辽宁省铁岭市2014高考英语 阅读理解、短文填单词类训练题（7）

1 辽宁铁岭市辽宁铁岭市 20142014 高考英语阅读理解 短文填单词类训练题 高考英语阅读理解 短文填单词类训练题 7 7 及答 及答 案案 阅读理解 专题训练 一 阅读中的猜词技巧 3 3 因果法 方法点拨 有时文章借助关联词 如 because as since for so thus as the result of course therefore 等等 表示前因后果 有时利用动词 如 lead to cause result in result from bring about 等 表达因果关系 1 There were so many demonstrators in the Red Square that he had to elbow his way through the crowd 2 Tom is considered an autocratic administrator because he makes decisions without seeking the opinions of others 解析 1 根据句中的 许多示威者 推知 elbow 意为 挤 挤过 2 从 he makes decisions without seeking the opinions of others 可看出他是一 个 独裁的 专制的 专横的 administrator 活学活用 一 利用上述猜词技巧 猜出下列划线部分的意思 1 The flowers in the vase withered because they had no water 2 The lack of movement caused the muscles to weaken Sometimes the weakness was permanent So the player could never play the sport again 3 One who is destitute has a great need for food and clothing 4 That museum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in one day 5 The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow 6 What could John expect He had left his wet swimming trunks in the dark closet for over a week Of course they had begun to mildew 2 一 1 解析 由 无水 之因 可推知花会 枯萎 凋谢 之果 因此 wither 意为 枯 萎 凋谢 答案 枯萎 凋谢 2 解析 从后面的结果 永远不能再运动 中可以推测其意思为 永远的 永久的 答案 永久的 3 解析 从后面 急需食物和衣服 中可以看出 destitute 是 穷困的 意思 答案 穷困的 4 解析 既然一天之内看不完所有的展品 这个博物馆当然是够 大的 了 答案 大的 5 解析 既然在水浅的地方都看不到底 就一定是 浑浊不清的 答案 浑浊不清的 6 解析 在这个句子中 前面讲 John 将他湿的游泳裤在黑暗的柜子里放了一个多星期 由此可以得知游泳裤将会发生什么 因此得知单词 mildew 的意思是 发霉 答案 发霉 结束 阅读文章简答题阅读文章简答题 考向分析考向分析 阅读简答题要求考生在读懂文章的基础上 用不超过所规定的词数 简要地回答有关文 章内容的问题 旨在考查在阅读理解的基础上用英语进行书面表达的能力 分析历年湖南高考阅读简答真题 可归纳出其命题特点为 一 语篇特点 体裁多为说明文 议论文和应用文 也有记叙文 文章结构清楚 脉络清晰 易于把握 2007 年高考英语湖南卷阅读简答题的语篇为新闻报道 主要报道关于北磁极移动的最新发现 文章第一段为全文主题段 指出北磁极正朝西伯利亚方向移动 下文接着分别介绍北磁极移 动的原因 移动的速度及其影响 2008 年高考英语湖南卷阅读简答题为一篇关于国际冰雕锦标赛的说明文 首段提出主题 每年元月 来自世界各地的 14 支队伍前来瑞士参加国际冰雕锦标赛 之后分别介绍参赛队 伍创作冰雕作品的方法与过程 冰雕作品的评奖细则以及参赛队伍对锦标赛的体会等 2009 年高考英语湖南卷阅读简答题为一篇记叙文 文章首先简要介绍巧克力棒的发明者 Milton S Hershey 在性格上令人敬畏的一面 而后通过 我爷爷 和 Milton S Hershey 之间的一 件事来体现 Milton S Hershey 在性格上亲切和幽默的一面 2010 年高考英语湖南卷阅读简 答题也为一篇记叙文 讲述圣诞节送礼物的故事 文章生动有趣 同样情节分明 易读易懂 3 2011 年高考英语湖南卷阅读简答题是一篇叙事性的文章 作者介绍自己的亲身经历 文章难 度不大 考生容易掌握其大意 2012 年高考英语湖南卷阅读答题是一篇记叙文 讲述作者在 餐厅打工的经历 选材贴近学生日常生活 难度适中 二 选材特点 题材多为考生熟悉的日常话题和最新科技发现或发明 易于理解 文章简短 词数 260 340 不等 易于考生利用 7 分钟左右的时间答好此题 2007 年湖南高考阅读简答题的 语篇共 265 词 报道自然科学的最新发现 北磁极的移动 2008 年阅读简答题的语篇共 335 词 介绍国际冰雕锦标赛 2009 年阅读简答题的语篇共 302 词 叙述了一个体现 Milton S Hershey 在性格上亲切和幽默的故事 2010 年阅读简答题的语篇共 300 词 讲述感人的 圣诞送礼故事 2011 年高考英语湖南卷阅读简答题语篇共 294 词 2012 年高考英语湖南卷 阅读简答题语篇共 292 词 六篇选材均符合考生的认知特征和评判取向 三 设题特点 该题型原设三个小题 自 2010 年高考开始改设四个小题 该题主要考查考生获取与处 理信息的能力以及用英语进行思维和表达的能力 设题考查方向有四种 即 词汇语义题 要求从文中找到一个与所给生词意义最近的代换词 考查考生联系上下文理解词义的能力 细节考查题 针对文章某个细节内容提问 要求用不超过所规定的词数回答问题 主旨大意 题 针对文章主旨提问 一般询问大意 中心思想及文章标题 同样要求用不超过所规定的 词数回答问题 逻辑推理题 针对文章内容要求考生经逻辑推理后 用不超过规定的词数回 答问题 估计今后几年湖南卷阅读简答题的难度会保持不变 会有一个较为稳定的时期 只要考生自己平时多进行训练 做好该题应该不成问题 结束 阅读表达 共 5 小题 每小题 3 分 满分 15 分 On the 15th of each month a classroom at Pointers Run Elementary School in Maryland is packed with volunteers Students like Campbell Snoddy col1ect food that by students parents and teachers from each classroom Then the chi1dren check to make sure the food isn t too old After that they sort it by category and put the cans and boxes into bags to be delivered to low income senior citizens in the community I wanted to teach my daughter about philanthropy 慈善 says Julie Rosenthal Who started the nonprofit program six years ago And I wanted to 4 teach other kids in the community too Children make their deliveries around the 15th of the month when money from monthly Social Security checks begins to run out and tough decisions between food and other needs have to be made I am on a fixed income and the food has helped me out considerably says Linda Testennan a food receiver It was really fun and it was great to make the senior citizens happy says Campbell It was really cool Sofia Merkowitz another Food on the 15th volunteer agrees I really liked it because it mede me feel really good that people were so happy that they got food Rosenthal says that is why she has children do more than fill a bag with donated food We want the children to have firsthand experience delivering the food to the people so that they can get that feeling of really making a difference in somebody s life a positive difference The program started with one school delivering 30 bags of groceries It has grown each year and now