人教版英语八年级下册第一单元知识点

1 人教版英语八年级下册第一单元知识点 Unit 1 What s the matter 单词 matter m t n 问题 事情 What s the matter with sb 怎么啦 出什么事情了 询问有什么病或遇到什么麻烦 问题 sore s adj 疼痛的 酸痛的 恼怒的 have a sore back 后背痛 sore throat 咽喉痛 n 溃疡 痛处 恨事 pressure sore 褥疮 sore spot 伤疤 痛处 伤心事 旧疮 疤 stomachache st m ke k n 胃痛 腹痛 stomach st m k n 胃 腹部 foot f t n 脚 足 pl feet on foot 步行 在进行中 at the foot of 在 山 脚下 在 的下部 neck nek n 颈 脖子 necklace 项链 necktie 领带 neck and neck with sb 与 并驾齐驱 不分上下 throat r t n 咽喉 喉咙 fever fi v n 发烧 have a fever 发烧 lie la vi 躺 平躺 位于 存在 lie down 躺下 vi 说谎 作为不及物动词的变化 p pr lying pt lied pp lied vt 下蛋 放置 e g The hen stopped laying eggs She laid the baby down gently on the bed 作为及物动词是的变化 p pr laying pt lay pp lain rest v 休息 cough n X 光 toothache tu e k n 牙痛 temperature 温度 体温 take one s temperature 量体温 headache hede k n 头痛 break bre k n 间歇 休息 take breaks take a break 休息 vi vt pt broke pp broken break away from 脱离 放弃 习惯 打破 陈套 break down 机器等 坏了 计划等 失败 健康等 变坏 感情失去控制 break in 插嘴 使驯服 break into 破门而入 突然 起来 break off 折断 突然停止讲话 解除 婚约 break out 战争 火灾 疾病 突然发生 爆发 hurt h t v 使 疼痛 使 受伤 p pr hurting pt hurt pp hurt passenger p s nd n 乘客 旅客 2 off adv 不工作 从 去掉 get off 下车 onto nt prep 向 朝 enough n f adj adv 足够的 地 充足的 地 用作 adj 修饰名词 可前可后 enough water 用作 adv 修饰形容词或副词 要后置 old enough enough for sb sth to do sth 足够 能做 trouble tr bl n 问题 苦恼 pl troubles in trouble 在监禁中 处于不幸中 处困难中 get into trouble 使自己或他人陷入困扰之境 have trouble with doing sth 在 有困难 hit h t v hit 用手或器具 击 打 p pr hitting pt hit pp hit herself h self pron she 的反身代词 她自己 ourselves a selvz pron we 的反身代词 我们自己 bandage b nd d n 绷带 v 用绷带包扎 sick s k adj 生病的 有病的 knee ni n 膝 膝盖 nosebleed no zbli d n 鼻出血 bleed blid vt 使出血 榨取 vi 流血 渗出 悲痛 p pr bleeding pt bled bl d pp bled bled adj 流血的 breathe bri v 呼吸 p pr breathing pt breathed pp breathed breath br n 呼吸 气息 deep breath 深呼吸 take a deep breath 深呼吸 out of breath 喘不过气来 上气不接下气 sunburned adj 晒伤的 climber kla m n 登山者 攀登者 risk n 风险 冒险 take risks take a risk 冒险 accident ks d nt n 交通 事故 意外遭遇 traffic accident 交通事故 car accident 车祸 交通事故 by accident 偶然 意外地 situation s tj e n n 情况 状况 kilo kilogram n 千克 公斤 kg 千克 km kilometer 千米 rock r k n 岩石 knife na f n 刀 pl knives blood bl d n 血 mean mi n v meant 意思是 打算 意欲 p pr meaning pt meant pp meant importance m p t ns n 重要性 重要 decision d s n n 决定 抉择 3 control v 限制 约束 管理 控制 be in control of 掌管 管理 p pr controlling pt controlled pp controlled advice d va s 不可数名词 give sb advice on sth 就某事给某人建议 take sb s advice 接受某人的建议 advise d va z v advise sb to do sth 建议某人做某事 此动词不定式作宾语补足语 advise doing sth 建议做某事 相似用法的动词 allow 允许 permit 允许 forbid 禁止 等 allow doing sth 允许做某事 allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某事 permit doing sth 允许做某事 permit sb to do sth 允许某人做某事 forbid doing sth 禁止做某事 forbid sb to do sth 禁止某人做某事 eg We don t allow smoking in the lab 我们不准在实验室吸烟 We don t allow people to smoke