2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语试题（北京卷）

1 20122012 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 英英 语 北京卷 语 北京卷 本试卷共 16 页 共 150 分 考试时长 120 分钟 考生务必将答案答在答题卡上 在试 卷上作答无效 考试结束后 将本试卷和答题卡一并交回 第一部分 听力理解 共三节 第一部分 听力理解 共三节 3030 分 分 第一节 共 5 小题 每小题 1 5 分 共 7 5 分 听下面 5 段对话或独白 每段对话或独白后有一道小题 从每题所给的 A B C 三个选 项中选出最佳选项 听完每段对话或独白后 你将有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读 下一小题 每段对话或独白你将听一遍 例 What is the man going to read A A newspaper B A magazine C A book 答案是 A 1 Who answered the phone A MikeB HenryC Tom 2 What s the woman s favourite food A Italian B Chinese C Indian 3 When does the first flight arrive in Detroit A 5 18am B 6 10amC 8 50am 4 What is the woman looking for A ZooB TelephoneC Tennis court 5 What will the weather be like at the weekend A Cloudy B Snowy C Sunny 第二节 共 10 小题 每小题 1 5 分 共 15 分 听下面 4 段对话或独白 每段对话或独白后有几道小题 从每题所给的 A B C 三个选 项中选出最佳选项 听每段对话或独白前 你将有 5 秒钟的时间阅读每小题 听完后 每小 题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间 每段对话或独白你将听两遍 听第 6 段材料 回答第 6 至 7 题 6 Where are the two speakers A In the hotelB In a shopC In a restaurant 7 How much did the man pay in the end A 115 B 130C 140 听第 7 段材料 回答第 8 至 9 题 8 What did the man do last weekend A Watched TV B Stayed at home C Visited a friend 9 What will the woman probably do this weekend A Play tennis B Do some shoppingC Go to a dance 2 听第 8 段材料 回答第 10 至 12 题 10 Where are the new houses A On the main road B Close to a bus station C Near the sports center 11 What does the woman like most about the new houses A The garden B The space C The quietness 12 How does the man feel about the woman s suggestion A Delighted B Disappointed C Uninterested 听第 9 段材料 回答第 13 至 15 题 13 What can t the students do without a teacher A Hold parties B Complete the Safety Sheet C Use any emergency equipment 14 Why are the students asked to tie back their loose hour in the lab A It may catch fire B It may cover their eyes C It may pass chemicals to their faces 15 What is the speech mainly about A Laboratory regulations B Safety instructions C After class activities 第三节 共 5 小题 每小题 1 5 分 共 7 5 分 听下面的一段对话 完成第 16 至 20 五道小题 每小题近填写一个词 听对话前 你将 有 20 秒钟的时间阅读试题 听完后你将有 60 秒钟的作答时间 这段对话你将听两遍 TelephoneTelephone CancellationCancellation RequestRequest FormForm AccountAccount NameNameEdward 16 TelephoneTelephone No No 17 HomeHome PhonePhone PlanPlan Nonrefundable 不退款 18 pre paid plan ReasonReason forfor CancellationCancellation 19 house CancellationCancellation DateDate RequiredRequired 20 9 by 5 00 pm 第二部分 知识运用 共两节 第二部分 知识运用 共两节 4545 分 分 第一节 单项填空 共 15 小题 每小题 1 分 共 15 分 从每题所给的 A B C D 四个选项中 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项 并在答题卡 上将该项涂黑 例 It s so nice to hear from her again we last met more than thirty years ago A What s more B That s to say C In other words D Believe it or not 答案是 D 3 21 Look at those clouds Don t worry it rains we ll still have a great time A Even if B As though C In case D If only 22 By the time you have finished this book your meal cold A gets B has got C will get D is getting 23 One learns a language by making mistakes and them A corrects B correct C to correct D correcting 24 Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt he could have expressed it differently A why B how C that D whether 25 George said that he would come to school to see me the next day but he A wouldn t B didn t C hasn t D hadn t 26 When deeply absorbed in work he often was he would forget all about eating or sleeping A that B which C where D when 27 with care one tin will last for six weeks A Use B Using C Used D To use 28 Many people have donated that type of blood however the blood bank needs A some B less C much D more 29 Have you heard about that fire in the market Yes fortunately no one A hurt B was hurt C has hurt D had been hurt 30 Our friendship quickly over the weeks that followed A had developed B was developing C would develop D developed 31 at the door before you enter my room please A Knock B Knocking C Knocked D To knock 33 We the difficulty together but why didn t you tell me A should face B might face C could have faced D must have faced 34 Do you think this shirt is too tight the shoulders A at B on C to D across 35 Don t handle the vase as if it made of steel A is B were C has been D had been 第二节第二节 完形填空 共完形填空 共 2020 小题 每小题小题 每小题 1 51 5 分 共分 共 3030 分 分 阅读下面短文 掌握其大意 从每题所给的 A B C D 四个选项中 选出最佳选项 4 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑 InspirationInspiration Mama when I grow up I m going to be one of those I said this after seeing the Capital Dancing Company perform when I was