2011届高考英语一轮复习 情态动词讲解

2011 届高考英语一轮复习讲解 情态动词届高考英语一轮复习讲解 情态动词 知识要点知识要点 一 情态动词的语法特征一 情态动词的语法特征 1 情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情 只表示期待或估计某事的发生 2 情态动词 除 ought 和 have 外 后面只能接不带 to 的不定式 3 情态动词没有人称 数的变化 即情态动词第三人称单数不加 s 4 情态动词没有非谓语形式 即没有不定式 分词等形式 二 情态动词的基本用法二 情态动词的基本用法 1 比较 can 和 be able to 1 can could 表示能力 可能 过去时用 could 只用于现在时和过去时 could be able to 可以用于各 种时态 They will be able to tell you the news soon 他很快就能告诉你消息了 2 只用 be able to 中情况 位于助动词后 情态动词后 表示过去某时刻动作时 用于句首表示条件 表示成功地做了某事时 只能用 was were able to 不能用 could He was able to flee Europe before the war broke out He managed to flee Europe before the war broke out 战争爆发前 他就逃离欧洲了 注意 could 不表示时态 表示 提出委婉的请求 注意在回答中不可用 could 在否定 疑问句中表示推测或怀疑 Could I have the television on Yes you can No you can t He couldn t be a bad man 他不大可能是坏人 2 比较 may 和 might 1 表示允许或请求 表示没有把握的推测 may 放在句首 表示祝愿 May God bless you 愿上帝保佑你 He might be at home 他有可能在家 注意 might 表示推测时 不表示时态 只是可能性比 may 小 2 may might as well 后面接不带 to 的不定式 意为 不妨 还是 好 You may just as well tell me the truth 你还是对我说实话好 3 比较 have to 和 must 1 两词都是 必须 的意思 have to 表示客观的需要 must 表示说话人主观上的看法 即主观上的必 要 My brother was very ill so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night 我弟弟病得很厉害 我只得半 夜里把医生请来 客观上需要做这件事 He said that they must work hard 他说他们必须努力工作 主观上要做这件事 2 have to 有人称 数 时态的变化 而 must 只有一种形式 但 must 可用于间接引语中表示过去的必 要或义务 He had to look after his sister yesterday 昨天他不得不照看他的妹妹 3 在否定结构中 don t have to 表示 不必 mustn t 表示 禁止 You don t have to tell him about it 你不一定要把此事告诉他 You mustn t tell him about it 你一定不要把这件事告诉他 4 must 表示推测 1 must 用在肯定句中表示较有把握的推测 意为 一定 2 must 表对现在的状态或现在正发生的事情的推测时 must 后面通常接系动词 be 的原形或行为动词 的进行式 You have worked hard all day You must be tired 你辛苦干一整天 一定累了 对现在情况的推测判断 He must be working in his office 他一定在办公室工作呢 比较 He must be staying there 他现在肯定在那里 He must stay there 他必须待在那里 3 must 表示对已发生的事情的推测时 must 要接完成式 I didn t hear the phone I must have been asleep 我刚才没有听到电话 我想必是睡着了 4 must 表示对过去某时正发生的事情的推测 must 后面要接不定式的完成进 行式 Why didn t you answer my phone call Well I must have been sleeping so I didn t hear it 5 否定推测用 can t If Tom didn t leave here until five o clock he can t be home yet 如果汤姆五点才离开这儿 他此时一定还未到家 5 表示推测的用法 can could may might must 皆可表示推测 其用法如下 1 情态动词 动词原形 表示对现在或将来的情况的推测 此时动词通常为系动词 I don t know where she is she may be in Wuhan 我不知道她在哪儿 她可能在武汉 2 情态动词 动词现在进行时 表示对现在或将来正在进行的情况进行推测 At this moment our teacher must be correcting our exam papers 这时 我们老师想必在批改试卷 3 情态动词 动词完成时表示对过去情况的推测 We would have finished this work by the end of next December 明年 12 月底前我们很可能已完成这项工作了 The road is wet It must have rained last night 地是湿的 昨天晚上一定下雨了 4 情态动词 动词的现在完成进行时表示对过去正在发生事情的推测 Your mother must have been looking for you 你妈妈一定一直在找你 5 推测的否定形式 疑问形式用 can t couldn t 表示 Mike can t have found