in the lab 我们不准人们在实验室吸烟 People are not allowed to smoke in the lab 人们不准在实验室吸烟 spirit sp r t n 勇气 意志 精神 酒精 death de n 死 死亡 nurse n s n 护士 Judy d u d 朱迪 女名 Nancy n ns 南希 女名 Mandy m nde 曼迪 女名 Aron e r n 阿伦 罗尔斯顿 Utah ju t 犹他州 美国 动词短语 have a sore back 后背痛 have a stomachache 胃痛 肚子痛 have a very sore throat 喉咙非常痛 have a fever 发高烧 feel very hot 感到很热 have catch a cold 受凉 感冒 have a cough 咳嗽 have a toothache 牙疼 talk too much 说得太多 drink enough water 喝足够的水 cut myself 划伤自己 hurt oneself 伤着自己 have a nosebleed 流鼻血 have a rest take breaks take a break 休息一下 a sick man 一个生病的人 4 feel sick 感到恶心 have a heart problem 有心脏病 on the side of the road 在马路边 在公路的一侧 go along 沿着 走 because of 由于 get out of 离开 从 出来 mountain climbing 登山运动 in a difficult situation 在困境中 save a life save one s life 挽救生命 shout for help 大声求救 see a dentist go to a dentist 看牙医 see a doctor go to a doctor 看医生 drink enough water 喝足够的水 lie down and rest 躺下来休息 run it under water 在水下冲 用水冲 get off 下车 get on the bus 上公交车 catch the bus 赶公交车 get out of 从 出来 get over 克服 get on along well with sb 和某人相处得好 get back 取回 hot tea with honey 带蜂蜜的热茶 get an X ray 拍 X 光 put some medicine on it 敷一些药 put a bandage on sth 用绷带包扎 take breaks away from 远离 休息 without moving 没有移动 in the same way 以同样的方式 run out of 用完 sth run out 某物用尽了 sb run out of sth 人用尽了某物 eg His water run out He run out of all his money last night be interested in have take an interest in 对 感兴趣 places of interest 名胜 lost interest in 失去兴趣 in a very dangerous situation 处于非常危险的境地 take a risk take risks 冒险 risk sb to do sth 冒险去做某事 5 make decisions 做决定 make a decision make up one s mind decide to do sth A be in control of B A 管理或控制 B A be in the control of B A 在 B 的控制之中或者 A 受制于 B be out of control 无法控制 无法管理 be under control 被控制住 在控制之下 give up 放弃 give up doing sth stop doing sth 放弃 做 某事 eg give up playing computer games give in 屈服 give out 分发 think about 考虑 think about saving a life考虑挽救生命 right away 立刻 马上 at once right now on foot 步行 the importance of 的重要性 keep on doing sth 一直持续做 坚持做某事 keep sth adj 保持某物某种状态 cut off 切断 cut up 切碎 cut down 砍倒 be used to sth 习惯于 适应 强调状态 be get used to doing sth 习惯于 适应 become used to sth doing sth 变得习惯 逐渐适应 强调过程 His grandpa was used to country life Mary is not used to getting up early in the morning It s difficult to get used to another country s habit used to do sth 过去常常做 现在不了 物 be used to do sth 物 被用来做 be used for doing sth be ready to do sth 乐意做 准备好做 be ready for 为 做好准备 a few days several days 几天 put on 穿上 take off 脱下 fall down fall over 摔倒 fall down from fall off 从 上摔 掉下来 fall in love with 爱上 fall asleep 熟睡 6 fall behind 落后 clean your face 洗你的脸 get hit on the head 撞击头部 get sunburned 晒伤 put your head back 把你的头后仰 thanks to with the help of 多亏了 的帮助 because of 由于 因为 wait for the bus 等公共汽车 to sb s surprise 令 吃惊的是 出乎 的意料的是 to sb s 表感情色彩名词 令某人 的是 to