状语从句用法总结(完整)

状状语语从从句句 什什么么是是状状语语 状语修饰动词 形容词 副词或整个句子 1 Naturally our grandparents were pleased to get our phone call 2 We worked hard from sunrise to sunset 3 To help my disabled aunt I spend an hour working in her house every day 4 Seen from a distance the farmhouse looked deserted 5 I know how to light a camp fire because I had done it before 状语的位置比较灵活 可以位于句首 句末或句中 什什么么是是状状语语从从句句 状语从句指句子用作状语时 起副词作用的句子 它可以修饰谓语 非谓语动词 定语 状语或整个句子 状语从句一般由连词 从属连词 引导 也可以由词组引起 根据其作用 状语从句可分为 1 时间状语从句 2 地点状语从句 3 原因状语从句 4 条件状语从句 5 目的状语从句 6 让步状语从句 7 比较状语从句 8 方式状语从句 9 结果状语从句 状语从句的时态特点 一般情况下 时间和条件状语从句的谓语动词一般用 一一般般现现在在时时 表示 一一般般将将来来时时 用 现现在在完完成成时时 表示 将将来来完完成成时时 I will call you as soon as I arrive in Beijing As soon as I have finished this work I will go home If he comes back please let me know 1 时时间间状状语语从从句句 常用引导词 when as while as soon as before after since till until 特殊引导词 the minute the moment the second every time the day the insta nt immediately directly no sooner than hardly when scarcely when I didn t realize how special my mother was until I became an adult While John was watching TV his wife was cooking The children ran away from the orchard 果园 the moment they saw the guard No sooner had I arrived home then it began to rain Every time I listen to your advice I get into trouble 表示表示 一一 就就 除除 as soon as 外 还有三类 外 还有三类 名词型名词型 the moment the minute the second the instant 副词型副词型 immediately directly instantly 句式型句式型 no sooner than hardly scarcely when The moment I saw him I fell in love with him I came immediately you called 你一给我打电话 我就马上来 I had no sooner got home than it began to rain 我一到家 就开始下雨 注意注意 如果如果 hardly scarcely 或或 no sooner 置于句首 句子必须用置于句首 句子必须用倒装结构倒装结构 Hardly Scarcely had I got home when it began to rain No sooner had I got home than it began to rain 在时间状语从句中 不能用一般将来时 过去将来时态或将来完成时 而要用相应的一般 现在时态 一般过去时或现在完成时来代替 When while as 一边 一边 after before as soon as since till until by the time 到 为止 所在句子的主句应用完成时 Mozart started writing music when he was four years old He visited a lot of places while he was traveling He left the classroom after he had finished his homework the other day when while 和和 as 的的区区别别 when 引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词 又可以是瞬时动词 并且when 有时表示 就在那时 when and then at that moment When she came in I stopped eating When I lived in the countryside I used to carry some water for him We were about to leave when he came in While 引导的从句的谓语动词必须是延续性的 并强调主句和从句的动作同时发生 或者相对应 并且 while 有时还可以表示对比 While my wife was reading the newspaper I was watching TV I like playing football while you like playing basketball As 表示 一边 一边 as 引导的动作是延续性的动作 一般用于主句和从句动作 同时发生 as 也可以强调 一先一后 We always sing as we walk As we was going out it began to snow before 和和 after 引引导导的的时时间间状状语语从从句句 before 的本意为 在 之前 根据具体语境还可理解为 还没来得及 还没有 就 趁着还没 就 不知不觉就 才 等 After 表示主句动作发生在从句动作之后 It will be four days before they come back Einstein almost knocked me down before he saw me My father had left for Canada just before the letter arrived They had not been married four months before they were divorced After you think it over please let me know what you decide After we had finished the work we went home till 或或 until 引引导导的的时时间间状状语语从从句句 till 和 until 一般情况下两者可以互换 但是在强调句型中多用until 如果主句中的谓语动词是瞬时动词时 必须用否定形式 如果主句中的谓语动词是延续 性动词时 用肯定或否定形式都可以 但表达的意思不同 I didn t go to bed until till my father came back It was not until the meeting was over that he began to teach me English I worked until he came back 我工作到他回来为止 I didn t work until he came back 他回来我这才开始工作 由 since 引导的时间状语从句 since 引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词 又可以是瞬时动词 一般情况下 从 句谓语动词用一般过去时 而主句的谓语动词用现在完成时 但在It is 时间 since 从句的句型中 主句多用一般现在时 I have been in Beijing since you left Where have you been since I last saw you It is four years since my sister lived in Beijing 我妹妹不在北京住有四年了 It is five months since our boss was in Beijing 我们老板离开北京有五个月了 2 地地点点状状语语从从句句 常用引导词 where 特殊引导词 wherever anywhere everywhere Generally air will be heavily polluted where there are factories Wherever you go you should work hard 句句型型 1 Where 地地点点从从句句 there 主主句句 Where there is no rain farming is difficult or impossible They were good persons Where they went there they were warmly welcomed You should have put the book where you found it Where the Communist Party of China goes there the people are liberated 句句型型 2 Anywhere wherever 地地点点从从句句 主主句句 Wherever the sea is you will find seamen 3 原原因因状状语语从从句句 常用引导词 because since as for 特殊引导词 seeing that 由于 鉴于 now that 既然 in that considering that 考 虑到 given that 考虑到 My friends dislike me because I m handsome and successful Now that everybody has come let s begin our conference Considering that he is no more than 12 years old his height of 1 80 m is quite remarkable Seeing that you re already at the door I