的方位介词常见有三个 表示在方位区域的内部时 用介词 in 如 The playground is in the south of the school 操场在学校的南面 表示在与方位区域连壤的外部时 应该用介词 on 如 Room 203 is on the west of Room 205 203 室在 205 室的西面 表示在与方位区域不连壤的外部时 应该用介词 to 如 Shanghai is to the east of Nanjing 上海在南京的东面 本题的 校门 在 教学大楼 的北面 应该用介词 to 所以答案应该选 B You ll get one thousand dollars A after allB at allC in all D all together after all 意为 到底 毕竟 终于 at all 通常与 not 连用 意为 完全 不 一点也不 in all 通常用于数量词后面 意为 总共 同义词是 altogether 所以本题答案应该选 C This bus can run 70 miles an hour A forB withC atD in 在表示 速度 温度 价格 意思时 应该用介词 at 所以本题答案应该选 C It s said he stayed there quietly two o clock that afternoon A onB atC untilD by at two o clock that afternoon 意为 在昨天下午两点钟 时态通常用 过去进行 时 by two o clock that afternoon 意为 在昨天下午两点钟前 时态通常用 过 去完成时 until two o clock that afternoon 意为 直到昨天下午两点钟 时态通 常用 一般过去时 本句中 stay 是延续动词 因此可用 until 句型 如果句中谓语是 瞬间动词的话 就应该用 not until 句型了 所以本题答案应该选 C Tom didn t attend the lecture yesterday evening his illness A asB forC because D because of 在本句中 因为生病 是一个词语 而不是原因状语从句 因此 不能选连词 as for 或 because 来连接 而要用介词词组 because of 所以本题答案应该选 D Now it s quite important us to make full use of time A forB toC ofD with It s important to sb 意为 它对某人来说很重要 是词语搭配 It s for sb to do 意为 做某事对某人来说是怎样的 是句型 当两者交叉 重叠使用时 词 语要让位于句型 所以本题答案应该选 A 同样 I like it so much that 句型中用 so 而不用 very 也属于这种类型的表达方式 It s nice you to get the ticket F1 It s said the car race is very exciting A of forB for forC of ofD for of 这句是 It s of sb to do 句型 意为 某人真是怎么样 做了某事 后半句中 ticket for 是固定词语 意为 什么内容的票子 所以本题答案应该选 A 习题训练 Choose the best answer 选择最恰当的答案 用 A B C 或 D 表示 填入空格内 1 You can draw it paints and brushes A by B with C in D use 2 What did you have breakfast A as B with C aboutD for 3 The police helping to make our city a safe place to live and work A is in B are in C is D are 4 I ve got three question you to think about A of B for C give D to show 5 We can ask people the Festival to do the quiz A in B on C at D for 6 What happens when we put some sugar a glass of warm water A on B off C out D into 7 they arrived at the village after all A At the endB In the endC LastD Attentively 8 The class teacher was sent Christmas cards some of the students A to byB byC to fromD to 9 Q What is that film A It s a science film A likeB aboutC onD for 10 Why not ask your friend some advice if you re really in trouble A offerB to giveC toD for 11 The beautiful house is sale But it won t be sale A on forB for onC with forD with on 12 The weather here was cold last week A a kind B a kind ofC kind ofD kinds of 13 The singing group is made four handsome lads A ofB fromC up ofD up from 14 Something wrong my watch I m afraid A is with B is in C are with D are in 15 There a man and two women the picture A is on B are in C are on D is in 16 Mary doesn t know what lies ahead she s only 12 A At all B In all C After all D For all 17 Should we the postage the parcel by ourselves A pay onB pay of C pay for on D pay for of 18 Alice her service to the public A was awarded the prize for B was deserved to get the prize for C was proud for D was pleased for 六 动词 动词八种时态 语态和几种变化形式 八种时态 主动语态 被动语态 一般现在时 经常 反复 爱好 特点 条件 真理 do does am is are done 一般过去时 过去发生的事 不强调现在的结果 did ed was were done 一般将来时 将要发生的事 will do will be done 现在进行时 现在正在发生的事 am is are doing am is are being done 过去进行时 当时正在发生的事 was were doing was were being done 现在完成时 过去发生的事 强调现在的结果 have has done have has been done 过去完成时 过去完成的事 过去以前发生的事 had done had been done 过去将来时 过去将要发生的事 would do would be done 不定式 do not do to do not to do 命令式 do don t do 现在分词 doing 动名词 doing 过去分词 done 例题解析 Look Mary a nice dog She it just now A has drawn drewB drew has drawnC is drawing drewD is drawing has drawn 在 Look It s evening Where is sb 等句子后面 可能要用 现在进行时 也有可能要用 现在完成时 反正 要根据具体情况来具体分析 考虑问题一定要从整体 情况着眼 本题后半句 just now 意为 刚才 很明显要用 一般过去时 因此前句如用 现在进行时 就不妥 造成句意逻辑上的错误 前句用 现在完成时 才对 所以本题答案 应该选 A This kind of fridge very well A sell B sells C are sold D is sold 在英语中 表达某物销路不错 要用表示 特点 的 一般现在时 形式 而不能用 被 卖 这种被动语态形式来表示 由于本句主语 this kind of fridge 是单数第三人称 所以 本题答案应该选 B What Mr Smith He looks worried so much A happens withB happens toC happened with D happened to 在英语中 发生 通常可译为 happened 或 took place 