sb s joy 令 高兴的是 to sb s disappointment 令 失望的是 to sb s satisfaction 令 满意的是 to one s surprise 令某人惊奇的是 in surprise 惊奇地 be surprised to do sth 对做 感到吃惊 be surprised at sth 对 感到惊奇 expect sb to do sth wish sb to do sth 期待做 in time 及时 on time 准时 see sb doing sth 看见某人正在做 see sb do sth 看到某人做某事的过程 have problems in breathing 呼吸困难 have difficulty trouble in breathing have difficulty trouble in doing sth 做某事有问题 困难 have a serious accident 一次严重的事故 all weekend 整个周末 agree to do sth 同意做某事 agree to sth 同意某事 agree with sb 同意某人 agree on 就 达成一致意见 take one s temperature 量体温 feel like doing sth 想要 an eight year old girl 一个八岁的女孩 a movie called Kong Fu Panda 一部叫工夫熊猫的电影 so that 以便于 so that 如此 以至于 7 several knives knife knives 几把刀 how to do sth 如何做 put a bandage on the cut 用绷带把伤口缠好 get into trouble 陷入麻烦中 处于困境 be in trouble make trouble 制造麻烦 have trouble difficulties in doing sth 做某事有困难 get into 陷入 mean to do sth 打算做某事 企图 mean doing sth 意味着做某事 the meaning of 的意义 What does mean What s the meaning of 的意思是 the importance of doing sth 做 某事的重要性 mind doing sth 介意做 eg Would you mind my opening the window stay healthy keep healthy 保持健康 be in good health 处于良好的健康状态 without thinking twice 没有多加考虑 need to do sth 需要做某事 the same as 和 一样 find sb do sth 发现 做了某事 find sb doing sth 发现 正在做某事 find it adj to do sth 发现做某事是 的 eg find it difficult hard to do sth be different from 与 不同 had better do sth 最好做某事 had better not do sth 最好不做某事 such a difficult problem 如此难的问题 so fast so quickly 如此快 so happy 如此高兴 help oneself to 请随意 enjoy oneself 玩得开心 by oneself 独立地 take the old man to hospital 带老人去医院 move the man onto the bus 把人移到车上 tell of 讲述 tell stories 讲故事 tell lies 说谎 one of the exciting things 令人兴奋的事情之一 8 one of the 形容词 名词复数 on that day 具体的某一天 his own life 他自己的生命 知识点解读 1 询问某人的健康问题或遇到什么麻烦 问题时的表达 其后跟询问对象时 与介词 with 连用 What s the matter with sb What s the trouble with sb What s one s trouble What s wrong with sb Is there anything wrong with sb What s up What happened to sb How are you feeling now Are you OK Are you feeling better today 2 要表达身体疼痛或不舒服 可用以下结构 某人 have has 病症 某人 have has a headache toothache stomachache backache earache eg The twins have colds 双胞胎感冒了 have a fever 发烧 have a cold catch a cold 患感冒 have a stomachache 患胃痛 have a toothache 患牙痛 have a headache 患头痛 have a backache 患背痛 have the flu get the flu 患流感 某人 have has a sore 发病部位 have a sore throat 患喉咙痛 have a sore back 患背痛 某人 hurt s 身体部位或反身代词 He hurt his leg 他的腿受伤了 某部位 hurt s My head hurts badly 我头痛得厉害 某人 have has a pain in one s 身体部位 I have a pain in my chest 我胸口痛 There is something wrong with one s 身体部位 eg There is something wrong with my right eye 我的右眼有毛病 其他表达方式 She has a heart trouble 她有心脏病 He got hit on the head 他头部受到了撞击 She cut her finger 她割破手指了 3 情态动词 should 应该 应当 的用法 否定式为 shouldn t 其后接动词原形 无人称和数的变化 常用来征询意见 建议 劝告 要求或义务等 You should drink hot