初中语法专题7介词专题

介词介词 介词是一种用来表示词语词之间 词与句之间的关系的词 在句中不能单 独做句子成分 介词分为简单介词和短语介词两种 简单介词即单个介词 如 in under on for after 等 短语介词指多个单词构成的介词 如 in front of instead of far from 等 介词短语与短语介词不同 介词短语指由 介词 名词 代词等 构成的短语 如 at school by bus on Sunday 等 在句中可以作 定语 状语 表语 宾语补足语等 有些单词 既可以作介词 也可以作连词 作连词时 其后接句子 如 after before 等 而有些单词 既可以作介词 也 可以作副词 如 above below 等 介词是中考试卷中的 常客 从时间上看 年年都要考 从地点上看 每 个地区都要考 考查介词的主要题目有 单项填空 完形填空 短文填空及句 子翻译等 一 对时间介词的考查一 对时间介词的考查 介词介词用用 法法例例 句句 常常 用用 短短 语语 at 表示在某个时刻或是瞬间 用在节假日前表示 在 期 间 用于某些固定搭配 I usually get up at half past six Bill got a lot of presents at Christmas at noon at night at midnight on 表示在具体的某一天或具体到某 一天的早晨 上下午或晚上等 I like visiting friends on Sundays The accident happened on a rainy evening in 用于月份 季节 年 年代 世纪等 泛指一天的上午 下午 晚上 in 时间段 表示 在 之后 常用于一般将来时态 in January in summer in the 1990s in the morning afternoon evening She says that her mother will be back 两个小时后 during在 期间during the summer holidays before在 之前He will be back before suppertime after after 具体时刻 表示 在 之后 after three o clock lunch August He will arrive after in an hour after 时间段 不与将来时连 用 since 后接时间点或过去时的句子 表 示 自从 以来 He has taught English since 2001 I haven t seen him since he left last time for 后接时间段 表示 持续一段时 间 He has lived here for eight years till until 表示持续到某个时候 not until 意为 直到 才 It may last till until next Friday We can t get off the bus until it stops from from to 意为 从 到 We go to school from Monday to Friday by 表示 在 之前 不迟 于 表示 到 为止 You must be here by ten o clock tomorrow by the end of last year next year by now 例题 1 I was born December 17 This year I ll hold a birthday party for it at home A onB atC inD by 2 Do you know Victory Day in China Yes it s September 3rd each year It tells the world that Chinese people love peace and hate wars Chinese people will never forget the history A in on B on C at D on in 3 For many Western people they drink cold water even winter A on B for C at D in 4 The charity walk begins 9 00 Don t be late No problem A at B by C in D on 5 The Dragon Boat Festival this year will come four days A afterB forC duringD in 6 短文填空 After walking around some time she came to a river 7 首字母填空 He has been away from home s two days ago 8 句子填空 The Highland Museum is opened every day Monday 二 对地点 方位介词的考查二 对地点 方位介词的考查 介介 词词图图 示示意意 义义例例 句句 1 1 in在 之内 The students are reading in the classroom 学生们在教室里读书 2 2 on在 上面 The boat is on the river 那条船在河上 3 3 beneath 在 下面 紧贴着表面 The sun is now beneath the horizon 太阳此刻落到地平线下了 4 4 over 在 正 上方 There are several bridges over the river 河上有好几座桥 5 5 under 在 正 下方 The boat sailed under the bridge 船在桥下行驶 6 6 above在 上方 The plane flew above the clouds 飞机在云上飞行 7 7 below在 下方 The sun sinks below the horizon 太阳沉没在地平线下 8 8 by beside 在 旁边 Tom is sitting by beside the window 汤姆坐在窗户的旁边 9 9 near在 附近 I don t need a car because I live near the city centre 我不需要汽车 因为 我住在靠近市中心 1 10 next to紧挨 My best friend sits next to me in class 上课时我最好的朋友坐在我的旁边 1 11 behind在 后面 Olive hid behind a tree 奥列弗藏在一棵树后面 1 12 outside在 外面 He parked his car outside the theater 他把汽车停在剧场外面 1 13 to到 去 We walked to the fruit shop 我们步行到水果店 1 14from 从 来 We traveled to London from Edinburgh 我们从爱丁堡旅行到伦敦 1 15 a round围绕 We all sat around the table 我们都围绕着桌子坐 1 16 between 在 之间 指二者 The letter B is between A and C 字母 B 在 A 和 C 之间 1 17 among 在 之间 指三者或 三者以上 The house stands among the trees 房子在树丛中 1 18 across 横过 越过 从表面跨过 If the road is busy don t walk across it 如果道路拥挤 就不要横穿马路 1 19 through 穿过 从内部穿过 We drove through the tunnel 我们开车穿过了隧道 2 20 past by 从旁边经过 路过 I went past by a bakery on my way home 