involves 10 schools and several churches Food on the 15th has delivered more than12 000 bags so far Rosenthal s goal is to expand Food on the 15th across the country and around the world 76 List the four things that the students do with the food in the program Food on the 15th no more than 30 words 77 Fill in the blank with proper words to complete the sentence no more than 5 words 78 On what purpose did Julie Rosenthal start the non profit program no 5 more than 15 words 79 Translate the underlined sentence in the last paragraph into Chinese 80 Would you like to become a volunteer of this program Why no more than 2Q words 参考答案 75 D 细节理解题 根据最后一段第一句内容可知应该把不良的饮食习惯归咎于社会压力 76 collect the food check to make sure the food is good sort the food and put it into bags deliver the food to people in need 77 has been donated given offered povided contributed 78 She wanted to teach her daughter and other kids about philanthropy 79 该活动的规模逐年扩大 现在已有十所学校及好几个教堂加入进来 80 根据文意合理作答 回答形式和内容要与问题一致 结束 A 江苏省 2012 届高三百校大联考一模试题 结构清晰 层次分明 为任务型阅读常见形式 What Should You Do When an Earthquake Hits If you find the ground shaking beneath your feet there s an international consensus on how you should act Earthquake safety boils down to tht ee basic steps 1 Drop to the ground 6 2 Take cover by getting under a sturdy deck or table 3 Hold on to it until the shaking stops If there isn t a table or desk near you drop to the ground in an inside corner of the building and cover your head and neck with your hands and arms Do not try to run to another room just to get under a table If you are in bed hold on and stay there protecting your head with a pillow You are less likely to be injured staying where you are Broken glass on the floor has caused injury to those who have rolled to the floor or tried to get to doorways If you are outdoors move to a clear area if you can safely do so avoid power lines trees signs buildings vehicles and other hazards If you re at the movies ox a sports game stay at your seat and protect your head and neck with your arms Don t try to leave until the shaking is over Then walk out slowly watching for anything that could fall in the aftershocks If you re driving a car pull over to the side of the road stop and set the parking brake Avoid overpasses bridges power lines signs and other hazards Stay inside the vehicle until the shaking is over If a power line falls on the car stay inside until a trained person removes the wire If you re by the shore drop cover and hold on until the shaking stops Estimate how long the shaking lasts If severe shaking lasts 20 seconds or more immediately evacuate to high ground as a tsunami 海啸 might have been generated by the earthquake 1Vlove inland 3 kilometers 2 miles or to land that is at least 30 meters 100 feet above sea level immediately Don t wait for officials to issue a warning Walk quickly rather than drive to avoid traffic debris and other hazards If you live downstream for a dam you should know flood zone information and have prepared an evacuation plan Latastrophie failure is unlikely but dams can fail during major earthquakes The main point is to try not to move and to immediately protect yourself as best as possible where you are Earthquakes occur without any warning and may be so 7 violent that you cannot run or crawl you therefore will most likely be knocked to the ground where you happen to be You will never know if the initial jolt will turn out to be start of the big one In addition studies of injuries and deaths caused by earthquakes in the US over the last several decades indicate you are much more likely to be injured by falling or flying objects TVs lamps glass book cases etc than to die in a collapsed building Drop Cover and Hold on offers the best overall level of protection Theme 71 to be taken during an earthquake Drop Cover and Hold on Conclusion You should stay 79 you are and protect yourself in an earthquake because you are 80 likely to die in a collapsed When you are indoors Get under a desk table or drop to the ground in an inside comer with your head 72 with your hands and arms Don t move to other places 73 you might get injured by broken glass When you are outdoors Moving to a clear area and 74 staying near power lines are recommended You are 75 not to leave until the shaking is over When you are driving You should 76 over to the roadside and keep away from dangerous places like