water with honey You shouldn t watch TV 用于主语为第一人称的疑问句 表示征询意见 9 Should I put some medicine on it Should we tell her about it 拓展 其他表示建议的结构 Would you like to do sth 你想要 愿意 做 某事吗 Would you like to play basketball with me Shall I we do sth 我 我们做 好吗 Shall we go to the zoo tomorrow Why not do sth 为什么不 呢 Why not join us How What about doing sth How about going swimming Let s do sth 让我们做 吧 Let s go home You d better not do sth 你最好 不 要做某事 You d better not go there alone 4 反身代词的用法 myself ourselves yourself yourselves himself herself itself themselves 跟主语一致 The child can dress himself 作宾语 Mrs Black herself is a teacher 作同位语 Just be yourself 作表语 固定短语 teach oneself sth 自学 learn sth by oneself 自学 enjoy oneself 玩的开心 help oneself to sth 随便吃什么 say to oneself 自言自语 introduce oneself 自我介绍 5 too much 不可数名词 太多 动词 too much Don t talk too much too many 可数名词 太多 much too 形容词或副词 太 表程度 He s much too fat for his age 6 maybe 或许 常用于句首 表示可能性 后加句子 Maybe you are right may be 是情态动词 be 的结构 意为 可能 也许 后加名词 代词或形容词 He may be angry 7 sound like 名词代词和从句 It sounds like you don t know the truth It sounds like a good idea sound 形容词 听起来 好像 The music sounds nice 8 need 需要 实义动词 need 名词 需要某物 need to do sth 需要做某事 主语通常是人 表示人主动的动作 You need to listen carefully during class need doing sth 主语通常是物 表示被动的动作 Your dirty clothes need washing needn t don t have to 没有必要 mustn t 不准 must need 引导的疑问句肯定回答用 must 否定回答用 needn t 或 don t have to 10 Must I finish my homework now No you needn t You can go home now 9 see sb do sth see sb doing sth 感官动词的用法 看见某人做过某事用原形 看见某人正在做某事用现在分词 这样的词语有 hear listen to look at watch feel find 10 hurt 及物动词 使 疼痛 受伤 He hurt his leg while exercising 不及物动词 部位 疼 His leg hurt badly 11 hit 用手或器具 打 击打 The boy hit the dog with a stone hit sb on the head nose back 打某人的头 鼻子 后背 on 用在所打较硬的部位 hit sb in the face eye stomach 打某人的脸 眼睛 肚子 in 用在所打较软的部位 12 sick ill adj 生病的 sick adj 生病的 既可放 be 系动词 后作表语 也可放 n 前作定语 be sick of 讨厌 厌恶 feel sick 生病 不舒服 sick person patient 病人 ill adj 生病的 只能放 be 系动词 后作表语 ill illness n 病 疾病 be ill in hospital 生病 13 so that 引导目的状语从句 以致 为了 以便于 可以和 in order that in order to so as to 进行替换 I got up very early this morning so that I could catch the early train I got up very early this morning in order that I could catch the early train I got up very early this morning in order to catch the early train I got up very early this morning so as to catch the early train 14 so that 引导结果状语从句 如此 以致于 常用句型 主 谓 so adj adv that 从句 主 谓 so adj a an n that 从句 He is so cute a boy that we all like him such a an adj 名词单数 that 从句 He is such a clever boy that everybody likes him 若从句主语与主句主语一致 否定句中可与 too to not enough to 进行互换 This problem is so difficult that I can t work it out This problem is too difficult for me to work out He is so young that he can t go to school He is too young to go to school He isn t old enough