three It was the first time that my 36 took on a vivid form and acted as something important to start my training As I grew older and was 37 to more my interests in the world of dance 38 varied but that little girl s dream of someday becoming a 39 in the company never left me In the summer of 2005 when I was 18 I received the phone call which made that dream a 40 I became a member of the company 41 back to 1925 As I look back on that day now it surely 42 any sense of reality I believe I stayed in a state of pleasant disbelief 43 I was halfway through rehearsals 排练 on my first day I never actually 44 to get the job After being offered the position I was completely 45 I remember shaking with excitement Though I was absolutely thrilled with the change it did not come without its fair share of 46 Through the strict rehearsal period of dancing six days a week I found it vital to 47 up the material fast with every last bit of concentration It is that extreme 48 to detail 细节 and stress on practice that set us 49 To then follow those high energy rehearsals 50 a busy show schedule of up to five performances a day I discovered a new 51 of the words hard work What I thought were my physical 52 were pushed much further than I thought 53 I learned to make each performance better than the last Today when I look at the unbelievable company that I have the great 54 of being a part of not only as a member but as a dance captain I see a 55 that has inspired not only generations of little girls but a splendid company that continues to develop and grow and inspires people every day to follow their dreams 36 A hobby B plan C dream D word 37 A connected B expanded C exposed D extended 38 A rarely B certainly C probably D consistently 39 A director B trainer C leader D dancer 40 A symbol B memory C truth D reality 41 A bouncing B dating C turning D tracking 42 A lacksB addsC makesD brings 43 A while B since C until D when 44 A Cared B Expected C Asked D Decided 45 A motivated B relaxed C convinced D astonished 5 46 A challenges B profits C advantages D adventures 47 A put B mix C build D pick 48 A Attention B association C attraction D adaptation 49 A apart B aside C off D back 50 A over B by C with D beyond 51 A function B meaning C expression D usage 52 A boundaries B problems C barriers D efforts 53 A necessary B perfect C properD possible 54 A talent B honor C potential D responsibility 55 A victory B trend C tradition D desire 第三部分 阅读理解 共两节 第三部分 阅读理解 共两节 4040 分 分 第一节 共 15 小题 每小题 2 分 共 30 分 阅读下列短文 从每题所给的 A B C D 四个选项中 选出最佳选项 并在答题卡上 将该项涂黑 A A TheThe BasicsBasics ofof MathMath MadeMade ClearClear Basic Math introduces students to the basic concepts of mathematics as well as the fundamentals of more tricky areas These 30 fantastic lectures are designed to provide students with an understanding of arithmetic and to prepare them for Algebra 代数 and beyond The lessons in Basic Math cover every basic aspect of arithmetic They also look into exponents 指数 the order of operations and square roots In addition to learning how to perform various mathematical operations students discover why these operations work how a particular mathematical topic relates to other branches of mathematics and how these operations can be used practically Basic Math starts from the relatively easier concepts and gradually moves on to the more troublesome ones so as to allow for steady and sure understanding of the material by students The lectures offer students the chance to make sense of mathematical knowledge that may have seemed so frightening They also help students prepare for college mathematics and overcome their anxiety about this amazing and completely understandable field of study By the conclusion of the course students will have improved their understanding of basic math They will be able to clear away the mystery 神秘性 of mathematics and face their studies with more confidence than they ever imagined In addition they will strengthen their ability to accept new and exciting mathematical challenges Professor H Siegel honored by Kentucky Educational Television as the best math teacher in America is a devoted teacher and has a gift for explaining 6 mathematical concepts in ways that make them seem clear and obvious From the basic concrete ideas to the more abstract problems he is master in making math lectures learner friendlier and less scary With a PhD in Mathematics Education from Georgia State University Dr Siegel teaches mathematics at Central Arizona College His courses include various make up classes and a number of