his car for he came to work by bus this morning 迈克一定还没有找回他的车 因为早上他是坐公共汽车来上班的 注意 could might 表示推测时不表 示时态 其推测的程度不如 can may 6 情态动词 have 过去分词 1 may might have done sth can could have done sth 表示过去 推测过去时间里可能发生的事情 Philip may might have been hurt seriously in the car accident 飞利浦在那场车祸中有可能伤的很严重 2 must have done sth 对过去时间里可能发生的事情的推测 语气较强 具有 肯定 谅必 的意思 Linda has gone to work but her bicycle is still here She must have gone by bus 3 ought to have done sth should have done sth 本应该做某事 而事实上并没有做 否定句表示 不该做某 事而做了 He ought not to have thrown the old clothes away 事实上已扔了 ought to 在语气上比 should 要强 4 needn t have done sth 本没必要做某事 I dressed very warmly for the trip but I needn t have done so The weather was hot 那次旅行 我穿的非 常暖和 但我本没有必要那么去做 天太热了 5 would like to have done sth 本打算做某事 I would like to have read the article but I was very busy then 我本想读那本书 但我那时太忙了 7 should 和 ought to should 和 ought to 都为 应该 的意思 可用于各种人称 Ought he to go Yes I think he ought to 表示要求 命令时 语气由 should 应该 had better 最好 must 必须 渐强 8 had better 表示 最好 had better 相当于一个助动词 它只有一种形式 它后面要跟动词原形 had better do sth 最好干某事 had better not do sth 最好不干某事 had better have done sth 表示与事实相反的结果 意为 本来最好 9 would rather 表示 宁愿 would rather do 宁可干某事 would rather not do 宁可不干某事 would rather than 宁愿 而不愿 还有 would sooner had rather had sooner 都表示 宁愿 宁可 的意思 I would rather stay here than go home I would stay here rather than go home 我宁可待在这儿也不回家 10 will 和 would 1 would like would like to do want to 想要 为固定搭配 Would you like to go with me 你想和我一块儿去吗 2 Will you Would you like 表示肯定含义的请求劝说时 疑问句 中一般用 some 而不是 any Would you like some cake 要蛋糕吗 3 否定结构中用 will 一般不用 would won t you 是一种委婉语气 Won t you sit down 你不坐吗 11 情态动词的回答方式 问句 肯定回答 否定回答 Need you Yes I must No I needn t Must you don t have to 12 带 to 的情态动词 带 to 的情态动词有四个 ought to have to used to be to 如加上 have got to must be able to 为 六个 它们的疑问 否定形式应予以注意 Do they have to pay their bill before the end of the month She didn t use to play tennis before she was fourteen You ought not to have told her all about it Ought he to see a heart specialist at once ought to 本身作为情态动词使用 其他的词作为实义动词使用 变疑问 否定时 须有 do 等助动词协 助 13 比较 need 和 dare 这两词既可作实义动词用 又可作情态动词用 作为情态动词 两者都只能用于疑问句 否定句和条 件句 need 作实义动词时后面的不定式必须带 to 而 dare 作实义动词用时 后面的 to 时常可以被省略 1 实义动词 need 需要 要求 need n to do sth 2 情态动词 need 只用原形 need 后加 do 否定形式为 need not Need you go yet Yes I must No I needn t 3 need 的被动含义 need want require worth 形容词 后面接 doing 也 可以表示被动 need doing need to be done 考点诠释考点诠释 情态动词考点透析情态动词考点透析 考点一 情态动词基本含义的考查考点一 情态动词基本含义的考查 情态动词的基本含义 一直是高考考查的重要内容 例如 1 The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone get out A had to B would C was able to D could 2 When can I come for the photos I need them tomorrow afternoon They be ready by 12 00 A can B