suppose I must invite you inside Considering he s only sixteen year old he is not fit for the job Given that she is interested in children I am sure teaching is the right career for her because since as for 辨辨析析 1 because 语势最强 用来说明人所不知的原因 回答why 提出的问题 当原因是显而 易见的或已为人们所知 就用as 或 since I didn t go because I was afraid Since As the weather is so bad we have to delay our journey 2 由 because 引导的从句如果放在句末 且前面有逗号 则可以用for 来代替 但如果 不是说明直接原因 而是多种情况加以推断 就只能用for He is absent today becaus e for he is ill He must be ill for he is absent today 3 as 和 for 的区别 通常情况下 as 引导的从句在主句前 for 引导的从句在主句后 As the weather is cold I stay at home 同义句 I stay at home for the weather is cold 4 目目的的状状语语从从句句 常用引导词 so that in order that 特殊引导词 lest in case for fear that in the hope that for the purpose that to the end that The boss asked the secretary to hurry up with the letters so that he could sign them T he teacher raised his voice on purpose that the students in the back could hear more clearly 5 结结果果状状语语从从句句 常用引导词 so that such that 特殊引导词 such that to the degree that to the extent that to such a degree that such 是形容词 修饰名词或名词词组 so 是副词 只能修饰形容词或副词 He got up so early that he caught the first bus It s such a good chance that we must not miss it To such a degree was he excited that he couldn t sleep last night 6 条条件件状状语语从从句句 常用引导词 if unless 特殊引导词 as so long as only if providing provided that supposing that in ca se that on condition that We ll start our project if the president agrees You will certainly succeed so long as you keep on trying Provided that there is no opposition we shall hold the meeting here 条件状语条件状语从句从句和时间状语从句一样 和时间状语从句一样 从句从句的谓语动词不能用一般将来时态 过去将来时态的谓语动词不能用一般将来时态 过去将来时态 或将来完成时 而要用相应的一般现在时 一般过去时和或将来完成时 而要用相应的一般现在时 一般过去时和现在完成时现在完成时来替代 来替代 Tell me in case you get into difficulty Supposing he does not come shall we go without him 7 让让步步状状语语从从句句 常用引导词 though although even if even though 特殊引导词 as 用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装 while 一般用在句首 no matter in spite of the fact that while whatever whoever wherever whenever however whichever Much as I respect him I can t agree to his proposal The old man always enjoys swimming even though the weather is rough No matter how hard he tried she could not change her mind as though 引引导导的的倒倒装装句句 as though 引导的让步从句必须表语或状语提前 形容词 副词 分词 实义动词提前 Child as though he was he knew what was the right thing to do Though he was a small child he knew what was the right thing to do 注意 a 句首名词不能带任何冠词 b 句首是实义动词 其他助动词放在主语后 如果实义动词有宾语和状语 随实义 动词一起放在主语之前 Try hard as he will he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily Though he tries hard he never seems no matter who whoever no matter when whenever no matter where wherever no matter which whichever no matter how however 注意 no matter 不能引导主语从句和宾语从句 错 No matter what you say is of no use now 对 Whatever you say is of no use now 错 Prisoners have to eat no matter what they re given 对 Prisoners have to eat whatever they re given 8 比比较较状状语语从从句句 常用引导词 as 同级比较 than 不同程度的比较 特殊引导词 the more the more just as so A is to B what as X is to Y no more than not A so much as B She is as bad tempered as her mother The more you exercise the healthier you will be Food is to men what oil is to machine no more than 只只不不过过 嫌嫌少少的的意意思思 not more than 不不如如 前前者者不不如如后后者者 I have no more than two pens It s no more than a mile to the shops Jack is not more diligent than John one of the 名名词词 复复数数 之之一一 用用于于最最高高级级 Han Mei is one of the best students in our school 9 方方式式状状语语从从句句 常用引导词 as just as so as if though 正如 就像 特殊引导词 the way When in Rome do as the Roman do She behaved as if she were the boss Sometimes we teach our children the way our parents have taught us as if as though 两者的意义和用法相同 引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气 表示与事实相反 有 时也用陈述语气 表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大 汉译常作 仿佛 似的 好像 似的 They completely ignore these facts as if as though they never existed He looks as if as though he had been hit by lighting 状状语语从从句句的的省省略略 状语从句同时具备下列两个条件 主句和从句的主语一致 或从句主语为it 从句主要动词是 be 的某种形式 从句中的主语和be 动词常可省略 When the museum is completed the museum will be open to the public ne xt year He ll go to the seaside for his holiday if it is possible 另外 比较状语从句经常省略 I m taller than he is tall The higher the temperature is the greater the pressure is 状语从句的 省略 现象常存在于以下五种状语从句中 由 if unless 等引导的条件状语从句 由 although though even if though 等引导的让步状语从句 由 when while as before after until till 等引导的时间状语从句 由 as as if 等引导的方式状语从句 由 as than 等引导的比较状语从句 下面针对这五种情形作 归纳 1 当状语从句的主语是 it 且谓语动词是 be 时 it 和 be 要完全简化掉 If it is possible he will help you out of the difficulty You must attend the meeting unless it is inconvenient to you 2 当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时 从句可以将主语和 be 动词简化掉 常用