我在回家的路上经过了一家面包店 2 21 onto到 上 The men lift the baskets onto the trucks 人们把篮子运上卡车 2 22 into到 里 They put the apples into the baskets 他们把苹果放进篮子里 2 23 out of从 出来 Don t look out of the window in class 上课时不要朝窗外看 2 24 along沿着 Walk along this street then turn left you can see the post office 沿着这条街走 然后向右拐 你就 可以看到邮局 at in on 表示地点的用法 at 表地点时 指空间位置上的某一点 后面常 接小地方 如 at the bus stop in 表地点时 指在某一立体空间范围内 后面 接大地方 如 in shanghai on 表地点时 指某物与另一物表面相接触 或 与某地方接壤等 如 on the table 等 in on to 表示方位的用法 范围之内用 in 相邻 接壤用 on 不相 邻或隔海相望用 to 例题 9 I like the weather in Kunming It s warm all year long Yes And the temperature stays zero all the time A at B below C around D above 10 In cold winter the temperature in Harbin often remains zero all day A aboveB belowC overD under 11 The bank is the bookstore and the post office A at the front ofD amongC betweenD in 12 You must be careful when you swim the lake A acrossB belowC overD through 13 Excuse me where is the bookstore Go the bridge You ll see it on your left A on B cross C across D through 14 Heilongjiang Province is the northeast of China A to B in C onD at 15 Cambridge is a small city the east of England A betweenB withC inD under 16 Jim sits behind me so I sit him A at the top ofB at the end ofC in the middle ofD in front of 三 对手段 方法介词的考查三 对手段 方法介词的考查 介词介词用用 法法例例 句句 常常 用用 短短 语语 by by 交通工具 乘坐交通工具 by doing sth 通过某种方式 He goes to school by bus every day I learn English by listening to the radio in in 语言类名词 用某种语言 in 工具 用某种工具或材料 Can you say it in English Don t write it in pencil Write it in ink with with 工具 用某种工具或材 料 with the help of 在 的帮 助下 I often do my homework with a pen With the help of him I won the match on通过某个设备He listens to music on the radio 例题 17 Ma Yun the Chairperson of Alibaba Group has made much money the Internet A through B along C across D towards 18 More and more people in Shanghai choose to go to work underground A in B with C by D for 19 Gina what s this English A byB forC inD with 20 We can save money cooking our own meals instead of eating outside A byB toC forD with 四 对其他常用介词的考查四 对其他常用介词的考查 介词介词用用 法法例例 句句 常常 用用 短短 语语 about 大约 关于 只表示 和 有关 There are about 60 pupils in my class I want to tell you a story about animals on 关于 多表示内容具有专门性 是严肃的和学术性的 It s a book on animals 这是一本论及动物 的书 学术专著 like 像 一样 He talked to me like his father as 作为 以 的身份 后跟表 示职业 职务的名词 As a volunteer I must try my best to help you with your problems except 除 之外 指从整体中除去 一部分 We are all here except Li Ming 李明不在这儿 besides 除 之外还有 包括在内 We are all here besides Li Ming 李明在这儿 with表示伴随 意为 和 一起 I went to plant trees with my friends without表示 没有 常作状语He left without saying a word for 表示目的 意为 为了 表示原因 理由 He came here for a cup of tea Sanya is famous for Tianya Haijiao towards 朝 方向 A dog is running towards me off 离开 脱离 Keep off the grass 勿踏草地 against靠着 反对He is sleeping soundly against a tree instead of 代替 I went swimming instead of watching TV because of 因为 表示原因I didn t go out because of the bad weather 例题 21 Do you remember what she looked like when you first met her Of course She was tall and thin long hair A inB withC onD for 22 Jack had to stop working though it was his own wishes A onB forC againstD by 23 Wild animals are our friends We shouldn t kill them food or clothing A inB withC aboutD for 24 It is great us to get so many favourite books on International Children s Book Day A toB withC ofD for 25 He looked at me and a word smiled A inB withC withoutD for 26 All of us went to the park Bob He had to look after his sister A besidesB withC exceptD