沪教版2020年备战中考初中英语专项训练—阅读理解（科普环保类）D卷

第 1 页 共 10 页 沪教版沪教版 20202020 年备战中考初中英语专项训练年备战中考初中英语专项训练 阅读理解 科普环保类 阅读理解 科普环保类 D D 卷卷 姓名姓名 班级班级 成绩成绩 一 一 阅读理解阅读理解 共共 5 5 题 共题 共 5252 分分 1 10 分 阅读理解 Robots seem very new to most people But they have a long history The first one was made by a Greek inventor You may have seen robots in some films The robots in these films are stronger faster and more clever than people in real life Most robots are used in factories They are used to do many dangerous difficult or boring jobs Some people can t look after themselves and move around They need dogs to help them These dogs are called guide dogs Scientists are making robot dogs to help them In the future robot dogs might take the place of these guide dogs Robots are also used in American hospitals At one hospital a robot takes meals from the kitchen to the sick people s rooms it never loses its way because it has a map of the hospital in its computer system In the future robots will work in space But robots will never take the place of human beings though they can help us in a lot of different ways 1 From the passage we can know that robots A are not useful B were invented long long ago C mostly work on the farm D can take the place of 代替 human beings 2 inventor made the first robot in the world A Chinese B Japanese C Russian 第 2 页 共 10 页 D European 欧洲的 3 The underlined phrase guide dogs means A 机器狗 B 幸运儿 C 导盲犬 D 机器猫 4 Robots can t get lost in hospital because A they walk after the doctors B they ask the people when they don t know the way C they take a map of the hospital in their hands D their computer system can tell them the way 5 In the future robots A will work in different important fields B will take the place of human C can do everything D can t do something as bad people tell them 2 12 分 阅读理解 Scientists in Britain and the United States have made a new kind of enzyme 酵素 that eats plastics 塑料 With its help plastics can be turned into smaller parts and go away quickly Scientists believe that in the future it could solve the problem of plastic pollution The enzyme is able to break down PET a form of plastic PET was first made in the 1940s and is now widely used to make plastic bottles It can remain in the environment for many years and pollute large areas of land and water So it has always been a headache to deal with the waste from 第 3 页 共 10 页 PET and other plastics The researchers made the discovery 发现 while examining the structure of a natural enzyme in Japan They found that the natural enzyme was helping to break down PET plastics So they decided to make small changes to the enzyme by adding some amino acids 氨基酸 It made the natural enzyme s plastic eating abilities work faster and better John McGeehan one of the lead researchers said We ve made an improved enzyme It s better than the natural one And we are trying to make more improvements to it He went on The enzyme is not harmful to humans or animals and it is friendly to the environment So we are considering putting it into wider use The team is now trying to make the enzyme break down PET in large quantities 大量地 We ll see that the plastic pollution may be stopped with this technology However there is still a long way to go John McGeehan added 1 According to the scientists the enzyme may solve the problem of pollution A air B water C light D plastic 2 The underlined phrase break down in the passage probably means in Chinese A 实验 B 生产 C 发明 D 分解 3 Researchers discovered that a natural enzyme helped eat plastics A in Britain 第 4 页 共 10 页 B in the US C in Japan D in China 4 Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage A The scientists are still trying to improve the enzyme B The enzyme will pollute large areas of land and water C The natural enzyme works better than the improved one D The natural enzyme is harmful to humans and animals 3 10 分 Many places in the world need more fresh water Every country is trying to find ways to turn salt water into fresh Why aren t there many factories like the Symi factory In some places the sun is not hot enough Or it does not shine every day In such places other ways of heating sea water can be used These ways cost more money but they work faster than the sun By boiling sea water with high heat a lot of fresh water can be made quickly But heating is not the only way to get fresh water from salt water Other ways are tried One way is freezing The fresh part of salt water freezes first To get fresh water the bits of ice are taken out Which way is the best The one that gives the most water for the least money It may be a different way for each place Symi s way seems very good for small hot places It does not make much water at a time But the factory is easy to build and costs little That is why people in many dry places talk about Symi 1 From the passage we know that fresh water A is needed in many countries B is needed in every country 第 5 页 共 10 页 C can be used in many ways D is very important for factories 2 The Symi factory A turns salt water into fresh B can be built everywhere C can make much fresh water at a time D doesn t need sunshine every day 3 Which is the best way for small and hot places to get fresh water A Boiling the sea water B Heating the sea water C The Symi s way D Freezing the sea water 4 What fact doesn t the passage mention 提到 A New ways of getting fresh water B A lot of fresh water can be made quickly by heating C The best way is to get the freshest water with the least money D The Symi s way doesn t work in dry places 5 The Symi s way is not suitable for places according to the passage A small B hot C cool D dry 第 6 页 共 10 页 4 10 分 For a long time humans have used technology 科技 to study the world around us and Mars is the latest place we re using machines to explore Besides the earth the red planet is seen as the one place in our solar system most likely to have life Early last month the first American robot Spirit landed on Mars without any problem Opportunity the second robot landed on the planet more than a week ago Scientists are very excited about these machines safe landing on Mars It means that now we have an excellent chance to look for water and other signs of life So far the robots have found some stones that could show Mars was once a wet and warm planet But the trips made by Spirit and Opportunity were dangerous Mars is often called the death planet because in the past its environment has been unfriendly to the robot explorers Before Spirit and Opportunity nearly forty spaceships had been sent to Mars since the 1960s Two thirds of them failed The first spaceship Korabl sent in 1962 by Russia was among them It broke apart 分裂 near the earth 1 For a long time humans think A they can surely find life on Mars B there may be life on Mars C it s too late for them to explore Mars now D Mars is the only planet that has life on it 2 The two robots A have found out that it is warm and wet on Mars B were sent to Mars to find some stones C were the first two American robots that landed on Mars D are the only machines that have landed on Mars so far 3 The third paragraph mainly tell us A it s a very hard and dangerous trip for spaceships to Mars 第 7 页 共 10 页 B two thirds of the spaceships sent to Mars have failed C Spirit and Opportunity landed on Mars successfully D Mars is called the death planet 5 10 分 阅读理解 Scientists have been experimenting with four leg robots for years They want to use robots to carry heavy things over difficult land But providing enough power for those kinds of robots has been a problem Now that has changed Engineers at MIT have designed a running robot that runs on batteries Scientists say their robots will soon be able to run like cheetahs the fastest land animals on Earth One difficulty in designing these types of robots continues to be providing power These machines are still quite heavy and they need a lot of power to run But the cheetah like robot designed by engineers at MIT is light enough m run on batteries The robot weighs just 30 kilograms The robot needs only about 700 watts of power to run This robot can actually jump 40cm high and it can land very safely and then it can run The robots limbs and other parts were made in a three dimensional or 3D printer A strong light weight material called Kevlar is used to make the robot s part stronger But the development of MITs robot is not without its own set of problems The robot s limbs must support heavy force and sometimes they break Scientists say the new technologies used on this robot may be used in the making of limbs for disabled persons and other machines Some of tho