动名词-动词不定式讲义

1 非谓语动词 一 动词不定式一 动词不定式 1 动词不定时的构成 动词不定时的构成 不定时的基本形式为 to 动词原形 有时可以不用 to 这里的 to 是不定式符号 本身无词义 动词不定 式的否定形式是 not to 动词原形 Although Jeff loves KFC he tries it too often A to eat B not eat C to not eat D not to eat 2 动词不定式的句法功能 动词不定式的句法功能 1 动词不定式作主语 动词不定式作主语时 句子的谓语动词常用单数 其位置有以下两种 把不定式置于句首 To get there by bike will take us half an hour 骑自行车到那儿将花费我们半个小时 To save money now seems impossible 现在好像不可能省钱 用 it 作形式主语 把真正的主语不定式置于句后 It s our duty to take good care of the old It takes me two days to read the book It is difficult for us to finish writing the composition in a quarter of an hour It is stupid of you to write down everything that the teacher says It seemed impossible to save money 考点拓展 it is adj for sb to do it is adj of sb to do 的含义及区别 It is kind of you to help me 你能帮我太好了 It is beneficial for you to do sports 运动对你有益 完成下列句子 试试 It s very difficult me to do it It s very kind you to do it for me It is clever him to come down without ropes 1 It was stupid me to talk in that way to my mother 2 It is very important us to master English 3 It was impossible the little boy to carry such a heavy box 4 It is smart them to make good use of the Internet 2 不定式作宾语 1 有些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语 常见的这类词是表示命令 打算或希望的 如 would like like want wish hope decide plan expect 等 如 I plan to see a film this evening I want to go to school 考点拓展 不定式常和疑问词 what which when where how 连用 相当于一个宾语从句 如 The teacher is telling the students what to do 老师正告诉学生们做什么 He didn t know where to go 他不知道去哪里 John asked David how Christmas A celebrating B to celebrate C to be celebrated D celebrate 2 在 find think 后跟不定式作宾语时 常用 it 代替 而将真正的宾语放在后面 I find it easy to read English every day I find him all about it A necessary to tell B that necessary to C necessary it to tell D it necessary to tell 3 不定式作宾语补足语 2 Lucy asked him to turn down the radio My mother encourages me to learn Japanese 4 不定式作定语 不定式作定语时 应放在名词之后 它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系 I m thirsty Will you get me something A drink B to drink C eat D eating 如果是不及物动词 且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系 要在不定式后加上适当的介词 Sally had no pen yesterday morning A to write B to write with C writing D writing with Have you decided A to go with whom B whom to go with C whom go with D with whom to go Would you please pass me the knife A to cut the watermelon with B to cut the watermelon C cutting the watermelon D cutting the watermelon with 4 不定式作状语 The meeting room is big enough one hundred people A holding B hold C to hold D holds Today we use machines us do most of our work A to help B help C helping D helped 二 动名词二 动名词 一 动名词的构成 动名词一般由 动词原形 ing 构成 二 动名词的句法功能 功能例句说明 主语Eating too much is bad for your health 吃得太多对你的健康有害 谓语动词用单数形式 宾语 动词宾语 介词宾语 I like playing basketball very much 我非常喜欢打篮球 Stamps are used for sending letters 邮票是被用来寄信 的 表示一般的习惯或抽象行为或 经常性的动作 表语His hobby is collecting stamps Collecting stamps is his hobby 多数情况下 动名词作表语可 转化成作主语 定语She is in the reading room 她在阅览室 We should improve our teaching methods 我们应该改 进教学方法 只表明它所修饰的词的用途 所属关系等 置于所修饰词之 前 3 小结 一 后面可跟动词的 ing 形式的情况 1 动词 finish doing sth 完成做某事 enjoy doing sth 喜欢做某事 practice doing sth 练习做某事 imagine doing 想象做某事 avoid doing sth 避免做某事 consider doing sth 考虑做某事 suggest doing sth 建议做某事 mind doing sth 介意做某事 keep doing sth 持续做某事 2 固定短语 feel