should C might D need 解析解析 can 能够 should 应该 表示责任 义务 Might 可能 need 需要 它们应该在 12 点 前准备好 所以 答案是 B 3 You can t imagine that a well behaved gentleman be so rude to a lady A might B need C shouldD would 二 情态动词二 情态动词 表示推测的考查表示推测的考查 对情态动词表示推测的用法 是高考考查情态动词的一个重要方面 例如 1 Sorry I m late I have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again A might B should C can D will 解析解析 might have done 过去 可能做过某事 shouldhave done 本应该做某事 根据本句提供的情 境 I m late 表明说话人可能把闹钟关上了 答案是 A 2 My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon so he your lecture A couldn t have attended B needn t have attended C mustn t have attended D shouldn t have attended 解析解析 couldn t have done 过去 不可能做某事 needn t have done 本来不必做某事 mustn t have done 一定未做过某事 shouldn t have done 本不该做某事 根据提供的情境 My sister met him at the Great Theatre 表明他不可能参加讲座 答案是 A 3 Mr Bush is on time for everything How it be that he was late for the opening ceremony A can B should C may D must 解析解析 can 表示可能性 布什先生按时做一切事 他怎么可能开幕式迟到呢 答案是 A 4 I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter It true because there was little snow there A may not be B won t be C couldn t be D mustn t be 解析解析 may not be 可能不是 won t be 不会是 couldn t be 不可能是 mustn t be 一定不是 根据提供情境 there was little snow 说明山里滑雪是件不可能的事 may not 语气不如 couldn t 强 答案是 C 分析 高考对表示推测的情态动词集中在 must can could may might 上 准确掌握它们使用的场合 是解决问题的关键 M ust 用于肯定陈述句 表示肯定推测 can could 用于疑问或否定陈述句 表示可 能性推测 may might 用于陈述句 表示可能 性推测 用于否定陈述句中 can t 不可能 的语气比 may not 可能不 强 此外 还要注意有对过去和对现在两种情况的推测 对过去推测用情态动词 have done 对现在推测用情态动词 动词原形 三 情态动词表示虚拟的考查三 情态动词表示虚拟的考查 情态动词 have 过去分词表示与过去事实上相反的情况 也是高考单项选择题涉及到情态动词的一 个重要方面 1 There was a lot of fun at yesterday s party You come but why didn t you A must have B should C need have D ought to have 解析解析 ought to have done 表示本来应该做某事而实际没做 should do 表示现在应该做某事 与题 中 at yesterday s party 表示的时间不一致 所以选 D 2 I was really anxious about you You home without a word NMET2001 33 A mustn t leave B shouldn t have left C couldn t have left D needn t leave 3 Oh I m not feeling well in the stomach I so much fried chicken just now A shouldn t eat B mustn t have eaten C shouldn t have eaten D mustn t eat 解析解析 该句所表达的意思是刚才我不因该吃那么多炸鸡 而实际上是吃了那么多 可以判断用 shouldn t have eaten 答案是 C 分析 高考对情态动词表示虚拟 用法 表示与过去事实相反的情况 近几年高考 主要侧重 should not have done 这一句式上 表示本来不该做却做了或本来该做却未做的事 在复习时 还应关注其它 几种虚拟形式 如 need not have done 表示本来需要做而未做或本来不需要而做的事等等 以做到有备 无患 考点四 情态动词与助动词混合考查考点四 情态动词与助动词混合考查 1 Tom you didn t come to the party last night I but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do NMET2007 全国卷 II 20 A had to B didn t C was going to D wouldn t 解析解析 had to 不得不 didn t 没来 was going to 打算来 wouldn t 不愿来 句意 汤姆 昨 晚你没来参加舞会吗 我本打算来 但我突然记起有作业要做 But 是关键词 所以答案是 C 2 Your phone number again I quite catch it It