besides 五 对介词短语的考查五 对介词短语的考查 搭配搭配 情况情况 介介 词词固固 定定 搭搭 配配 atat night noon at once at first last at home school work afterafter school class after breakfast lunch supper after all byby the way by the lake river by now by chance accident inin class in time in town in the future in fact in a car taxi onon time on duty on business on foot on a train ship plane for for example for a while for sure for fun the idea technology for tothe answer to the way to the key to 与 名 词 的 搭 配 with have problem trouble difficulty fun with make friends with aboutworry about talk about think about learn know about at look at laugh at shout at point at knock at arrive at call at swh forlook for ask for wait for stand for leave for send for sb fromhear from sb learn from sb come from be made from ondepend on get on call on sb put on try on turn on off get off fall off show off take off see sb off to belong to listen to get to write to help oneself to say hello hi to 与 动 词 的 搭 配 with begin with talk chat with sb agree with sb get on along with sb aboutbe sure about be sorry about与 形 容 词 的 搭 配 atbe mad at be good bad at be surprised at be talented at ofbe afraid scared of be sure proud fond jealous full of with be busy strict angry popular satisfied covered filled with inbe interested in be different in size be strict in sth forbe famous for be late for be ready for be good bad for tobe polite rude cruel to sb be good friendly kind bad to sb frombe away from be different from be away from 例题 27 My mother says my friend is similar me but I think she is different me A as fromB to fromC to toD as to 28 This photo reminded the old man the days when he was young A withB forC byD of 29 They hope it can protect them terrible air A inB fromC forD at 30 When the king saw that she as playing his old harp he was filled joy A inB ofC byD with 31 This kind of dress is this year and I really want to get one A in danger B in trouble C in styleD in time 32 Mr Yang s daughter is pretty good drawing pictures and won many prizes A with B for C in D at 33 Shen Xue and Zhao Hongbo won the gold medal for China so we re proud them A inB onC ofD for 34 I learn my teacher and my classmates at the corner A toB atC forD from 35 Compared some unhappy people those who are always pleased and relaxed are less likely to suffer colds A atB withC inD of 附 介词的省略附 介词的省略 省略情况省略情况示示 例例 表示时间的短语中介词 的省略 in this morning afternoon evening on the next day in next week month year in last night week year on the day before yesterday in the year before last on tomorrow morning on every some one all day 在肯定句中表示一段时 间的 for 常可省略 I have been waiting for you for a whole afternoon He has studied English for five years 在 of 大小 形状 年龄 等结构中 of 常省略 When I was of your age I knew much less than you The desks in our class are of the same colour material shape height and length 在 here there home 等副词前 come to here go to there go to home 某些习语中的省略 be busy in doing sth 忙于做某事 in this that way 以这种 那种方法 stop prevent sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事 spend in doing sth 在做某事上花费 have trouble in doing sth 在做某事中遇到麻烦 help sb to do sth 帮助某人做某事 三 即时训练三 即时训练 1 This food is free You don t have to it A look forB pay forC ask forD wait for 2 You see Kevin is writing his left hand A atB asC forD with 3 age 7 Bruce won second prize in the piano competition A InB AtC OnD For 4 We can be thankful every day not just Thanksgiving Day A inB onC toD by 5 This school is different others It has many out of class activities A offB fromC