like doing sth 喜欢做某事 be busy doing sth 忙于做某事 be worth doing 值得做某事 spend time in doing sth 花费时间 金钱 做某事 have difficult trouble in doing sth 做某事有困难 have fun doing 做某事高兴 3 介词后 on in of about at with without for from up by 等 如 be good at doing sth thank you for doing sth give up doing sth stop sb from doing sth do well in doing sth be afraid of doing sth be interested in doing sth be proud of instead of be fond of 4 to 作介词的情况 look forward to doing sth 期望做某事 prefer doing sth to doing sth 与 相比较更喜欢 pay attention to doing 注意做某事 be get used to doing sth 习惯于做某事 make a contribution to 为 做贡 献 二 后面可跟动词的不定式形式的情况 1 动词 agree to do 同意去做 afford to do 买得起 decide to do 决定去做某事 hope to do 希望去做 wish to do 希望去做 fail to do 做某事失败去 plan to do 打算去做 pretend to do 假装去做 refuse to do 拒绝去做 would like to do 想要去做 want to do 想要去做某事 learn to do 学做 prefer to do sth 喜欢 爱 做某事 sb seem to do sth 好像做某事 want would like to do sth 想做 used to do sth 过去常做某事 2 句型 allow sb to do sth 允许某人去做某事 asked sb not to do sth 叫某人做事某事 叫某人不要去做某事 tell sb not to do sth 叫某人去 不要 做某事 follow sb to do sth 跟随某人去做某事 get sb to do sth 让某人做某事 warn sb not to do sth 警告某人做某事 或不要做某事 be amazed to do sth 对做某事感到惊讶 be afraid to do sth 害怕做某事 be excited to do sth 对做 感到兴 奋 be frightened to do sth 害怕去做某事 be glad happy to do sth 高兴去做某事 be get ready to do sth 准备做 某事 be sorry to do sth 对做某事感到抱歉 be surprised to do sth 对做某事感到惊奇 can t wait to do sth 迫不急 待地去做某事 get have a chance to do sth 得到一个做某事的机会 It s adj for sb to do sth 做某事 对某人来说 怎么 样 It s adj of sb to do sth It takes sb some time money to do sth 花费某人多长时间做某事 常考 It s best for sb to do sth 对某人来说做某事是最好的 It s time for sb to do sth 是某人做某事的时候了 too for sb to 太 以致不能 not enough to do prefer to do sth rather than do sth 宁愿 而不愿 something to eat drink 一些吃 喝的东西 词不定式放在 something 等后修饰这些 Sth is hard difficult easy to do 做好某事很难 容易 take turns to do sth 轮流做 There is no time for sb to do sth 对 某人来说 没时间做某事了 There is no need for sb to do sth 对某人来说没必要做某事 try do one s best to do sth 尽力去做某事 三 后既能跟不定式也能跟动名词的情况 1 后加不定式或动名词意思相近的动词 有些动词接 doing 和 to do 意义相近像 like 喜欢 love 喜欢 hate 憎恨 prefer 宁可 begin 开始 start 开始 continue 继续 如 等词后加不定式或动名词区别不大 like to do 表示想要做某一具体的动作 like doing 表示一般或抽象的多次动作 它们在实际使用中区别很小 I like to swim this afternoon I like swimming 2 后加不定式或动名词区别较大的动词 remember to do 记住去做 remember doing 记得做过 try to do 设法做 try doing 试着做 g o on to do 接着做另一事 go on doing 继续做同一事 can t help to do 不能帮助做 can t help doing 情不自禁做 4 1 stop to do 停下来去做 stop doing 停止做 Please stop a rest if you feel tired A to have B having C have D has Let s have a rest shall we Not now I can t stop the letters A write B to write C writing D and write 2 forget to do 忘记去做 forget doing 忘记做过 Why didn t you buy some bread on your way home Sorry I forgot some money with me A take B Taking C to take D took 四 省略 to 的动词不定式用法归纳 使役动词与 to 的省略 当不定式用于 let make have 等使役动词后作宾语补足语 不定式必须省略 to Let me another cup of tea A to have B have C having D to having She had him away the snow A to sweep B sweep C sweeping D to sweeping They made him them everything A to tell B tell C telling D to telling 感觉动词与 to 的省略 当不定式用于表示感觉的动词 feel hear notice observe see watch look at listen to 等作宾语补足语时 不定式 必须省略 to We all felt the house A shaking B shake C to shake D to shaking I heard him down the stairs A to go B going C go D went Did you notice her the house A to leave B leaving C leave D to