要注意它不能变 被动 语态 本题之意是 史密斯先生发生了什么事 他显得很焦虑 因此 发生 不能用表示 经常行为的 一般现在时 形式 应该用 一般过去时 的 happened to sb 固定词组来 表达 所以本题答案应该选 D Mary Shall I tell Michael about the news Jack No you He s already known it A can t B mustn t C needn t D don t 本题是考核情态动词句型的正确回答 在 Must I do Shall I do Would you like me to do 问句后面都可以用 No you needn t 不必要 来回答 本题根 据后句的句意应该选此回答为妥 所以答案应该选 C 在 May I 问句后面 通常有 以下几种否定回答 1 No you mustn t 2 No you may not 3 Sorry you can t 4 I m afraid you can t 5 No you can t clothes are usually near a fire in winter A Washed hungB Washed hangedC Washing hung D Washing hanged washed 意为 被洗过的 可以修饰 衣服 washing 意为 正在洗的 它该 修饰人 不该修饰 衣服 后句意为 被挂在火炉旁 该用过去分词 hung 才对 hanged 也是 hang 的过去分词 但是它的意思是 被绞死 所以本题答案应该选 A The book by me I it to a friend of mine A is written sentB is written have sent C was written sentD was written have sent 书是被某人写的 书是在某地方被写的 都是表示发生在以前的动作 该用一般过去 时被动语态 如过说 书是被用英语写的 那就是指书的特点了 就该用一般现在时被动语 态了 后半句意为 我把它寄给朋友了 是强调现在书不在我这里 不是强调过去寄的 不该 用一般过去时 而该用现在完成时 这种类型的时态 学生最容易错 千万要注意 英语中有 许多动作是以前发生的 但没有时间状语的句子都用 现在完成时 表达 所以本题答案应该 选 D Mr Jackson the city quite well since he in the city for a couple of years A knows wasB has known was C knows has beenD has known has been 本句中的 since 不是 自从 之意 因此 前半句与后半句用 现在完成时 和 一 般现在时 的形式做是错误的 本句中的 since 意为 由于 与 as 近义 根据句意 熟悉城市 是表示杰克逊先生的 特点 要用 一般现在时 表达 他来到这个城市有 两 三年了 是表示到现在为止的结果情况 要用 现在完成时 表达 所以本题答案应该选 C Could you tell me A how to do it B why do it C how to do D what to do it 由于 do 通常用作及物动词 因此要注意它有否宾语 要避免 C 的没有宾语和 D 的重叠宾语的错误 B 是不定式遗漏了 to 所以本题答案应该选 A 关于 do 的这种特点很重要 为了熟记它 可以背一句口诀 how to do it what to do English is his favourite subject He can it very fluently A sayB talkC speakD tell 由于后句 it 指的是 English 因此要用动词 speak 才对 所以本题答案应该选 C talk 是不及物动词 后面不跟宾语 speak 既可作不及物动词用 也可作及物动 词 宾语只能是语言 tell 的宾语有限 有 a story the difference the truth a lie the time 等 say 可跟的宾语最多 不再一一例举 由此句我们得到启示 即 我们在做习题时不要被单词的表面现象所迷惑 一定要看清楚它的内涵 即注意到它的真正含 义是什么 再举两个例子来说明注意内涵的重要性 例 1 A recorder is used to learn English in our class 例 2 His spoken English is poor He only speaks a word of it Mr Black is the manager of this company He this company A takes charge of B is responsible toC is in the charge of D has the duty from 在英语中 他负责这家公司 有多种说法 如 1 He is in charge of this company 2 His job is to be in charge of this company 3 This company is in the charge of him 4 He is responsible for this company 5 He has the duty of this company 6 He takes charge of this company 在这里要注意动词与介词的搭配关系 不要记错了 本题答案应该 选 A 10 Please the city map before you go sightseeing A look atB have a lookC watchD read 在英语中 看 在不同场合有不同的译法 look at 意为 粗略地看 have a look 意为 看一下 其后不能跟宾语 watch 意为 注视 仔细地看 虽然可以跟 地图 搭配 但是 它只是表示一种 看 的状态 没有 查看路线 之意 看书 看 地图 都要用动词 read 意为 阅读 查看 所以本题答案应该选 D 习题训练 Choose the best answer 选择最恰当的答案 用 A B C 或 D 表示 填入空格内 1 They any food They ve got plenty of for the picnic A needn t it B needn t them C don t need it D don t need them 2 His favourite is a taxi driver A job to be B job C work to be D work 3 Why does like this uniform A he not wearing B not he wearing C he not wear D not he wear 4 You can not only learn make the delicious drink you can also it A to eat B to eatC how to enjoy D how to enjoy 5 Have you all your pens yet A prepared B prepared for C preparation D preparation for 6 Danny practises twice week A to swim a B to swim every C swimming a D swimming every 7 You must to catch fish here near the pond A not try B try notC not to try D to try not 8 When we on the air conditioner in summer we feel more comfortable A sit B put C turn D open 9 Would you mind the window A my closing B my close C to close D for close 10 The teacher kept the pupils for five hours A waiting B to wait C to waiting D waits 11 Mr Green China for six years A has been in B has been to C has come to D has gone to 12 They could hardly understand what the engineer said A couldn t they B didn t they C could they D did they 13 Tell him afraid of dogs A not be B not to be C don t be D won t be 14 If he here tomorrow please tell him when his uncle A will come comes B comes comes C comes will come D will come will come 15 The postage on the parcel me a lot of money A took B spend C paid D cost 16 Have you who to