八年级英语Chapter Five Water talk上海牛津版知识精讲

初二英语初二英语 ChapterChapter Five Five WaterWater talktalk 上海牛津版上海牛津版 本讲教育信息本讲教育信息 一 教学内容 Chapter Five Water talk 二 重点语法 不定代词的用法 1 each every both all either neither no none 的用法 each 每个 各个 强调个体 用于两者或两者以上 e g Two girls came and I gave an apple to each 来了俩姑娘 我给她们每人一个苹果 Each of them has a nice ring 她们每人有一枚漂亮的戒指 every 每个 各个 强调全体 用于两者以上 every 常作形容词用 e g Everyday is important to us 每一天对我们都很重要 He has read every book all the books on the subject 他阅读了所有有关这个主题的书 both 表示两者 都 强调全体 e g Her parents are both doctors 她父母都是医生 Both of them are doctors 他俩都是医生 They both like potatoes 他俩喜欢吃土豆 all 全体 大家 一切 用于三者以上 也可接不可数名词 e g That s all for today 今天到此为止 All of us are from China 我们都来自中国 All the food is delicious 所有的食物都很好吃 either 两者之一 用于两者 强调个体 e g The two coats are cheap so you can choose either of them 那两件外套不贵 你可以 随便挑一件 neither 两个都不 用于否定两者 e g Neither Of the books is are so interesting 那两本书没一本好看的 no not any not a 没有 可接可数名词单复数 也可接不可数名词 e g I have no brothers or sisters 我没有兄弟姐妹 A clock has no mouth but it can talk 钟表没有嘴 但能说话 There is no fire without some smoke 有火就有烟 none 没有一个人 物 用于否定三者或三者以上的可数名词 e g None of them has have been to Japan 他们都没去过日本 I like none of the books 这些书我全都不喜欢 neither 和 none 表示完全否定 all both each 和 every 含 every 的复合词 等与 not 连用时表示部分否定 e g I don t know all of you 我不完全认识你们 Not everyone of us know how to go there 不是我们每个人都知道怎样去那儿 2 one ones 和 no one 的用法 one 用来代替前面刚提到的一个东西或一个人 以免重复 复数 ones 用来代替前面提 到的一些物或一些人 no one 表示否定 e g Would you please pass me the science book 给我递一下那本科学方面的书好吗 Which one 哪一本 The one on my shelf 我书架上的那本 No one has traveled farther than to the moon 没有人旅行的距离远过月球 3 a few a little many much some any 的用法 many 复数名词 much 不可数名词 表示 许多 很多 e g Many of the students come from England 那些学生许多是从英国来的 Thanks it s too much for me 谢谢 我承受不起 few 复数名词 little 不可数名词 表示 不多 很少 表否定 e g There were few people in the street last night 昨晚街上没什么人 I am very worried that I have little time to finish the job 我很担心 我几乎没有时间完成 这份工作了 a few 复数名词 a little 不可数名词 表示 有一些 有几个 表肯定 e g I can see a few cakes and a little bread in the fridge 我看到冰箱里有几块蛋糕和一些 面包 注意 quite a few 表示 相当多 e g There are quite a few students over there 那儿有相当多的学生 some 复数名词 不可数名词 any 复数名词 不可数名词 表示 有一些 有几个 表肯定 e g There are some birds in the tree 树上有些鸟 There is some water in the bottle 瓶里有些水 Is there any tea in the cup 杯子里有茶吗 some 一般用于肯定句 但在表示请求 建议 反问等的疑问句中 多用 some e g Would you like some beer 你要不要来点啤酒 Why didn t you buy some sweets You should have bought 你怎么没买点糖果 any 一般用于疑问句和否定句及条件从句 e g There isn t any water left 没有剩下一点水 If you have any questions put up your hands please 如果有问题 请举手 some 单数名词表示 某一个 any 单数名词表示 随便哪一个 或 任何一个 e g I ll catch up with you some day 总有一天我会赶上你的 Come any day you like 你哪天来都行 Tom is taller than any other student in his class 汤姆比他班上其他任何一个学生都高 4 one other others the others another 等的用法 1 one the other 表示两个人或两件东西中的 一个 另一个 e g Mr Smith has two daughters One is a teacher the other is a nurse 2 one another 表示不定数目中的 一个 与 另一个 e g I don t want this one please give me another 3 one the others 强调在一定范围中的 一个 与 其余的 e g In our school one of the teachers is American the others are Chinese 4 some the others 表示许多人或物 不在一定范围中的 一部分 与 其余的全部 e g Some students are reading the others are drawing pictures 5 others other 名词 the others the other 名词 e g Some students like traveling others other students like watching TV at home 6 another 表示 再 又 时既可接单数名词 也可接数词 复数名词 e g He will be able to finish his work in another two hours 再过两个小时他就能完成他的 工作 5 复合不定代词的用法 复合不定代词作主语时 谓语动词用单数形式 e g Someone is knocking at the door 有人在敲门 修饰复合不定代词的形容词或其它词要放在其后 即定语后置 e g There is something important on today s newspaper 今天的报纸有些重要新闻 复合不定代词变否定句时 要否定主语 e g Something is wrong 变为否定句 Something isn t wrong 错误 Nothing is wrong 正确 somebody someone something 一般用于肯定句 anybody anyone anything 一般用于 否定句 疑问句及条件句 e g There is something new in the park 公园里有些新的景点 Do you have anything interesting to tell us 你有什么有趣的事要告诉我们吗 当 somebody someone 等用于疑问句时 表示肯定 请求 建议或反问 anybody anyone 等用在肯定句中表示 任何人 e g Is someone coming this afternoon 今天下午有客人来吗 Anyone can make mistakes 任何人都可能犯错误 模拟试题模拟试题 一 单项选择 10 分 1 Your bag is smaller than A his B his s C him D their 2 Lucy is of the two A quiet B quietest C quieter D the quieter 3 Thank you me about this It s very kind you A to telling for B for tell of C about telling for D for telling of 4 This watch is than that one A more cheaper B much cheap C more cheap D much cheaper 5 She has a pen in one of her hands but what s that in her hand A one B another C the other D other 二 完形填空 10 分 用方框内所给词的适当形式完成短文 always animal home they can t parent stay well run kind best Many people like 1 Children like animals 2 Usually we can only see dogs cats ducks or chickens around us We 3 see other animals such as elephants tigers pandas or monkeys On Sunday 4 often take 5 children to the zoo How happy the children are They 6 from one place to another They give animals all 7 of good food to eat They 8 there one hour after another They don t want to go 9 Children 10 have a good time in the zoo 三 阅读理解 We know the sun the earth and the moon are in the universe We see the sun in the daytime and the moon in the night The sun is much bigger than the earth and the earth is bigger than the moon So the sun is the biggest and the moon is the smallest The earth goes round the sun day and night It goes at 30 kilometers a second The moon is our satellite 卫星 It is also our neighbor It goes round the earth all the time The moon goes at 8 kilometers a second The moon can t give out light or heat itself and nothing can live on it Men live on the earth It is going round itself all the time The earth gives us lives food water and so on We must get on well with it 根据短文内容 补全下面句子 每空一词 1 The sun is the b of the three