lectures for future primary school teachers If the course fails to provide complete satisfaction to you you can easily exchange it for any other course that we offer Or you can get your money back 56 What does the course Basic Math mainly cover A Algebra B College Mathematics C Arithmetic D Mathematics Education 57 What benefits can students expect from Basic Math A Stronger imaginative ability B Additional presentation skills C More mathematical confidence D Greater chances of becoming teachers 58 What can we learn about Professor H Siegel A He is a guest lecturer at Kentucky Educational Television B He is to deliver 30 lectures in Basic Math C He works in Georgia State University D He specializes in training teachers 59 Where is the passage most likely to have been taken from A A news report B A book review C A lesson plan D An advertisement B B PeanutsPeanuts toto ThisThis Proudly reading my words I glanced around the room only to find my classmates bearing big smiles on their faces and tears in their eyes Confused I glanced toward my stone faced teacher Having no choice I slowly raised the report I had slaved over hoping to hide myself What could be causing everyone to act this way Quickly I flashed back to the day Miss Lancelot gave me the task This was the first real talk I received in my new school It seemed simple go on the Internet and find information about a man named George Washington Since my idea of history came from an ancient teacher in my home country I had never heard of that name before As I searched the name of this fellow it became evident that there were two people bearing the same name who looked completely different One invented hundreds of uses for peanuts while the other led some sort of army across America I stared at the screen wondering which one my teacher meant I called my grandfather for a golden piece of advice flip 掷 a coin Heads the commander and tails the peanuts guy Ah Tails my report would be about the great man who invented peanut butter George Washington Carver 7 Weeks later standing before this unfriendly mass I was totally lost Oh well I lowered the paper and sat down at my desk burning to find out what I had done wrong As a classmate began his report it all became clear My report is on George Washington the man who started the American Revolution The whole world became quite How could I know that she meant that George Washington Obviously my grade was awful Heartbroken but fearless I decided to turn this around I talked to Miss Lancelot but she insisted No re dos no new grade I felt that the punishment was not justified and I believed I deserved a second chance Consequently I threw myself heartily into my work for the rest of the school year Ten months later that chance unfolded as I found myself sitting in the headmaster s office with my grandfather now having an entirely different conversation I smiled and flashed back to the embarrassing moment at the beginning of the year as the headmaster informed me of my option to skip the sixth grade Justice is sweet 60 What did the author s classmates think about his report A Controversial B Ridiculous C Boring D Puzzling 61 Why was the author confused about the task A He was unfamiliar with American history B He followed the advice and flipped a coin C He forgot his teacher s instruction D He was new at the school 62 The underlined word burning in Para 3 probably means A annoyed B ashamed C ready D eager 63 In the end the author turned things around A by redoing his task B through his own efforts C with the help of his grandfather D under the guidance of his headmaster C C Decision makingDecision making underunder StressStress A new review based on a research shows that acute stress affects the way the brain considers the advantages and disadvantages causing it to focus on pleasure and ignore the possible negative 负面的 consequences of a decision The research suggests that stress may change the way people make choices in predictable ways Stress affects how people learn says Professor Mara Mather People learn better about positive than negative outcomes under stress For example two recent studies looked at how people learned to connect images 影像 with either rewards or punishments In one experiment some of the 8 participants were first stressed by having to give a speech and do difficult math problems in front of an audience in the other some were stressed by having to keep their hands in ice water In both cases the stressed participants remembered the rewarded material more accurately and the