s 86184867 A didn t B couldn t C don t D can t 典题链接典题链接 示例示例 1 I ve taken someone else s green sweater by mistake It Harry s He always wears green A has to be B will be C mustn t be D could be 解析解析 could 在此处表示猜测 意思是 可能 答案 答案 D 示例示例 2 Mum I ve been studying English since 8 o clock I go out and play with Tom for a while No I m afraid not Besides it s raining outside now A Can t B Wouldn t C May not D Won t 解析解析 前一说话者意在强烈要求妈妈允许他出去玩一会 意为 It s been so long a time and it s quite necessary for me to go and play 答案 答案 A 示例示例 3 Excuse me but I want to use your computer to type a report You have my computer if you don t take care of it A shan t B might not C needn t D shouldn t 解析解析 后者意为如果你不爱惜电脑的话 就不允许你用 shall 用于二 三人称表示允诺 如 You shall have a copy if the book is published 书一出来你就会得到一本 You shall get the answer right this afternoon 今天下午你就可以得到答复 The enemy shall be wiped out 敌人一定会被消灭 答案 答案 A 示例示例 4 I often see lights in that empty house Do you think I report it to the police A should B may C will D can 解析解析 空房子常亮着灯 不正常 所以应该报告警方 准确掌握各情态动词的基本意义且紧密结合上下 文才能正确地使用 因而二者不可或缺 答案 答案 A 示例示例 5 Children under 12 years of age in that country be under adult supervision when in a public library A must B may C can D need 解析解析 那个国家里 12 岁以下的孩子到公共图书馆去须由大人监护 这是法律条文或图书馆的管理规定 人人必须 遵守 答案 答案 A 示例示例 6 Catherine I have cleaned the room for you Thanks You it I could manage it myself A needn t do B needn t have done C mustn t do D shouldn t have done 解析解析 needn t have done 表示 过去本来没有必要做而做了 而 shouldn t have done 表示 过去本来不应该 做而 做了 答案 答案 B 思维升级思维升级 情态动词 have 过去分词 结构是情态动词专项考查的难点和重点 记住以下最常考查的结构 1 must have done 过去一定做了某事 2 can t couldn t have done 过去不可能做了某事 3 may might have done 过去可能做了某事 4 needn t have done 过去本来没有必要做而做了某事 5 could have done 过去本来能够做某事而没有做 6 should ought to have done 过去本来应该做某事而没有做 7 shouldn t oughtn t to have done 过去本来不应该做某事而做了 示例示例 7 I have lost one of my gloves I it somewhere A must drop B must have dropped C must be dropping D must have been dropped 解析 must have done 表示 过去一定做了某事 句意为 我丢了一只手套 我肯定是掉在什么地方了 答案 B 高考链接高考链接 1 2010 高考英语江苏卷 I haven t got the reference book yet but I ll have a test on the subject next month Don t worry You have it by Friday A could B shall C must D may 答案 B 解析 本题考察情态动词的用法 shall 在第二人称中表示允诺 还可表示强制 命令 威胁 警 告等 还有在法律条文中的要求和规定 2 2010 高考英语上海春季卷 It is important to know about the cultural differences that cause problems A must B dare C need D may 答案 D 解析 情态动词 语意 了解一些可能会引起问题的文化差异 这很重要 此处 may 用来表示可 能 must 一定 必须 dare 作情态动词常用在否定句与疑问句中 表示敢于 need 表示必须 需 要 根据语意 这里选 D 项 3 2010 高考英语天津卷 Mark have hurried After driving at top speed he arrived half an hour early A needn t B wouldn t C mustn t D couldn t 4 2010 高考英语四川卷 I take the book out I m afraid not A Will B May C Must D Need 答案 B 解析