punished material less accurately than those who hadn t gone through the stress This phenomenon is likely not surprising to anyone who has tried to resist eating cookies or smoking a cigarette while under stress at those moments only the pleasure associated with such activities comes to mind But the findings further suggest that stress may bring about a double effect Not only are rewarding experiences remembered better but negative consequences are also easily recalled The research also found that stress appears to affect decision making differently in men and women While both men and women tend to focus on rewards and less on consequences under stress their responses to risk turn out to be different Men who had been stressed by the cold water task tended to take more risks in the experiment while women responded in the opposite way In stressful situations in which risk taking can pay off big men may tend to do better when caution weighs more however women will win This tendency to slow down and become more cautious when decisions are risky might also help explain why women are less likely to become addicted than men they may more often avoid making the risky choices that eventually harden into addiction 64 We can learn from the passage that people under pressure tend to A keep rewards better in their memory B recall consequences more effortlessly C make risky decisions more frequently D learn a subject more effectively 65 According to the research stress affects people most probably in their A ways of making choicesB preference for pleasure C tolerance of punishmentsD responses to suggestions 66 The research has proved that in a stressful situation A women find it easier to fall into certain habits B men have a greater tendency to slow down C women focus more on outcomes D men are more likely to take risks D D WildernessWilderness In wilderness 荒野 is the preservation of the world This is a famous saying from a writer regarded as one of the fathers of environmentalism The frequency with which it is borrowed mirrors a heated debate on environmental 9 protection whether to place wilderness at the heart of what is to be preserved As John Sauven of Greenpeace UK points out there is a strong appeal in images of the wild the untouched more than anything else they speak of the nature that many people value most dearly The urge to leave the subject of such images untouched is strong and the danger exploitation 开发 brings to such landscapes 景观 is real Some of these wildernesses also perform functions that humans need the rainforests for example store carbon in vast quantities To Mr Sauven these ecosystem services far outweigh the gains from exploitation Lee Lane a visiting fellow at the Hudson Institute takes the opposing view He acknowledges that wildernesses do provide useful services such as water conservation But that is not he argues a reason to avoid all human presence or indeed commercial and industrial exploitation There are ever more people on the Earth and they reasonably and rightfully want to have better lives rather than merely struggle for survival While the ways of using resources have improved there is still a growing need for raw materials and some wildernesses contain them in abundance If they can be tapped without reducing the services those wildernesses provide the argument goes there is no further reason not to do so Being untouched is not in itself a characteristic worth valuing above all others I look forwards to seeing these views taken further and to their being challenged by the other participants One challenge that suggests itself to me is that both cases need to take on the question of spiritual value a little more directly And there is a practical question as to whether wildernesses can be exploited without harm This is a topic that calls for not only free expression of feelings but also the guidance of reason What position wilderness should enjoy in the preservation of the world obviously deserves much more serious thinking 67 John Sauven holds that A many people value nature too much B exploitation of wildernesses is harmful C wildernesses provide humans with necessities D the urge to develop the ecosystem services is strong 68 What is the main idea of Para 3 A The exploitation is necessary for the poor people B Wildernesses cannot guarantee better use of raw materials C Useful services of wildernesses are not the reason for no exploitation D All the characteristics concerning the exploitation should be treated equally 69 What is the author s attitude towards